Research and Development of Gasification and CO 2 Capture Technologies of ITRI

Transcription

1 Research and Development of Gasification and CO 2 Capture Technologies of ITRI Heng-Wen Hsu Industrial Technology Research Institute Energy and Environment Research Laboratories July 27, 2009 Copyright 2009 ITRI 1

2 Development and Application of CCT (1/2) Since 1988, MOEABOE has aided in research of combustion pollution control Flue Gas Desulfurization(SO 2 removal reaches 95%) Low NOx burner, and De-NOx technologies(sncr, Combustion Modification) 1998~2001, MOEABOE has supported to study, introduce, and promote the highly efficient clean coal technology Planning of introducing and promotion strategies for Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) technology To plan the strategy for the use of CCT in power generation and energyintensive industries 2002~2005, ITRI is commissioned execute Application Study of Fossil-fuels Gasification Technology four-year project To establish an experimental system of pressurized gasification with a capacity of two metric tons of coal per day To carry on further coal and petroleum coke research to verify their gasification characteristics Copyright 2009 ITRI 2

3 Development and Application of CCT (2/2) 2006~2009, ITRI is commissioned to execute the second fouryear project, called Development of gasification and clean coal technologies To establish gasification and syngas conversion technologies: Development for feedstock of dry and liquid burners Establishment of gasification characteristic databases for coal, petroleum coke and heavy oil etc. Establishment of the technology ability of planning, design and operation for gasification system To establish CO 2 capture/separation technologies: Establishment of the bench-scale system technology with CaCO 3 /CaO looping to capture CO 2, and carry out modification study of CaO Development an mesoporous silica-based particles (MSP) adsorbent To demonstrate and promote applications of syngas: Promotion for installation of gasification plant in industrial park and establishment of ability for feasibility study Demonstrations of combustion and power generation for syngas, and enhancing the cooperation with industries on application technologies Copyright 2009 ITRI 3

4 ITRI s Experience in Coal Gasification Set up the first pressured gasification experimental system in Taiwan 2 ton coal/day entrained-flow gasifier (located at Kaohsiung) Oxygen blown, dry feedstock, operating pressure below 10bar Establish the gasification characteristics for coal and petroleum coke Testing of gasification characteristics for six types of coals and CPC s petroleum coke Carbon conversion rate and cold gasification efficiency are 95% and 75%, respectively Develop the application of syngas for power generator and combustion system Demonstration of the power generator (47kW Gas Engine, 30kW Micro-Turbine) Demonstration of the combustion application (500kg/hr Boiler and 30,000 kcal/hr industrial furnace) Establish ability of evaluation for gasification and IGCC with Thermoflow and Aspen Plus 2Ton Coal/Day Pressurized Gasification Testing Facility Control Room of Gasification Testing Facility Copyright 2009 ITRI 4

5 ITRI s Gasification Plant O 2, Steam Syngas N 2, O 2 Liquefy Tanks Wet Scrubber Raymond Coal Mill N 2 Pulverized Coal or Slurry Gasifier Granular Moving Bed Filter Syngas Conversion MeOH Experimental facility Industrial Furnace Coal Water Slurry Prepare Equipment Control Room 47kW Gas Engine 500T/Hr Boiler Copyright 2009 ITRI 5

6 Application Potential of Coal Gasification in Taiwan Application for power generation Base on the MOEABOE plan, the new installed capacities with coal-fired will need for 7,098MW from 2008 to 2017, the IGCC with CCS will be more potential for application in the future Application for industries Ceramic, Steel and iron Syngas for heating furnaces and boilers CO act as a reduction agent for steel refinery furnaces Reduce a reliance on NG, COG, heavy oil usage, and other fuels Petrochemical, paper and man-made fiber industries Cogeneration plants with gasification technology can produce electricity and steam The CO and H 2 from the superfluous syngas of gasification can be used to produce chemicals or fuels Pet cokes, V.R. - as feed stocks for gasification to increase their economic effectiveness Energy integration of gasification plant in industrial park Copyright 2009 ITRI 6

7 Energy Integration of Gasification Plant in Industrial Park The price of electric power is relatively cheap and the fuel price is expensive in Taiwan. Therefore, the syngas is preferable to be a fuel for heating process instead of power generation The coal gasification plant can provide the cheap syngas and process steam centrally The Syngas replaces the LNG and fuel oil as fuels for boilers, heating furnaces, and co-generation To produce hydrogen by water shift reaction, H 2 can act as raw material and CO 2 could be sequestered or reused Steam Steam Syngas (CO, H 2, CO 2 ) Clean Syn Gas CO 2 Capture Syngas (CO, H 2 ) gas grid Fuel Boiler Cogen Heating Furnace Coal Coal Syn Gas Cooler Cleanup System CO 2 Storage or Reuse Conversion Separation H 2 CO 2 Storage or Reuse Biomass O2, Steam Slagging Gasification System Generator Electricity Fuel Cell Electricity Copyright 2009 ITRI 7

8 ITRI s Current research of Coal Gasification Set up the coal slurry as feedstock of gasifier TE B 3 B 1 TE TE B 4 B 2 TE Feeding Area Develop the wet feedstock of burner adopt impinging atomization technology R TE Gasification Section Establish gasification characteristics data of coal and heavy oil TE / 5 TE Syngas cooling Found the wet feedstock of gasification technology with 2 tons coal per day of pressure entrained bed Slag tank Simulate the gasification reaction of coal slurry, fluid field and temperature field of gasifier with Aspen Plus software Copyright 2009 ITRI 8

