2014 Physician Quality Reporting System (PQRS) Measure Specifications Manual for Claims and Registry Reporting of Individual Measures

Transcription

1 2014 Physician Quality Reporting System (PQRS) Measure Specifications Manual for Claims and Registry Reporting of Individual Measures Utilized by Individual Eligible Professionals for Claims and Registry Reporting and Clinical Practices Participating in Group Practice Reporting Option (GPRO) for Registry Reporting 1 of 613

2 PQRS Introduction The measure specifications contained in this manual are intended for individual eligible professionals reporting via claims or registry and group practices reporting via registry for the 2014 Physician Quality Reporting System (PQRS). Measure specifications for measures groups reporting are included in a separate manual, 2014 Physician Quality Reporting System Measures Groups Specifications Manual, which can be accessed at: Instruments/PQRS/MeasuresCodes.html Group practices electing to participate in the PQRS group practice reporting option (GPRO). reporting PQRS via GPRO Web-Interface may access the GPRO Web Interface Narrative Specifications at: Instruments/PQRS/GPRO_Web_Interface.html Meaningful Use measure specifications can access electronic clinical quality measures (ecqms) at: Guidance/Legislation/EHRIncentivePrograms/ClinicalQualityMeasures.html Information regarding CG-CAHPS may be found at: Please note that this link is directed to the Accredited Care Organization webpage. There will be a separate PQRS CAHPS webpage available in spring Each measure is assigned a unique number. Measure numbers for 2014 PQRS represents a continuation in numbering from the 2013 measures. For 2014 PQRS measures that are continuing forward in the 2014 PQRS, measure specifications have been updated. In addition to the measure specifications manual, please refer to the 2014 Physician Quality Reporting System Implementation Guide for additional information essential in assisting eligible professionals understanding and submission of measures. This document can be accessed at: Instruments/PQRS/MeasuresCodes.html. Those who report satisfactorily for the 2014 program year may avoid the 2016 payment adjustment. Additional information on how to avoid future PQRS payment adjustments can be found through supporting documentation available on the CMS website: Initiatives-Patient-Assessment-Instruments/PQRS/. Eligible Professionals Eligible professionals submitting billable services on Part B claims for allowable Medicare Physician Fee Schedule (PFS) charges may report the quality action for selected PQRS quality measure(s). Providers not defined as eligible professionals in the Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006 or the Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act of 2008 are not eligible to participate in PQRS. A list of eligible professionals can be found on the PQRS website at: Assessment-Instruments/PQRS/How_To_Get_Started.html. Frequency and Performance Timeframes The measure instructions limit the frequency of reporting necessary in certain circumstances, such as for patients with chronic illness for whom a particular process of care is provided only periodically. Each individual eligible professional or group practices participating in 2014 PQRS should report according to the frequency and timeframe listed within each measure specification. 3 of 613

3 Denominator Codes (Eligible Cases) and Numerator Quality-Data Codes Quality measures consist of a numerator and a denominator that permit the calculation of the percentage of a defined patient population that receive a particular process of care or achieve a particular outcome. The denominator population may be defined by demographic information, certain International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) diagnosis (01/01/2014-9/30/2014), International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) diagnosis (10/01/ /31/2014), Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) and Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS) codes specified in the measure that are submitted by individual eligible professionals as part of a claim for covered services under the PFS for claims-based reporting. This same criteria is also applied for individual eligible professsionals and group practices who chose to report via a registry although this data is not necessarily submitted via a claim. If the specified denominator codes for a measure are not included on the patient s claim (for the same date of service) as submitted by the individual eligible professional, then the patient does not fall into the denominator population, and the PQRS measure does not apply to the patient. Likewise, if the specified denominator codes for a measure are not associated with a patient for an individual eligible professional or group practice submitting to a registry, then the patient does not fall into the denominator population, and the PQRS measure does not apply to the patient. Some measure specifications are adapted as needed for implementation in PQRS in agreement with the measure developer. For example, CPT codes for noncovered services such as preventive visits are not included in the denominator. PQRS measure specifications include specific instructions regarding CPT Category I modifiers, place of service codes, and other detailed information. Each eligible professional and group practice should carefully review the measure s denominator coding to determine whether codes submitted on a given claim or to a registry meet denominator inclusion criteria. If the patient does fall into the denominator population, the applicable Quality Data Codes or QDCs (CPT Category II codes or G-codes) that define the numerator should be submitted to satisfactorily report quality data for a measure for claims based reporting. When a patient falls into the denominator, but the measure specifications define circumstances in which a patient may be appropriately excluded, CPT Category II code modifiers such as 1P, 2P and 3P or quality-data codes are available to describe medical, patient, system, or other reasons for performance exclusion. When the performance exclusion does not apply, a measurespecific CPT Category II reporting modifier 8P or quality-data code may be used to indicate that the process of care was not provided for a reason not otherwise specified. Each measure specification provides detailed reporting information. Although a registry may or may not utilize these same QDCs, the numerator clinical concepts described for each measure are to be followed when submitting to a registry. G-codes that are are associated with billable charges and found within the denominator, within this reporting program, are refered to as HCPCS coding. G-codes that describe clinical outcomes or results and are found within the denominator are generally described as QDC s. For eligible professionals reporting individually, PQRS measures, including patient-level measure(s), may be reported for the same patient by multiple eligible professionals practicing under the same Tax Identification Number (TIN). If a patient sees multiple providers during the reporting period, that patient can be counted for each individual NPI reporting if the patient encounter(s) meet denominator inclusion. The following is an example of two provider NPIs (National Provider Identifiers), billing under the same TIN who are intending to report PQRS Measure #6: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Antiplatelet Therapy. Provider A sees a patient on February 2, 2014 and prescribes an aspirin and reports the appropriate quality-data code (QDC) for measure #6. Provider B sees the same patient at an encounter on July 16, 2014 and verifies that the patient has been prescribed and is currently taking an aspirin. Provider B must also report the appropriate QDCs for the patient at the July encounter to receive credit for reporting measure #6. 4 of 613

