Commercial Internet Mapping Impacts on Government Investments in GIS. Wansoo Im, Ph.D. VERTICES, LLC New Brunswick, NJ

Transcription

1 Commercial Internet Mapping Impacts on Government Investments in GIS Wansoo Im, Ph.D. VERTICES, LLC New Brunswick, NJ

2 Acknowledgements: Research funded by the Korean Land Spatialization Group Principal Investigators: Wansoo Im, VERTICES, LLC. Twyla McDermott, City of Charlotte

3 Presentation Overview Government Sector SDI investments Current Initiatives & Market Forces Interoperability Data Sharing Standards FOSS: Free and Open Source Software The advent of commercial APIs Public Expectations Ubiquitous Nature Ease of operations Investment Impacts: Survey Results Research Horizon Questions & Discussion

4 Commercial Internet applications like Google Maps, Google Earth and Microsoft Virtual Earth are having a significant impact on the GIS industry by exposing the power of spatial data to the general public through their friendly user interfaces and easily accessible application programming interfaces (API).

5 How we defined Commercial Internet Mapping in this presentation Providing Map Services (designing, implementing, generating, and delivering maps) via World Wide Web Free Web Mapping Service Application provide by Commercial Companies Satellite View Street View Extensibility and Customization via API Such as Google Maps & Google Earth, Microsoft Virtual Earth and others

6 Our research focused on how these open map API technologies affect government investments in geospatial data development and geospatial services. - An online survey of agencies representing various North American governmental sectors (federal, state/provincial, county, municipal and agency levels) was conducted -

7 Government Sector Investments in the National Spatial Data Infrastructure Federal Government Land Registry Census State Governments Natural Resource Inventories Local Governments Tax Assessment Orthoimagery Addresses for E-911 Other Regional Governments Planning Disaster Preparedness, Response & Recovery

8 What is Happening in the Government GIS Sector Interoperability Interoperability Interoperability Interoperability

9 North Carolina: NC ONE Map

10 For example, Benefits of NCOneMap Access through one location to the most up-to-date geospatial data Instant availability of multi-jurisdictional data Data distribution costs lessened for participating governments Public investment leveraged for maximum effect More than one million dollars in cost-shares for local government orthoimagery Focus on common data framework and standards Forum for the NC GIS community to raise issues and solve problems together from NCOneMap website

11 USGS Geography: The National Map

12 Commercial Internet Map APIs: Google Maps/Google Earth & Microsoft Virtual Earth Seamless area coverage Availability of NSDI Layers: Streets Orthoimagery Other Spatial data Access to GIS functionality Fast & reliable Familiar, user-friendly interface And it s free!

13 Examples of Open Map APIs at the Government National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) Images copied from

14 New Jersey Point of Interest (NJPOI)

15

16

17

18 New Jersey Highlands Council Interactive Maps

19

20

21

22 Bedminster Township, New Jersey Easement section

23

24 Application Development Based Based on on Interoperability Google Map USGS Microsoft Virtual Map NOAA WebGIS Application Via Interoperability User Created Content USEPA Local Government

25 Survey on Commercial Internet Mapping Impacts on Government GIS Data Development and Services Online Survey Conducted June 2008 Distributed to URISA members and other GIS professionals 310 Responded 97.7% were currently employed as permanent or contract staff 1.3% were recently employed (within past 6 months) 1.0% (none of the above -didn t fill out the remainder of the survey)

26 Distribution of Survey Respondents

27 Organization Type

28 Survey Respondent Position Response Percent Chief Information Officer 0.3 % IT Manager/Director 4.0 % GIS Manager/Director/Geographic Information Officer 32.7 % GIS Coordinator 19.5 % GIS Analyst/GIS Specialist/ Senior GIS Analysts 21.9 % GIS Programmer/Programmer Analyst 3.0 % GIS Database Administrator 1.3 % Business Analyst/Management Analyst 1.0 % GIS Technician/Cartographer/Mapping Specialist/Address Specialist 5.1 % Cadastral Map Specialist/Land Records Map Specialist 0.7 % Other(s) 10.4 %

29 Role and scope of daily work activities Response Percent Mapping and Analysis 78.9 % GIS Application Development, including web-based mapping 51.8 % GIS Project Management 76.9 % GIS Program Management 62.5 % Strategic Planning 61.9 % Database Maintenance (i.e. addresses, cadastral maps, etc.) 67.2 % Staff Supervision 55.5 % Budgeting and Financial Management 50.5 % Standards Development 61.2 % Policy Development 57.9 %

30 Are street or imagery data used in your organization?

31 How do you obtain your street and imagery data?

32 Do you have a data sharing arrangement of any nature that involves streets and/or imagery data? Consortium of regional municipalities/agencies Data/cost sharing with multiple levels of government Data/cost sharing with other types of organizations e.g. school district Adjoining counties/municipalities Contract with commercial data companies (Navtec, Teleatlas) Provide data for free

33 How often are your street and imagery data updated? Street Imagery Daily 27.9% 0.6% Weekly 7.8% 0.0% Monthly 14.5% 0.0% Quarterly 8.4% 0.0% Yearly 16.8% 22.7% Every two years 3.9% 31.5% More than two years 2.2% 34.8% As needed 18.4% 10.5%

34 What are costs associated with your data in cost per cycle (in USD)? Average Amount Median Amount Streets (Initial Investment) $ 89,000 $ 39,000 Streets (Recurring Maintenance or Licensing) $ 36,000 $ 15,000 Imagery (Initial Investment) $ 1,879,000 $ 127,500 Imagery (recurring maintenance or Licensing) $ 96,000 $ 37,500