9 CO 2 Capture Technology Approach - ITRI PBI: polybenzimidazole ITM: ion transport membrane MOF: metal organic framework CAR: Ceramic Autothermal Recovery OTM: oxygen transport membrane CaCO 3 /CaO looping Limestone (CaCO 3 ) is cheap and abundant in Taiwan CaO has high adsorption capacity Mesoporous silica-based particle(msp) with spray aerosol process Low regeneration energy consumption and low degradation Easy to scale up Ref.:Advances in CO 2 capture technology The U.S. Department of Energy s Carbon Sequestration Program, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 2, (2008) 9 ~ 20. Copyright 2009 ITRI 9

10 Schematics of CO 2 Capture Technology Approach CO 2 + CaO calcination carbonation CaCO kj CaCO 3 CO 2 + CaO kj Flue Gas CO 2, H 2 O CO 2 Steam cooler cyclone Carbonation fluidized bed 650 H 2 O Flue Gas heat CaO cooler heat CaCO 3 CaCO3/CaO looping calcination moving bed 850 heating Flue Gas Solid sorbent mesoporous silica-based particles Copyright 2009 ITRI 10

11 Studies on CaO Modification Conversion rate The study investigates various process conditions Steam hydration calcination, sorbent dispersion in a calciner, use of a high thermal conductivity N 2 gas. Conversion rate Higher than 30% after 10 times of calcination/carbonation cycle at CO 2 = 10% condition Physical Properties Specific surface area reaches m 2 /g, pore size is around 17~120 nm (30 nm is the major) N Time (min) N 2 +Steam Quantity Adsorbed (cm3/g) nm 17~120nm 佔 95.4% Pore Size Distribution Pore Diameter (nm) Copyright 2009 ITRI 11

12 CaCO 3 /CaO Looping Bench Scale Studies Establish a bench scale System Set up the carbonation/calcination looping Carbonation: fluidized bed to remove CO 2 Calcination: moving bed, reaction time controlled by adjusting steam and nitrogen flow rates CO 2 capture using the bench-scale equipment 90% removal efficiency sustain for 40 and 85 minutes, respectively for 16.1% and 7.5% CO 2 concentrations Efficiency (%) 吸附效率 (% ) CO % Time (min) CO 2 7.5% Calciner Feed cylinder Carbonator Control Panel Bench scale System carbonator temperature 650 C, retention time 9.3 sec; calciner temperature 850 C, retention time 30 minutes. Copyright 2009 ITRI 12

13 Mesoporous silica-based Particle (MSP) To develop MSP with aerosol process The MSPs have high specific surface area, high selectivity and adsorption capacity, stable adsorption capacity after repeated cycles. Adsorbent of impregnated/grafted and scale up for MSA preparation by spray drying technology will key items. Precursor (TEOS) Surfactant (CTAB) Other solvents (HCl) Chemical reaction The results by lab study qe (mg/g) % CO 2 50% CO 2 Raw 42.9 Spray aerosol process 102 EDA modified 1)Adsorption condition:co 2 =15%, T =60, RH=0% 2)Desorption condition : T=120 (Air), RH=0%, Time=20 min/cycle 3)EDA: Ethylenediamine Energy input Gas-to-particle conversion qe(mg/g) Surface area>1000 m 2 /g, Pore size is uniform and around 2.38~2.80 nm Nano-porous particles After 20 times thermal nrecycles, the CO 2 capacity still maintains at 39~42 (mg/g) Copyright 2009 ITRI 13

14 Scale Up for MSP Preparation MSP preparation capacity increases from 1g/8-hr to 100g/hr Comparison of the physical properties Materials S BET a (m 2 /g) d BJH c (nm) Capacity (mg/g) MSP(from Lab-scale) MSP(from pilot-scale) Adsorption condition:co 2 =15%, T =60, RH=0%, EDA modified Flow Chart of pilot scale of MSPs preparation Copyright 2009 ITRI 14

15 Future Development Gasification Development of Commercialized Small Scale Gasification Technology 20~100 tons coal/day gasification system design and planning Co-gasification with biomass to reduce CO 2 emission Chemical looping gasification of solid fuels Direct gasification with in-situ CO 2 capture and H 2 production CaCO 3 /CaO Looping Advancement to the process technology in pre-combustion capture Application in post-combustion capture From bench scale up to 1-3 MW post-combustion CO 2 capture pilot plant Industrial application for small to medium scale gasification systems Capture CO 2 in the syngas process without any shift Integrated and commercial-ready gasification system MSP Scale up of MSP preparation for adsorbent production Application in industrial furnaces and co-gen power plants Copyright 2009 ITRI 15

16 Final Remarks Coal is an excellent resource due to its cheap price and rich deposits. With the help of gasification technology, coal can be easily converted to clean gas for fuels. The price of electricity is relatively cheap and the fuel price is expensive in Taiwan. Therefore, the syngas from coal has a market and long-term prospect advantages over traditional petro-based fuels. ITRI has been doing the pioneer work in Clean Coal Technology for industry in Taiwan. The gasification and CO 2 capture studying facility are expected to speed up realization of coal gasification and CCS plant in Taiwan. Copyright 2009 ITRI 16