4 Eligible professionals reporting under a group practice selecting to participate in the PQRS group practice reporting option (GPRO) under the same Tax Identification Number (TIN), should be reporting on the same patient, when instructed within the chosen measure. For example, if reporting measure #130: Documentation of Current Medications in the Medical Record all eligible professionals under the same TIN would report each denominator eligible instance as instructed by this measure. If the group practice choses a measure that is required to be reported once per reporting period, then this measure should be reported at least once during the measure period by at least one eligible professional under the TIN. Measure #6: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Antiplatelet Therapy is an example of a measure that would be reported once per reporting period under the TIN. CMS recommends review of any measures that an individual eligible professional or group practice intend to report. Below is an example measure specification that will assist with satisfactorily reporting. For additional assistance please contact the QualityNet Help Desk at the following: QualityNet Help Desk Available Monday Friday; 7:00 AM 7:00 PM CST Phone: Qnetsupport@sdps.org Measure Specification Format (Refer to the Example Measure Specification Below) Measure title Reporting option available for each measure (claims-based and/or registry) Measure description Instructions on reporting including frequency, timeframes, and applicability Denominator statement and coding Numerator statement and coding options Definition(s) of terms where applicable Rationale statement for measure Clinical recommendations or evidence forming the basis for supporting criteria for the measure The Rationale and Clinical Recommendation Statements sections provide limited supporting information regarding the quality actions described in the measure. Please contact the measure owner for section references and further information regarding the clinical rational and recommendations for the described quality action. Measure owner contact information is located on the last page of the Measures List document, which can be accessed at: Instruments/PQRS/MeasuresCodes.html. CPT is a registered trademark of the American Medical Association. Applicable FARS/DFARS Apply to Government Use. Fee schedules, relative value units, conversion factors and/or related components are not assigned by the AMA, are not part of CPT, and the AMA is not recommending their use. The AMA does not directly or indirectly practice medicine or dispense medical services. The AMA assumes no liability for data contained or not contained herein. 5 of 613

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8 Measure #106 (NQF 0103): Adult Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): Comprehensive Depression Evaluation: Diagnosis and Severity 2014 PQRS OPTIONS F INDIVIDUAL MEASURES: CLAIMS, REGISTRY DESCRIPTION: Percentage of patients aged 18 years and older with a new diagnosis or recurrent episode of major depressive disorder (MDD) with evidence that they met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-5 criteria for MDD AND for whom there is an assessment of depression severity during the visit in which a new diagnosis or recurrent episode was identified INSTRUCTIONS: This measure is to be reported a minimum of once per reporting period for all patients with an active diagnosis of major depressive disorder seen during the reporting period, including episodes of MDD that began prior to the reporting period. This measure may be reported by clinicians who perform the quality actions described in the measure based on the services provided and the measure-specific denominator coding. Measure Reporting via Claims: ICD-9-CM/ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes, CPT codes, and patient demographics are used to identify patients who are included in the measure s denominator. Quality-data codes are used to report the numerator of the measure. When reporting the measure via claims, submit the listed ICD-9-CM/ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes, CPT codes, and the appropriate quality-data code(s). There are no allowable performance exclusions for this measure. All measurespecific coding should be reported on the claim(s) representing the eligible encounter. Measure Reporting via Registry: ICD-9-CM/ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes, CPT codes, and patient demographics are used to identify patients who are included in the measure s denominator. The listed numerator options are used to report the numerator of the measure. The quality-data codes listed do not need to be submitted for registry-based submissions; however, these codes may be submitted for those registries that utilize claims data. There are no allowable performance exclusions for this measure. DENOMINAT: All patients aged 18 years and older with a new diagnosis or recurrent episode of major depressive disorder (MDD) Denominator Criteria (Eligible Cases): Patients aged 18 years on date of encounter AND Diagnosis for MDD (ICD-9-CM) [for use 1/1/2014-9/30/2014]: , , , , , , , , , Diagnosis for MDD (ICD-10-CM) [for use 10/01/ /31/2014]: F32.0, F32.1, F32.2, F32.3, F32.9, F33.0, F33.1, F33.2, F33.3, F33.9 AND Patient encounter during the reporting period (CPT): 90791, 90792, 90832, 90834, 90837, 90845, 99201, 99202, 99203, 99204, 99205, 99212, 99213, 99214, 99215, 99281, 99282, 99283, 99284, NUMERAT: Patients with evidence that they met the DSM-5 criteria for MDD AND for whom there is an assessment of depression severity during the visit in which a new diagnosis or recurrent episode was identified 209 of 613

