THE PHYSICS OF SWIMMING BY: COLE HENSLEY

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1 THE PHYSICS OF SWIMMING BY: COLE HENSLEY COLE HENSLEY: PHY3091: 1,26,2014

2 INTRODUCTION! Topics: The Streamline The Pull The Kick If I have time introduce the suit we use to race in. Purpose/Reasons: To introduce the basic physics behind swimming at a competitive level. I am a member of the varsity Mens FSU Swimming and Diving Team To rebuff some of the more prominent swimming misconceptions

3 THE STREAMLINE: One of the most physically prominent ideas of swimming is the idea of drag forces or resistive forces that act on the swimmer. Water is 1000 times more resistant than air. In fact, 91% of a person's energy is lost through drag In order to cope with this resistive force a swimmer attempts to minimize his/her surface area while swimming. We call this position the Streamline which is possibly the most important positions for a swimmer to master.

4 STREAMLINE CONT. THE EQUATION FOR RESISTANCE IN WATER:! R=1/2*D*P*A*V^2 D=CONSTANT FOR THE VISCOSITY OF THE FLUID P=DENSITY OF THE WATER A=SURFACE AREA V=VELOCITY! AS YOU CAN SEE FROM THE EQUATION IT IS GREATLY IMPORTANT FOR A SWIMMER TO MINIMIZE THEIR SURFACE AREA BEING AS IT IS ONE OF THE ONLY THINGS THAT WE HAVE IN OUR CONTROL WHILE SWIMMING THINK OF IT AS TWO BOATS, THE FIRST BEING A SPEED BOAT THAT IS LOW AND AERODYNAMIC VS. A OIL TANKER THAT IS LARGE AND BULKY. WHICH ONE WOULD YOU CHOOSE IF THE GOAL IS SPEED.!

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6 STREAMLINE CONT. Streamline is utilized when a swimmer pushes of the wall and under water rather than on top. A common misconception about swimming is the question of whether or not you are faster on top or under the water? A swimmer who has mastered streamline can be much faster under the water because he/she does not have to worry about the water tension at the surface. It may sound like a futile point but the smallest change can make a huge difference.

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8 THE PULL: There are many different types of strokes each with a distinct pull. For sake of time I will focus on Freestyle. It is the pull coupled with the kick that cause the propulsion that moves a swimmer down the pool. The pull provides more of a propulsive force than the kick but it is when they are coupled that a swimmer is at his most efficient. Also according to Newtons third law, for every action their is an equal and opposite reaction. So when you pull down the water pushes up creating a buoyant force. Similarly as you pull back it creates a forward force that propels you.

9 THE PULL CONT.. Another prominent misconception is that it is most powerful to pull straight through the water in a straight line. In reality it is most efficient to pull with a slight S-curve, this is the best mixture of power and efficiency rather than powering through the water like a barge. Another important part of the freestyle stroke is your hand position. You want your hand to become as flat and have the largest surface area possible to produce the most power. Also as you swim you should rotate around an axis through the top of your head to your toes. This creates a much more streamline position to move through the water.

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11 THE KICK The third major aspect of swimming is the kick. A swimmers kick satisfies two major goals, it both propels you forward and provides balance to your stroke. Your foot s flexibility is very important when kicking as shown bellow. You want your feet to be as flat as possible to create the most powerful force The forward motion from the kick comes from the angle of your foot coming in contact with the water producing a opposing force in that direction.

12 THE KICK CONT When swimming under the water in streamline a swimmer doesn't use the same kick that he/she would on the surface When underwater the most efficient kick is the butterfly kick in which you feet remain together. it is important for your feet to remain close creating the largest surface area for the kick. If done correctly this butterfly kick is the most powerful kick a swimmer has to utilize.

13 THE KICK CONT. Recent studies have proved an interesting idea: kicking assists a swimmer to travel forward more by reducing the vacuum or suction behind them than it does by producing forward thrust This means that as your legs kick they break the surface tension of the water and create turbulence which makes it easer to move through. It is the coupling of the pull and the kick that creates the fastest technique for a swimmer.! Read more:

14 CONCLUSION Swimming at a competitive level requires a mastery of three major components: Streamline, The Pull, and The kick. Each of these components is based heavily on the physics of an object moving through a medium, in this case water. The most important physical aspect being the retarding force of the water on the swimmer as he/she moves through the water. A swimmer attempts to cope with this force by becoming as streamline and aerodynamic as possible, whether underwater or while pulling.

15 "Resistance, Drag, and Hydro-dynamics." The Physics of Swimming. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan SOURCES Resistance, Drag, and Hydro-dynamics." The Physics of Swimming. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan "The Physics and Biomechanics of Swimming." The Physics and Biomechanics of Swimming. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Jan "How Does Moving Your Legs Propel You Forward in Swimming?" Physics Forums RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Jan

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