GCSE History A: The Making of the Modern World

Transcription

1 If I had eight hours to chop down a tree, I would spend six hours sharpening my axe. Abraham Lincoln By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail. Benjamin Franklin GCSE History A: The Making of the Modern World CONTENT CHECKLIST Unit 1A International Relations: The Cold War Unit 2A Germany Unit 3A War and the Transformation of British Society c

2 UNIT 1 How did the Cold War develop? 1941 Grand Alliance created 1943 Tehran Conference 1945 Yalta Conference 1945 Potsdam Conference 1946 Churchill s Iron Curtain speech 1946 Long Telegram sent 1946 Novikov s Telegram sent 1947 Truman Doctrine announced 1947 Marshall Plan announced 1947 Cominform created Berlin Blockade/Airlift 1949 Comecon created 1949 West Germany and East Germany created 1949 Formation of NATO 1955 Warsaw Pact established 1956 Hungarian Uprising/Soviet invasion of Hungary Unit 1A International Relations: The Cold War Difference between capitalism and communism The three key meetings of the Grand Alliance Why trust was broken between the US and USSR during WW2 How the USSR and US viewed each other in 1946 Key features of the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan America s reasons for offering Marshall Aid Why Stalin established Cominform and Comecon Why Stalin blockaded West Berlin The impact of the Berlin Blockade The formation of NATO and arms race in the 40s and 50s What it was like living under Soviet rule in Hungary The causes and consequences of de-stalinisation Key features of the Soviet invasion of Hungary in 1956

3 UNIT 2 the three Cold War crises 1957 Russian scientists launch Sputnik 1 first man made satellite in space 1959 Geneva Summit 1959 Camp David Summit 1960 Paris Summit 1961 Vienna Summit 1961 Berlin Wall erected around West Berlin 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion 1962 Khrushchev sends nuclear missiles to Cuba 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis 13 days 1963 Hotline between Washington and Moscow created 1963 Limited Test Ban Treaty 1968 Prague Spring 1968 Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia Unit 1A International Relations: The Cold War The refugee problem facing Khrushchev Khrushchev s response to the refugee crisis 6 month ultimatum The failure of the four summits Khrushchev s ultimatum and Kennedy s preparation for war The reasons for the creation of the Berlin Wall Kennedy s response to the Berlin Wall s erection The development of the arms race between The effects of Cuba s revolution Khrushchev s decision to build missiles bases in Cuba How America learned of Khrushchev s plan The events of the Thirteen Days Short and long term consequences of the Cuban Missile Crisis Czechoslovakian opposition to Soviet control Dubcek s attitude to communism The events of the Prague Spring The Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia Brezhnev Doctrine America s reaction to the Soviet invasion

4 UNIT 1 why did the Cold War end? 1967 Outer Space Treaty 1968 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 1972 SALT Helsinki Conference 1978 Kabul Revolution 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan 1980 Carter Doctrine 1980 Moscow Olympic Games 1983 Reagan s Evil Empire speech 1983 Reagan proposes SDI 1984 LA Olympic Games 1985 Geneva Summit 1986 Chernobyl disaster 1987 Reykjavik Summit 1987 INF Treaty 1989 Communist government falls in Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia 1989 The fall of the Berlin Wall 1991 Warsaw Pact dissolved 1991 Gang of Eight remove Gorbachev from power 1991 Gorbachev resigns and announces the fall of the Soviet Union Unit 1A International Relations: The Cold War The treaties which show détente The Kabul Revolution The reasons for the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan President Carter s immediate reaction to the Soviet invasion Carter Doctrine Failure of the SALT II Treaty Olympic Games boycotts 1980 and 1984 End of détente Reagan s attitude to the Soviet Union and the Cold War Evil Empire speech Reagan s vision for SDI Problems created by SDI Gorbachev s vision for communism Gorbachev s new thinking Strengths and weaknesses of superpowers in 1985 Three summits and the INF Treaty Reasons for the changing relationship between the US and USSR Gorbachev s attitude to Eastern Europe The break-up of the Eastern Bloc The fall of the Berlin Wall and end of the Warsaw Pact The overthrow of President Gorbachev Gorbachev s final days in office The end of the Cold War

5 Key topic 1 - Weimar Republic Month & Nov 1918 Kaiser abdicated 11 Nov 1918 Armistice signed Jan 1919 Spartacist uprising 28 June 1919 Germans signed Treaty of Versailles August 1919 Weimar constitution created 1920 Kapp Putsch 1923 French invade the Ruhr Sept 1923 Nov 1923 Nov 1923 Apr 1924 Stresemann appointed Chancellor Rentenmark issued Munich Putsch Dawes Plan agreed 1925 Paul Von Hindenburg became President Oct 1925 Sept 1926 Aug 1928 Aug 1929 Locarno Pact signed Germany accepted into League of Nations Kellogg-Briand Pact signed Young Plan agreed Unit 2A Germany Treaty of Versailles terms and effects Reasons why Germans hated the treaty Terms and weaknesses of the Weimar constitution Bankruptcy of new German government The French occupation of the Ruhr Inflation and hyperinflation Political unrest in the Weimar Republic between Causes and events of the Munich Putsch in 1923 Stresemann s reforms to end the currency crisis Reducing reparations: the Dawes Plan and Young Plan Successes abroad: the League, Locarno, Kellogg-Briand Oct 1929 Stresemann died