9 Definitions: MDD diagnosis (DSM-5) - For a diagnosis of MDD a patient must endorse five of nine symptoms, with one of those five being either 1) depressed mood or 2) loss of interest or pleasure. The other symptoms include significant weight loss or gain, or decrease or increase in appetite nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or guilt nearly every day; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; and recurrent thoughts of death or suicidal ideation. These symptoms must be present for a duration of 2 weeks or longer, represent a change from previous functioning, and cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. These symptoms must: Not be due to the physiological effects of a substanceor to another general medical condition Not be better explained by schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, delusional disorder, or other specified and unspecified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. Never have been accompanied by a manic or hypomanic episode Note: Responses to a significant loss (eg, bereavement, financial ruin, losses from a natural disaster, a serious medical illness or disability) may include the feelings of intense sadness, rumination about the loss, insomnia, poor appetite, and weight loss noted in the DSM-5 criteria, which may resemble a depressive episode. Although such symptoms may be understandable or considered appropriate to the loss, the presence of a major depressive episode in addition to the normal response to a significant loss should also be carefully considered. This decision inevitably requires the exercise of clinical judgment based on the individual s history and the cultural norms for the expression of distress in the context of loss. Severity According to DSM-IV-TR (2000), severity is judged to be mild, moderate, or severe based on the number of criteria symptoms, the severity of the symptoms, and the degree of functional disability and distress. See the Rationale and Clinical Recommendation Statements Sections for Supporting Guidelines and Other References for additional information on defining severity levels. (Note: DSM-5 does not address severity. As such, DSM-IV-TR is the most up to date resource to use for assessment of severity.) NUMERAT NOTES: For clinicians who use the term relapse, generally that refers to an episode of MDD that occurs within 6 months after either response or remission, which may be a variation on the initial episode. This measure is intended to capture either an initial or recurrent episode. This measure is intended for use by clinicians who are qualified to diagnose and treat depression. It can be helpful to use screening tools such as the PHQ-9 in order to substantiate the need for further evaluation and accurate diagnosis of MDD; however, simply using a tool alone would not constitute making a successful MDD diagnosis. A validated depression screening tool may include the PHQ-9, which is based on the DSM criteria for MDD. Other validated tools based on the DSM criteria may be available; this list is not intended to be all-inclusive. Please refer to the most recent version of the American Psychiatric Association s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) (version 5 as of 2013) for more information regarding diagnosing Major Depressive Disorder. 210 of 613

10 It is expected that an initial evaluation will occur during the visit in which a new diagnosis or recurrent episode was identified. F PATIENTS WHOSE EPISODE OF MDD BEGAN PRI TO THE CURRENT REPTING PERIOD: The clinician should report that DSM-5 criteria and depression severity was assessed during the visit in which the new diagnosis or recurrent episode was identified. Numerator Quality-Data Coding Options for Reporting Satisfactorily: DSM-5 Criteria for Major Depressive Disorder Documented (One CPT II code & one quality data code [1040F & G8930] are required on the claim form to submit this numerator option) 1040F: DSM-5 criteria for major depressive disorder documented at the initial evaluation AND G8930: Assessment of depression severity at the initial evaluation DSM-5 Criteria for Major Depressive Disorder not Documented, Reason not Otherwise Specified (One CPT II code [1040F-8P] or one quality data code [G8931] is required on the claim form to submit this numerator option) 1040F with 8P: DSM-5 criteria for major depressive disorder not documented at the initial evaluation, reason not otherwise specified G8931: Assessment of depression severity not documented, reason not given RATIONALE: Chronic depression often goes unrecognized and untreated. The recognition and appropriate treatment of MDD is dependent on a thorough diagnostic assessment and an evaluation of the degree of severity of the disorder. A diagnostic assessment can help clinicians tailor a patient s treatment to their needs. It can help clinicians rule-out general medical conditions or other psychiatric conditions which may be contributing to depressive symptomology. An assessment of severity can also help clinicians tailor a patient s treatment. As noted in clinical guidelines, treatment methods should vary by the severity of depression. A diagnostic evaluation should be instituted for all patients with major depressive disorder to determine whether a diagnosis of depression is warranted and to reveal the presence of other conditions that may have an impact on treatment. CLINICAL RECOMMENDATION STATEMENTS: The following evidence statements are quoted verbatim from the referenced clinical guidelines. Only selected portions of the clinical guidelines are quoted here; for more details, please refer to the full guideline. Patients should receive a thorough diagnostic assessment in order to establish the diagnosis of major depressive disorder, identify other psychiatric or general medical conditions that may require attention, and develop a comprehensive plan for treatment [I]. (APA, 2010) Criteria for Major Depressive Episode A. Five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either 1) depressed mood or 2) loss of interest or pleasure (do not include symptoms that are clearly attributable to another medical condition 1. Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day as indicated by either subjective report (eg, feels sad, empty, hopeless) or observation made by others (eg, appears tearful) 2. Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day (as indicated by either subjective account or observation) 3. Significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain (eg, a change of more than 5% body weight in a month), or decrease or increase in appetite nearly every day 4. Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day 211 of 613

