GUIDE TO THE CRANIAL NERVES. Forrest Monroe and Michael Carry, PhD University of Colorado School of Medicine 2009
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1 GUIDE TO THE CRANIAL NERVES Forrest Monroe and Michael Carry, PhD University of Colorado School of Medicine 2009 Updated by Mike Pascoe, PhD Fall 2011 Key Sensory Motor Preganglionic Paraympathetic Postganglionic Paraympathetic Postganglionic Sympathetic
2 Olfactory Nerve (I) Olfactory Bulb Olfactory Tract To medial temporal lobe Cribriform Plate Mucosa Olfactory Nerves (I) Nasal Cavity Layer of Mucus Sagittal section through ethmoid bone Nerve (II) Anterior Retina Retina Canals Nerves (II) Chiasma Tracts Note: Red and blue here denote left/right visual fields. All are special sensory (vision) only. Lateral Geniculate Nuclei Posterior view of cranium Oculomotor Nerve (III) Midbrain Oculomotor Oculomotor Nerve (III) Orbital Ramus Ciliary Levator Palpebrae is Rectus (CNV - Short Ciliary) Ciliary Body (Accommodation) Iris (Constriction) Edinger-Westphal Ramus Medial Rectus Rectus Oblique iris unaccommodated, flat lens, distant vision zonule fibers contracted when ciliary muscle relaxes pupil lens sympathetic - dilation parasympathetic - constriction accommodated, thick lens, near vision zonule fibers relaxed when ciliary muscle contracts
3 Trochlear Nerve (IV) Midline trochlea Midbrain Trochlear Nerve (IV) Orbital Trochlear Oblique view of left eye Nerve (V 1 ) Opthalmic Branch medial Supraorbital lateral External Nasal Internal Nasal Anterior Anterior Infratrochlear Supratrochlear Supraorbital Posterior Posterior Short Ciliary Cornea Ciliary Long Ciliary Orbital Nasociliary Frontal (V) Opthalmic Branch Lacrimal view of right orbit
4 Nerve (V 2 ) - Maxillary Branch posterior Zygomatic anterior (skin of cheek bone) Rotundum Orbital Infraorbital Groove/Canal Infraorbital (V) Maxillary Branch Pterygopalatine Infraorbital (Maxillary Sinus Mucosa) Anterior Alveolar (canine, incisors) Medial Alveolar (pre-molars) Palatovaginal Canal Pterygomaxillary (lateral coming toward you) Lateral view of right pterygopalatine fossa Pharyngeal (nasopharynx) Lesser Palatine Lesser Palatine (soft palate, incl. taste) Greater Palatine Greater Palatine (hard palate, incl. taste) Sphenopalatine Nasopalatine Incisive Fossa Posterior Alveolar (molars) Lateral Posterior Nasal Medial Posterior Nasal Nerve (V 3 ) - Mandibular Branch posterior anterior Meningeal Branch Spinosum Motor Ovale Deep Temporal (temporalis) (skin of parotid gland) (V) Mandibular Branch Auriculotemporal Masseteric Lateral Pterygoid Medial Pterygoid (tensor palatini, tensor tympani) Long Buccal (skin/mucosa of cheek, gingiva) Lingual (mucosa of ant. 2/3 tongue, incl. taste) Middle Meningial A. Alveolar Mandibular Incisive Lateral view of skull Nerve to the Mylohyoid (ant digastric) Mental Mental (skin, mucosa of lower lip)
5 Abducens Nerve (VI) abducts the eye Abducens Abducens Nerve (VI) Orbital Lateral Rectus optic nerve view of left eye Facial Nerve (VII) Lacrimal N. Lacrimal Gland Zygomatic N. Hiatus of Greater Petrosal N. Pterygoid Canal Facial Motor Salivatory Internal Auditory Meatus Facial (VII) N. to the Stapedius Geniculate Greater Petrosal Chorda Tympani (Taste - ant 2/3 of tongue) Nerve of the Pterygoid Canal Petrotympanic Lingual Lesser Palatine (Taste) * * Greater Palatine (Taste) Pterygopalatine Pterygopalatine Fossa *Travels w/ Maxillary Branch to mucosa of hardpalate and nasal cavity; except to skin and dental pulp (tongue/taste) N. to the Posterior Digastric N. to the Stylohyoid Temporal Stylomastoid Submandibular Gland Submandibular Sublingual Gland Zygomatic Buccal Marginal Mandibular Cervical
6 (Note: Vestibulocochlear diagram not included by Dr. Carry - VIII has hearing axons only) Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX) Medulla Salivatory Ambiguus N. to the Stylopharyngeus Glossopharyngeal (IX) carotid body Carotid Jugular Tympanic (middle ear) Tympanic Canaliculus Hiatus for the Lesser Petrosal Lesser Petrosal Lingual [branch of glossopharyngeal] (Taste - Post. 1/3 of Tongue) Ovale Otic w/ Auriculotemporal Parotid Gland Hanging from mandibular br of CNV Carotid A. Tonsilar (tonsilar bed) Pharyngeal (gag reflex) Vagus Nerve (X) Medulla Dorsal Motor Ambiguus Vagus (X) Carotid Auricular Jugular Pharyngeal Pharyngeal Plexus Laryngeal Muscles of Palate/Pharynx (except tensor palatini, stylopharyngeus) Internal Laryngeal Sensory and Taste: Epiglottis to Vocal folds External Laryngeal Cricothyroid, Constrictors Recurrent Laryngeal From Vocal folds to Trachea, Larynx except Cricothyroid & Inf Constrictors Vagal Trunk Sensory to Left Colic Flexure
7 Spinal Accessory Nerve (XI) Spinal Accessory (XI) Magnum Jugular C1 Sterocleidomastoid Trapezius C2 C3 C4 C5 Hypoglossal Nerve (XII) Medulla Hypoglossal Nerve (XII) Hypoglossal Canal Genioglossus Hyoglossus Styloglossus Intrinsic Muscles of Tongue Hypoglossal emerging between pyramid/olive *damage to right hypoglossal nerve results in deviation of tongue to the right Bonus Content! Cranial Nerves Mnemonics: (G-rated) On Old Olympus Towering Tops A Famous Vocal German Viewed Some Hops (X-rated) Oh, Oh, Oh, To Touch And Feel Virgin Girls Vaginas And Hymens Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More (S=Sensory, M=Motor, B=Both) Substitute Boobs for Brains for dirty version Bony Landmarks/Exit Points C O S 3 R O S I 2 J 3 H Cribriform Plate - I Canal - II Orbital - III, IV, V 1 Rotundum () - V 2 Ovale () - V 3 Orbital - VI Internal Acoustic Meatus - VII, VIII Jugular - IX, X, XI Hypoglossal Canal - XII
Cranial Nerve I Name: Foramen: Fiber Type: Function: Branches: Embryo:
Cranial Nerve I Olfactory nerve Cribiform plate Special sensory Olfactory bulbs, Smell Olfactory filaments CNS (ectoderm) cribiform plate sensory = Cranial Nerve II Other: Optic nerve Optic canal Special
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