6 Key topic 2 Hitler and the rise of the Nazi Party Month & Apr 1889 Jan 1919 Aug 1920 Adolf Hitler born German Workers Party (DAP) formed DAP become National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) 1921 Hitler becomes NSDAP s Fuhrer 1921 Sturmabteilung (SA) created Feb 1925 Nazi Party relaunched 1925 Mein Kampf first published 1925 Schutzstaffel (SS) set up October 1929 March 1932 April 1932 May 1932 Nov 1932 Wall Street Crash Hitler stood for election as president Bruning removed as chancellor Von Papen made chancellor of new coalition that included NSDAP Von Papen resigned, following election; replaced by Schleicher 30 Jan 1933 Hitler appointed chancellor Unit 2A Germany The German Workers Party when Hitler joined The early Nazi Party, its aims and early features, including the SA The effects of the Munich Putsch on the Nazi Party The political ideas of the Nazi Party after 1924 How Hitler improved the organisation and finance of the NSDAP The growth of the SA; the start of the SS Joseph Goebbels and Nazi propaganda Weak Nazi results in national elections How much and why support for the Nazis grows, Who supported the Nazis, Hitler standing for election as president A series of chancellors falling from power Hitler becoming chancellor in January 1933

7 Key topic 3 the Nazi dictatorship and consolidation of power Month & 27 Feb 1933 Reichstag building destroyed by fire 5 March 1933 Hitler gets two-thirds majority in election 24 March 1933 Enabling Act is passed March 1933 May 1933 July 1933 July 1933 January 1934 First Nazi concentration camp opened at Dachau Trade unions banned and strikes made illegal All political parties except NSDAP made illegal Concordat agreed with Pope Lander parliaments abolished 30 June 1934 Night of the Long Knives 2 August 1934 Death of President Hindenburg; Hitler declared Fuhrer 1934 Confessional Church established 1936 Olympic Games held in Berlin 1937 Martin Niemoller imprisoned in concentration camps for his religious activities Unit 2A Germany The Reichstag fire and election of March 1933 The Enabling Act, the banning of political parties and trade unions The Night of the Long Knives The death of President Hindenburg Himmler, the SS and the Gestapo Nazi concentration camps and the law courts Repression of the church in Nazi Germany How the Nazis used censorship to ban information and ideas which they didn t like How the Nazis used propaganda to publicise information and ideas which they wanted to promote.

8 Key topic 4 Nazi domestic policies Month & 1933 Law for the Encouragement of Marriage introduced 1933 DAF (German Labour Front) set up after trade unions abolished 1933 RAD (National Labour Service) set up 1933 Law passed allowing doctors to force sterilisation April 1933 April 1933 Sept 1933 Nazi boycotts of Jewish businesses begins Jews banned from government jobs Jews banned from inheriting land 1935 Lebensborn programme introduced 1935 Six months service in RAD became compulsory 1935 Laws against homosexuality strengthened May 1935 June 1935 Jews banned from the army Jews banned from restaurants 15 Sept 1935 Nuremburg Laws passed 1936 Hitler issued a secret memo regarding the Four Plan April 1938 July 1938 November 1938 Jan 1939 April 1939 Jews had to register all possessions Jews had to carry identity cards; Jewish doctors, dentists and lawyers forbidden to work for white Aryan Germans Kristallnacht Reich Office for Jewish Emigration set up Orders given to collect Gypsies for deportation 1939 Membership of Hitler Youth is made compulsory Unit 2A Germany Schools and youth movements in Nazi Germany Youth opposition to Hitler Nazi views on the role of women Nazi policies to increase marriage and childbirth Opposition to Nazi views on women Hitler s policies for German workers Hitler s policies for Germany s unemployed Hitler s policy of rearmament and its economic effects Rises in employment, wage levels and consumer spending Changes in working conditions Rises in prices The overall effect of the above three changes on living standards The persecution of the Jews and other minorities in Nazi Germany Nazi persecution of other minority groups