11 5. Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day (observable by others, not merely subjective feelings of restlessness or being slowed down) 6. Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day 7. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt (which may be delusional) nearly every day (not merely self-reproach or guilt about being sick) 8. Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day (either by subjective account or as observed by others) 9. Recurrent thoughts of death (not just fear of dying), recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide B. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning C. The episode is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or to another medical condition Note: Criteria A-C represent a major depressive episode. Note: Responses to a significant loss (eg, bereavement, financial ruin, losses from a natural disaster, a serious medical illness or disability) may include the feelings of intense sadness, rumination about the loss, insomnia, poor appetite, and weight loss noted in Criterion A, which may resemble a depressive episode. Although such symptoms may be understandable or considered appropriate to the loss, the presence of a major depressive episode in addition to the normal response to a significant loss should also be carefully considered. This decision inevitably requires the exercise of clinical judgment based on the individual s history and the cultural norms for the expression of distress in the context of loss. In distinguishing grief from a major depressive episode (MDE), it is useful to consider that in grief the predominant affect is feelings of emptiness and loss, while in MDE it is persistent depressed mood and the inability to anticipate happiness or pleasure. The dysphoria in grief is likely to decrease in intensity over days to weeks and occurs in waves, the so-called pangs of grief. These waves tend to be associated with thoughts or reminders of the deceased. The depressed mood of MDE is more persistent and not tied to specific thoughts or preoccupations. The pain of grief may be accompanied by positive emotions and humor that are uncharacteristic of the pervasive unhappiness and misery characteristic of MDE. The thought content associated with grief generally features a preoccupation with thoughts and memories of the deceased, rather than the self-critical or pessimistic ruminations seen in MDE. In grief, self esteem is generally preserved whereas in MDE feelings of worthlessness and self loathing are common. If self derogatory ideation is present in grief, it typically involves perceived failings vis-a-vis the deceased (e.g., not visiting frequently enough, not telling the deceased how much he or she was loved). If a bereaved individual thinks about death and dying, such thoughts are generally focused on the deceased and possibly about joining the deceased, whereas in MDE such thoughts are focused on ending one's own life because of feeling worthless, undeserving of life, or unable to cope with the pain of depression. D. The occurrence of the major depressive episode is not better explained by schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, delusional disorder, or other specified and unspecified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. E. There has never been a manic episode or a hypomanic episode. Note: This exclusion does not apply if all of the manic-like or hypomanic-like episodes are substance induced or are attributable to the physiological effects of another medical condition. (DSM-5, 2013) Major depressive disorder can alter functioning in numerous spheres of life including work, school, family, social relationships, leisure activities, or maintenance of health and hygiene. The psychiatrist (clinician) should evaluate the patient s activity in each of these domains and determine the presence, type, severity, and chronicity of any dysfunction [I]. (APA, 2010) 212 of 613

12 In developing a treatment plan, interventions should be aimed at maximizing the patient s level of functioning as well as helping the patient to set specific goals appropriate to his or her functional impairments and symptom severity [I]. (APA, 2010) If criteria are currently met for the major depressive episode, it can be classified as Mild, Moderate, Severe Without Psychotic Features, or Severe with Psychotic Features. [The fifth digit (in the diagnostic codes for Major Depressive Disorder) indicates the severity as follows: 1 for mild severity, 2 for moderate severity, 3 for severe without psychotic features, and 4 for severe with psychotic features.] (DSM-IV-TR, 2000) Severity is judged to be mild, moderate, or severe based on the number of criteria symptoms, the severity of the symptoms, and the degree of functional disability and distress. (DSM-IV-TR, 2000) Mild episodes are characterized by the presence of only five or six depressive symptoms and either mild disability or the capacity to function normally but with substantial and unusual effort. Episodes that are Severe Without Psychotic Features are characterized by the presence of most of the criteria symptoms and clear-cut, observable disability (eg, inability to work or care for children). Moderate episodes have a severity that is intermediate between mild and severe. [Severe With Psychotic Features] indicates the presence of either delusions or hallucinations (typically auditory). The clinician can indicate the nature of the psychotic features by specifying With Mood- Congruent Features [ie, content of the delusions or hallucinations are consistent with the depressive themes] or With Mood-Incongruent Features (ie, content of the delusions or hallucinations has no apparent relationship to depressive themes). 213 of 613