35 How is your street and imagery data funded? Street Imagery General Fund 46.0% 31.1% Grants 2.9% 3.4% Revenue Fund 4.4% 5.4% Shared 4.4% 8.8% Combined (at least two from above) 9.5% 19.6% Free 2.9% 2.0% Others 29.9% 29.7%

36 How do you disseminate or share your digital GIS data? (Check all that apply) Response Percent Upon request as digital files, such as DVD, CD, hard drive, etc % Downloads from website or FTP site 58.4 % Views via Internet mapping application(s) 47.8 % Do not distribute digital data 5.3 % Other(s) 9.7 %

37 Do you provide web-based GIS applications? Examples of web-based GIS applications include tax property information look-ups and voting precinct identification via a map interface.

38 For the web-based applications your agency has implemented, please specify: the application type(s) and who the users of the systems are. Public Safety (Police, Fire, Homeland Security, etc.) Environment (Water Quality, Air Quality, Park& Recreation, etc.) Internal Staff Use Only External Selected Users (requires login) External General Public Users Response Count 78.3 % 13.8 % 35.5 % 100 % (138) 64.8 % 14.8 % 69.5 % 100 % (128) Real Property Ownership 67.2 % 17.8 % 68.9 % 100 % (180) Transportation 68.3 % 12.9 % 66.9 % 100 % (139) Land Development 68.3 % 12.9 % 66.9 % 100 % (138) Inspections and Permits 72.5 % 18.1 % 65.2 % 100 % (100) Capital Projects 80.0 % 19.0 % 39.0 % 100 % (71) Public Works (Utilities) 85.9 % 9.9 % 43.7 % 100 % (121) Economic Development 71.7 % 12.0 % 60.9 % 100 % (92) Voting: Precincts and/or Election Results Reporting 63.4 % 14.6 % 84.1 % 100 % (82) Other(s) 63.2 % 14.6 % 84.1 % 100 % (57)

39 Please identify the technology platform(s) for your webbased application in terms of software components (such as ESRI ArcGIS Server, Google Maps API, etc.)

40 What kinds of spatial database are you using for your Internet mapping?

41 How do you host your web-based GIS applications?

42 By whom was your Internet mapping application developed (or will be developed)?

43 Please indicate the factors that led to the solution approach.

44 Please indicate the tangible benefits for your webbased applications (i.e. improvements that can be measured or quantified in terms of cost or time).

45 Were there specific technical and organizational challenges either during development, implementation or after going-live?

46 Do you currently use Google Maps API (Google Earth) or MS Virtual Earth API or plan to implement these in the future?

47 If you use publicly available GIS Internet applications like Google Maps/Earth and/or Microsoft Virtual Earth, do you have a data sharing agreement with Google or Microsoft?

48 If you answered yes to the previous question, why did your organization enter into a data sharing agreement with Google and/or Microsoft?

49 If you either plan or currently use publicly available map APIs, please indicate why this choice was made.

50 If you either plan or currently use publicly available map APIs, please tell us what kinds of map APIs you are using or planning to use.

51 How are you planning to integrate the map API with your GIS data?

52 If you currently integrate data from your GIS server or image server with a map API (also known as a Hybrid Model), what kinds of technology do you use?

53 Has the advent of publicly available Internet map APIs like Google Maps/MS Virtual Earth affected the direction of GIS investments for data, visualization and dissemination? Getting a few less map requests than used to due to Google Maps User expectations and skill level is based on internet maps Our customers really don t understand what it takes to create geospatial applications It has changed the way we look at user interaction with the site It has increased the demand for web-based mapping services and applications

54 My boss has indicated that it has made it difficult to acquire funds for imagery because the powers that be see the imagery on Google Earth and think that is good enough. - from a survey respondent

55 Please select any concerns/risks associated with the use of a publicly available Internet map API (i.e. Google Maps/Google Earth or Microsoft Virtual Earth). Response Percent Data is not current (streets and imagery) 72.7 % Possible advertisement placement 46.0 % Limitations related to application functionality/development 44.7 % Uncertainty related to consistent services 41.3 % Security Licensing 31.3 % Perspective of upper management that web-based mapping is fast and easy Existing (previous) investment in commercial Web Service GIS technology 30.0 % 25.3 % Other(s) 18.7 %

56 What Does it Mean to GIS Professionals? It has increased the demand for web-based mapping services and applications. Users now expect fast and easy to use interactive maps with access to high quality - high resolution data. Its a challenge and a tremendous opportunity. The GIS Profession needs to embrace this new paradigm. It will ultimately create more demand for the data that drives these systems, and will result in the development of better applications to solve real-world problems. - from a survey respondent

57 Conclusions * Cooperation and synergy expected between commercial Internet map service providers and the public sector with data development, data sharing and service provision. * Government agencies realize they can extend their capacity for providing Internet map services with using the infrastructure of commercial Internet map services. * A growth in the number and type of applications that are hybrids that combine government GIS investments in data and web services with Open Map API services is projected.

58 Thank you! Contact: Wansoo Im, Ph.D. (VERTICES, NJ): Twyla McDermott (City of Charlotte, NC): Acknowledgement : This research was supported by a grant(07klsgc02) from Cutting-edge Urban Development - Korean Land Spatialization Research Project funded by Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs We thank URISA for distributing the survey, as well as those URISA members who provided us with helpful feedback, especially Michael Waltuch and Mary Tsui.