9 Key topic 1 The Liberals, votes for women and social reform c National Union of Women s Suffrage Societies formed (NUWSS) 1903 Women s Social and Political Union formed (WSPU) 1906 The Liberal Party win landslide victory in General Election 1906 Liberals pass School Meals Act 1907 Women s Freedom League (WFL) formed militant, but not illegal campaigns 1907 Liberals introduce School Medical Service 1908 Parliament consider passing a law giving women the vote, but do not do so 1908 National League for Opposing Women s Suffrage (NLOWS) formed Liberals introduced the Children and Young Persons Act of 1908 (Children s Charter) 1908 Liberals introduce Old Age Pensions Act 1909 Lloyd George introduced the People s Budget - to help elderly, the sick and unemployed Liberals introduce the Labour Exchange Act Liberals introduce the National Insurance Act Epsom Derby Emily Davison hit by king s horse 1913 Parliament pass the Prisoners (Temporary Discharge for Ill Health) Act (Cat and Mouse Act) 1914 Suffragettes call off their campaign when war breaks out 1918 Representation of the People Act women aged over 30 given right to vote and could become MPs 1928 Women were given the same voting rights as men (all women over 21 could vote) Unit 3A War and the Transformation of British Society c Suffragists and suffragettes Suffragette extremism Opposition to the suffragettes Rich and poor Measures to help children The Liberal government s social measures

10 Key topic 2 The part played by the British on the Western Front c Month & August 1914 September 1914 November 1914 April 1915 February 1916 July 1916 Beginning of war Battle of the Marne Schlieffen Plan fails Battle of Ypres beginning of war becoming a stalemate Germans launch first gas attack Battle of Verdun Battle of the Somme first use of tanks by British 1917 Battle of Cambrai tanks demonstrate success for the British April 1917 USA declare war on Germany 1918 Germans had developed armour piercing bullets March 1918 March 1918 November 1918 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed ending Russia s involvement in the war Ludendorff s offensive Armistice signed signaling the end of the First World War Unit 3A War and the Transformation of British Society c The beginning of the war Fighting on the Western Front Attempts to break the stalemate on the Western Front The failure of the British in the Battle of the Somme The failure of Ludendorff s offensive

11 Key topic 3: The Home Front and social change Month & August 1914 Defence of the Realm Act (DORA) introduced 1914 Secretary of state, Lord Kitchener comes up with idea of Pals battalions to help with recruitment into the army 1915 Munitions crisis government take control of coordinating the supply of materials e.g. metal, rubber, coal etc 1915 Derby Scheme men asked to promise that they would join the war effort if asked Feb 1915 July 1915 Germans announce that merchant shipping entering or leaving British waters would be sunk Germans have 21 U-boats Suffragettes organise a demonstration demanding their right to serve January 1916 Military Service Act CONSCRIPTION introduced to single men aged May 1916 Military Service Act scheme extended to married men 1916 Conscientious objectors form Non-Conscription Fellowship to oppose the war Late 1916 Food in Britain becomes scarce 1916 White bread banned because of a shortage of grain 1917 Government ask public to limit their consumption of meat 1917 Women allowed to work in the armed forces 1917 Germans have approximately 200 U-boats April 1917 Jan 1918 Britain only has 6 week s food supply left. Convoy system stop this (with the protection of Royal Naval destroyers) Rationing introduced. Sugar rationed and by May, margarine, jam, tea and butter had been added. Unit 3A War and the Transformation of British Society c Restrictions placed on the civilian population How the British army was recruited Opposition to conscription How the government dealt with food shortages The significant part played by women in the war

12 Month & 1910 Strikes by miners, cotton workers, boilermakers and railwaymen 1911 National rail strike and dockers strike in Liverpool broken up by government troops 1913 Triple Alliance formed between miners, railwaymen and transport workers 1918 Women aged 30 and over given vote 1918 Parliament Bill passed women allowed to become MPs 1918 Marie Stopes publishes information advocating birth control she is condemned by the Church and newspapers 1918/19 Police hold strikes against low wages 1919 General strike in Glasgow - 70,000 workers demonstrate 1921 More than 85 million working days lost to strikes March 1921 Mines returned back to private owners 1921 Oil prices had dropped by 50% of what they were the year before 15 April 1921 Black Friday Miners are not supported by Triple Alliance in the call for a General Strike 1923 Women could divorce their husband for adultery for the first time 1925 Price of coal drops again 31 July 1925 Prime minister, Stanley Baldwin announces 9 month subsidy to keep wages at their current level for 9 months July 1925 Key topic 4: Economic and social change Samuel Commission also set up 4 May 1926 General Strike begins 3 million workers take part 12 May 1926 TUC leaders call off General Strike 1927 Trades Dispute Act passed making it illegal for workers to come out on sympathy strikes 1928 Equal Franchise Act extends to vote to all women aged 21 and over Unit 3A War and the Transformation of British Society c The degree to which attitudes to women had changed Unrest in Britain in the early twentieth century Industrial unrest in Britain The outbreak of the General Strike The end of the General Strike