13 Measure #107 (NQF 0104): Adult Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): Suicide Risk Assessment 2014 PQRS OPTIONS F INDIVIDUAL MEASURES: CLAIMS, REGISTRY DESCRIPTION: Percentage of patients aged 18 years and older with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) with a suicide risk assessment completed during the visit in which a new diagnosis or recurrent episode was identified INSTRUCTIONS: This measure is to be reported a minimum of once during the reporting period for all patients with an active diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) seen individually during the reporting period, including episodes of MDD that began prior to the reporting period. This measure may be reported by clinicians who perform the quality actions described in the measure based on the services provided and the measure-specific denominator coding. Measure Reporting via Claims: ICD-9-CM/ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes, CPT codes, and patient demographics are used to identify patients who are included in the measure s denominator. Quality-data codes are used to report the numerator of the measure. When reporting the measure via claims, submit the listed ICD-9-CM/ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes, CPT codes, and the appropriate quality-data code. There are no allowable performance exclusions for this measure. All measurespecific coding should be reported on the claim(s) representing the eligible encounter. Measure Reporting via Registry: ICD-9-CM/ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes, CPT codes, and patient demographics are used to identify patients who are included in the measure s denominator. The listed numerator options are used to report the numerator of the measure. The quality-data codes listed do not need to be submitted for registry-based submissions; however, these codes may be submitted for those registries that utilize claims data. There are no allowable performance exclusions for this measure. DENOMINAT: All patients aged 18 years and older with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) Denominator Criteria (Eligible Cases): Patients aged 18 years on date of encounter AND Diagnosis for MDD (ICD-9-CM) [for use 1/1/2014-9/30/2014]: , , , , , , , , , Diagnosis for MDD (ICD-10-CM) [for use 10/01/ /31/2014]: F32.0, F32.1, F32.2, F32.3, F32.9, F33.0, F33.1, F33.2, F33.3, F33.9 AND Patient encounter during the reporting period (CPT): 90791, 90792, 90832, 90834, 90837, 90845, 99201, 99202, 99203, 99204, 99205, 99212, 99213, 99214, 99215, 99281, 99282, 99283, 99284, NUMERAT: Patients with a suicide risk assessment completed during the visit in which a new diagnosis or recurrent episode was identified Definition: Suicide risk assessment - Must include questions about the following: 214 of 613

14 1) Suicidal ideation 2) Patient s intent of initiating a suicide attempt AND, if either is present, 3) Patient plans for a suicide attempt 4) Whether the patient has means for completing suicide NUMERAT NOTE: It is expected that an initial evaluation will occur during the visit in which a new diagnosis or recurrent episode was identified. Numerator Quality-Data Coding Options for Reporting Satisfactorily: Suicide Risk Assessed G8932: Suicide risk assessed at the initial evaluation Suicide Risk not Assessed, Reason not Given G8933: Suicide risk not assessed at the initial evaluation, reason not given RATIONALE: Research has shown that more than 90% of people who kill themselves have depression or another diagnosable mental or substance abuse disorder. Depression is the cause of over two-thirds of the reported suicides in the U.S. each year. The intent of this measure is for a clinician to assess suicide risk at initial intake or at the visit in which depression was diagnosed. As the guidelines state, it is important to assess for additional factors which may increase or decrease suicide risk, such as presence of additional symptoms (eg, psychosis, severe anxiety, hopelessness, severe chronic pain); presence of substance abuse, history and seriousness of previous attempts, particularly, recent suicidal behavior, current stressors and potential protective factors (eg, positive reasons for living, strong social support), family history of suicide or mental illness or recent exposure to suicide, impulsivity and potential for risk to others, including history of violence or violent or homicidal ideas, plans, or intentions, and putting one s affairs in order (eg, giving away possessions, writing a will). In addition, although the measure focuses on the initial visit, it is critical that suicide risk be monitored especially for the 90 days following the initial visit and throughout MDD treatment. CLINICAL RECOMMENDATION STATEMENTS: The following evidence statements are quoted verbatim from the referenced clinical guidelines. Only selected portions of the clinical guidelines are quoted here; for more details, please refer to the full guideline. A careful and ongoing evaluation of suicide risk is necessary for all patients with major depressive disorder [I]. (APA, 2010) Such an assessment includes specific inquiry about suicidal thoughts, intent, plans, means, and behaviors; identification of specific psychiatric symptoms (eg, psychosis, severe anxiety, substance use) or general medical conditions that may increase the likelihood of acting on suicidal ideas; assessment of past and, particularly, recent suicidal behavior; delineation of current stressors and potential protective factors (eg, positive reasons for living, strong social support); and identification of any family history of suicide or mental illness [I]. (APA, 2010) As part of the assessment process, impulsivity and potential for risk to others should also be evaluated, including any history of violence or violent or homicidal ideas, plans, or intentions [I]. (APA, 2010) The patient s risk of harm to him- or herself and to others should also be monitored as treatment proceeds [I]. (APA, 2010) Guidelines for Selecting a Treatment Setting for Patients at Risk for Suicide or Suicidal Behaviors (from APA s Practice Guideline for Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Suicidal Behaviors-2010, Downloaded from on 6/25/12): Admission generally indicated 215 of 613

15 After a suicide attempt or aborted suicide attempt if: Patient is psychotic Attempt was violent, near-lethal, or premeditated Precautions were taken to avoid rescue or discovery Persistent plan and/or intent is present Distress is increased or patient regrets surviving Patient is male, older than age 45 years, especially with new onset of psychiatric illness or suicidal thinking Patient has limited family and/or social support, including lack of stable living situation Current impulsive behavior, severe agitation, poor judgment, or refusal of help is evident Patient has change in mental status with a metabolic, toxic, infectious, or other etiology requiring further workup in a structured setting In the presence of suicidal ideation with: Specific plan with high lethality High suicidal intent Admission may be necessary [In addition to the list above, these additional circumstances may warrant admission] After a suicide attempt or aborted suicide attempt In the presence of suicidal ideation with: Psychosis Major psychiatric disorder Past attempts, particularly if medically serious Possibly contributing medical condition (eg, acute neurological disorder, cancer, infection) Lack of response to or inability to cooperate with partial hospital or outpatient treatment Need for supervised setting for medication trial or ECT Need for skilled observation, clinical tests, or diagnostic assessments that require a structured setting Limited family and/or social support, including lack of stable living situation Lack of an ongoing clinician-patient relationship or lack of access to timely outpatient follow-up Evidence of putting one s affairs in order (eg, giving away possessions, writing a will) In the absence of suicide attempts or reported suicidal ideation/plan/intent but evidence from the psychiatric evaluation and/or history from others suggests a high level of suicide risk and a recent acute increase in risk. Release from emergency department with follow-up recommendations may be possible After a suicide attempt or in the presence of suicidal ideation/plan when: Suicidality is a reaction to precipitating events (eg, exam failure, relationship difficulties), particularly if the patient s view of situation has changed since coming to emergency department Plan/method and intent have low lethality Patient has stable and supportive living situation Patient is able to cooperate with recommendations for follow-up, with treater contacted, if possible, if patient is currently in treatment Outpatient treatment may be more beneficial than hospitalization Patient has chronic suicidal ideation and/or self-injury without prior medically serious attempts, if a safe and supportive living situation is available and outpatient psychiatric care is ongoing. 216 of 613

16 Measure #128 (NQF 0421): Preventive Care and Screening: Body Mass Index (BMI) Screening and Follow-Up 2014 PQRS OPTIONS F INDIVIDUAL MEASURES: CLAIMS, REGISTRY DESCRIPTION: Percentage of patients aged 18 years and older with a documented BMI during the current encounter or during the previous six months AND when the BMI is outside of normal parameters, a follow-up plan is documented during the encounter or during the previous six months of the encounter. Normal Parameters: Age 65 years and older BMI 23 and < 30 Age years BMI 18.5 and < 25 INSTRUCTIONS: This measure is to be reported a minimum of once per reporting period for patients seen during the reporting period. The most recent quality code submitted will be used for performance calculation. There is no diagnosis associated with this measure. This measure may be reported by eligible professionals who perform the quality actions described in the measure based on the services provided at the time of the qualifying visit and the measurespecific denominator coding. The BMI documented in the medical record may be reported if done in the provider s office/facility or if a BMI is documented within the previous six months in outside medical records obtained by the provider. If the most recent documented BMI is outside of normal parameters, then a follow-up plan must be documented within six months of the abnormal BMI. The documented follow-up interventions must be related to the BMI outside of normal parameters, example: Patient referred to nutrition counseling for BMI above normal parameters. Measure Reporting via Claims: CPT codes or HCPCS codes, and patient demographics are used to identify patients who are included in the measure s denominator. Quality-data codes are used to report the numerator of the measure. When reporting the measure via claims, submit the listed CPT or HCPCS codes, and the appropriate numerator quality-data code. All measure-specific coding should be reported on the claim(s) representing the eligible encounter. Measure Reporting via Registry: CPT codes or HCPCS codes, and patient demographics are used to identify patients who are included in the measure s denominator. The listed numerator options are used to report the numerator of the measure. The quality-data codes listed do not need to be submitted for registry-based submissions; however, these codes may be submitted for those registries that utilize claims data. DENOMINAT: All patients aged 18 years and older NUMERAT: Denominator Criteria (Eligible Cases): Patients aged >18 years on date of encounter AND Patient encounter during the reporting period (CPT or HCPCS): 90791, 90792, 90832, 90834, 90837, 90839, 96150, 96151, 96152, 97001, 97003, 97802, 97803, 98960, 99201, 99202, 99203, 99204, 99205, 99212, 99213, 99214, 99215, D7140, D7210, G0101, G0108, G0270, G0271, G0402, G0438, G0439, G of 613

17 Patients with a documented BMI during the encounter or during the previous six months, AND when the BMI is outside of normal parameters, follow-up is documented during the encounter or during the previous six months of the encounter with the BMI outside of normal parameters Numerator Instructions: An eligible professional or their staff is required to measure both height and weight. Both the height and the weight must be measured within the same six months. Self-reported values cannot be used. The documentation of a follow-up plan must be based on the most recent documented BMI within the previous six months Definitions: BMI Body mass index (BMI), is a number calculated using the Quetelet index: weight divided by height squared (W/H2) and is commonly used to classify weight categories. BMI can be calculated using: Metric Units: BMI = Weight (kg) / (Height (m) x Height (m)) English Units: BMI = Weight (lb) / (Height (in) x Height (in)) x 703 Follow-Up Plan Proposed outline of treatment to be conducted as a result of a BMI out of normal parameters. A follow-up may include but is not limited to: documentation education, a referral (e.g., a registered dietician, nutritionist, occupational therapist, physical therapist, primary care provider, exercise physiologist, mental health professional, or surgeon), pharmacological interventions, dietary supplements, exercise counseling, or nutrition counseling. Not Eligible for BMI Calculation or Follow-Up Plan A patient is not eligible if one or more of the following reasons are documented: Patient is receiving palliative care Patient is pregnant Patient refuses BMI measurement (refuses height and/or weight) Any other reason documented in the medical record by the provider why BMI calculation or follow-up plan was not appropriate Patient is in an urgent or emergent medical situation where time is of the essence, and to delay treatment would jeopardize the patient s health status Numerator Quality-Data Coding Options for Reporting Satisfactorily: BMI Documentedas Normal, No Follow-Up Plan Required (One quality-data code [G8417, G8418 or G8420] is required on the claim form to submit this numerator option) G8420: BMI is documented within normal parameters and no follow-up plan is required BMI Documented as Above Normal Parameters, AND Follow-Up Documented G8417: BMI is documented above normal parameters and a follow-up plan is documented BMI Documented as Below Normal Parameters, AND Follow-Up Documented G8418: BMI is documented below normal parameters and a follow-up plan is documented BMI not Documented, Patient not Eligible (One quality-data code [G8422 or G8938] is required on the claim form to submit this numerator option) G8422: BMI not documented, documentation the patient is not eligible for BMI calculation BMI Documented Outside of Normal Limits, Follow-up Plan not Documented, Patient not Eligible 259 of 613

18 G8938: BMI is documented as being outside of normal limits, follow-up plan is not documented, documentation the patient is not eligible BMI not Documented, Reason not Given (One quality-data code [G8419 or G8421] is required on the claim form to submit this numerator option) G8421: BMI not documented and no reason is given BMI Documented Outside of Normal Parameters, Follow-Up Plan not Documented, Reason not Given G8419: BMI documented outside normal parameters, no follow-up plan documented, no reason given RATIONALE: BMI Above Upper Parameters Obesity continues to be a costly public health concern in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that in 2009, no state met the Healthy People 2010 obesity target of 15 percent and the self reported overall prevalence of obesity among adults had increased 1.1 percentage points in 2007 to 26.7 percent (2010). Flegal, Carroll, Kit and Ogden (2012) reported the prevalence of BMI-defined obesity in adults is high and continues to exceed 30% in most sex-age groups. In addition to the continued high prevalence rate for adults in general, there has been a significant increase for men and for non-hispanic black and Mexican American women over the 12-year period from 1999 through 2010 (2012). Moyer (2012) reported: Obesity is associated with such health problems as an increased risk for coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, various types of cancer, gallstones and disability. These comorbid medical conditions are associated with higher use of health care services and costs among obese patients (p. 373). Obesity is also associated with an increased risk of death, particularly in adults younger than age 65 years and has been shown to reduce life expectancy by 6 to 20 years depending on age and race (LeBlanc et al., 2011). Finkelstein, Trogdon, Cohen and Dietz (2009) found that in 2006, across all payers, per capita medical spending for the obese is $1,429 higher per year, (42 percent) than for someone of normal weight. Using 2008 dollars, this was estimated to be equivalent to $147 billion dollars in medical care costs related to obesity. In addition to a high prevalence rate of obesity, less than 50% of obese adults in 2010 received advice to exercise or perform physical activity (Barnes & Schoenborn, 2012). BMI Below Normal Parameters In the National Center for Health Statistics Health E-Stat, Fryer and Ogden reported that poor nutrition or underlying health conditions can result in underweight. Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANE), using measured heights and weights, indicate an estimated 1.7% of U.S. adults are underweight with women more likely to be underweight than men (2012). Ranhoff, Gjoen and Mowe (2005) recommended using BMI < 23 for the elderly to identify positive results with malnutrition screens and poor nutritional status. CLINICAL RECOMMENDATION STATEMENTS: Although multiple clinical recommendations addressing obesity have been developed by professional organizations, societies and associations, two recommendations have been identified which exemplify the intent of the measure and address the numerator and denominator. The US Preventive Health Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening all adults (aged 18 years and older) for obesity. Clinicians should offer or refer patients with a BMI of 30 or higher to intensive, multicomponent behavioral interventions. This is a B recommendation (Moyer, 2012) 260 of 613

19 As cited in Wilkinson et al. (2012), Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement (ICSI) Preventive Services for Adults, Obesity Screening (Level II) Recommendation provides the following guidance: Record height, weight and calculate body mass index at least annually A BMI greater or equal to 30 is defined as obese A BMI of is defined as overweight Intensive intervention for obese individuals, based on BMI, is recommended by the U.S. Preventive Services to help control weight. 261 of 613

20 Measure #130 (NQF 0419): Documentation of Current Medications in the Medical Record 2014 PQRS OPTIONS F INDIVIDUAL MEASURES: CLAIMS, REGISTRY DESCRIPTION: Percentage of visits for patients aged 18 years and older for which the eligible professional attests to documenting a list of current medications using all immediate resources available on the date of the encounter. This list must include ALL known prescriptions, over-the-counters, herbals, and vitamin/mineral/dietary (nutritional) supplements AND must contain the medications name, dosage, frequency and route of administration INSTRUCTIONS: This measure is to be reported each visit during the 12 month reporting period. Eligible professionals meet the intent of this measure by making their best effort to document a current, complete and accurate medication list during each encounter. There is no diagnosis associated with this measure. This measure may be reported by eligible professionals who perform the quality actions described in the measure based on the services provided and the measure-specific denominator coding. Measure Reporting via Claims: CPT or HCPCS codes and patient demographics are used to identify visits that are included in the measure s denominator. Quality-data codes are used to report the numerator of the measure. When reporting the measure via claims, submit the CPT or HCPCS codes, and the appropriate numerator qualitydata code. All measure-specific coding should be reported on the claim(s) representing the eligible encounter. Measure Reporting via Registry: CPT or HCPCS codes and patient demographics are used to identify visits that are included in the measure s denominator. The listed numerator options are used to report the numerator of the measure. The quality-data codes listed do not need to be submitted for registry-based submissions; however, these codes may be submitted for those registries that utilize claims data. DENOMINAT: All visits for patients aged 18 years and older Denominator Criteria (Eligible Cases): Patients aged 18 years on date of encounter AND Patient encounter during the reporting period (CPT or HCPCS): 90791, 90792, 90832, 90834, 90837, 90839, 90957, 90958, 90959, 90960, 90962, 90965, 90966, 92002, 92004, 92012, 92014, 92507, 92508, 92526, 92541, 92542, 92543, 92544, 92545, 92547, 92548, 92557, 92567, 92568, 92570, 92585, 92588, 92626, 96116, 96150, 96152, 97001, 97002, 97003, 97004, 97110, 97140, 97532, 97802, 97803, 97804, 98960, 98961, 98962, 99201, 99202, 99203, 99204, 99205, 99212, 99213, 99214, 99215, 99221, 99222, 99223, 99324, 99325, 99326, 99327, 99328, 99334, 99335, 99336, 99337, 99341, 99342, 99343, 99344, 99345, 99347, 99348, 99349, 99350, 99495, 99496, G0101, G0108, G0270, G0402, G0438, G0439 NUMERAT: Eligible professional attests to documenting, updating or reviewing a patient s current medications using all immediate resources available on the date of encounter. This list must include ALL prescriptions, over-the counters, herbals, and vitamin/mineral/dietary (nutritional) supplements AND must contain the medications name, dosages, frequency and route of administration 262 of 613

21 Definitions: Current Medications - Medications the patient is presently taking including all prescriptions, over-thecounters, herbals and vitamin/mineral/dietary (nutritional) supplements with each medication s name, dosage, frequency and administered route. Route - Documentation of the way the medication enters the body (some examples include but are not limited to: oral, sublingual, subcutaneous injections, and/or topical) Not Eligible - A patient is not eligible if the following reason is documented: Patient is in an urgent or emergent medical situation where time is of the essence and to delay treatment would jeopardize the patient s health status NUMERAT NOTE: The eligible professional must document in the medical record they obtained, updated, or reviewed a medication list on the date of the encounter. Eligible professionals reporting this measure may document medication information received from the patient, authorized representative(s), caregiver(s) or other available healthcare resources. G8427 should be reported if the eligible professional documented that the patient is not currently taking any medications Numerator Quality-Data Coding Options for Reporting Satisfactorily: Current Medications Documented G8427: Eligible professional attests to documenting in the medical record they obtained, updated, or reviewed the patient s current medications Current Medications not Documented, Patient not Eligible G8430: Eligible professional attests to documenting in the medical record the patient is not eligible for a current list of medications being obtained, updated, or reviewed by the eligible professional Current Medications with Name, Dosage, Frequency, or Route not Documented, Reason not Given G8428: Current list of medications not documented as obtained, updated, or reviewed by the eligible professional, reason not given RATIONALE: In the American Medical Association s (AMA) Physician s Role in Medication Reconciliation (2007), critical patient information, including medical and medication histories, current medications the patient is receiving and taking, and sources of medications, is essential to the delivery of safe medical care. However, interruptions in the continuity of care and information gaps in patient health records are common and significantly affect patient outcomes. Consequently, clinical judgments may be based on incomplete, inaccurate, poorly documented or unavailable information about the patient and his or her medication. Medication safety efforts have primarily focused on hospitals; however, the majority of health care services are provided in the outpatient setting where two-thirds of physician visits result in writing at least one prescription (Stock et al., 2009). Chronically ill patients are increasingly being treated as outpatients, many of whom take multiple medications requiring close monitoring (Nassaralla et al., 2007). Adverse drug events (ADEs) prove to be more fatal in outpatient settings (1 of 131 outpatient deaths) than in hospitals (1 of 854 inpatient deaths) (Nassaralla et al., 2007). According to The Commonwealth Fund report (2010) about 11 to 15 of every 1,000 Americans visit a health care provider because of ADEs in a given year, representing about three to four of every 1,000 patient visits during 1995 to The total number of visits to treat ADEs increased from 2.9 million in 1995 to 4.3 million visits in ADEs in the ambulatory setting substantially increased the healthcare costs of elderly persons and estimated costs of $1,983 per case. Further findings of The Commonwealth Fund studies additionally identified 11% to 28% of the 4.3 million VADEs in 2001 might have been prevented with improved systems of care and better patient education, 263 of 613