11. Energy performance

Transcription

1 11. Energy performance 11A. Present Situation Please complete the following table providing the most recent data that is available: Indicator Unit Year of data Final Energy Consumption 8,440,945 MWh 2011 Final Energy use/capita 20,489 kwh/capita 2011 Final Energy usage /sector Ag & Fisheries N/A Industry & Commercial 13.7 Transport 28.5 Domestic 39.9 Services 17.9 Other Total 100 Describe the present situation and development (particularly in relation to the building sector), using quantitative data and figures. Where available, information/data should be provided from previous years (5 10) to show trends. List any disadvantages resulting from historical, geographical and/or socioeconomic factors which may have influenced this indicator area. % Present total final energy consumption by sectors (structure of energy consumption); 2. Past development of energy consumption and current plan for future energy efficiency improvements and decreasing the use of energy, particularly for energy performance of municipal buildings (in KWh/m2) with specific reference to city owned buildings and important developments related to other end-use sectors besides the building sector (e.g. transport, industry production, services, public, lighting, electrical appliances food); 3. Present situation, development and current plan for the energy supply mix, particularly regarding the renewable vs non-renewable mix of energy sources during the past 10 years (for both heat, electricity and transport; expressed in KWh, MWh or GWh); 4. The current plan for integration and performance of renewable energy technology in municipal buildings and homes compared to the total energy use; 5. The development so far and the current plan of compatible and integrated district heating energy and of combined heat and power energy consumption compared to the total energy use, (expressed in KWh, MWh or GWh); 6. Application of innovative technologies (e.g. current plan for increasing the use of LED lamps in public lighting and use of green roofs/walls for energy saving). (max. 600 words & 5 graphics, images or tables) Tallinn joined the Covenant of Mayors in The strategic goals of the energy economy of Tallinn have been set in the Tallinn Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP), which was adopted in The general goal is to reduce the impact on climate change by increasing energy efficiency and the share of renewable energy by 20%, which will decrease CO 2 emissions by 20%. Planning and developing sustainable energy management in Tallinn is the function of Tallinn Energy Agency, which was established in The agency also performs the obligations arising from the Covenant of Mayors, organises research and raises the awareness of the population. Final energy consumption in Tallinn was 9,614,253 MWh in 2007 and 8,440,945 MWh in The

2 majority of this comprised households and the transport sector (Figure 1). 18% 14% 29% 40% households transport services industry Figure 1. Structure of final energy consumption in Tallinn by sector (2011) Comparing final energy consumption in 2007 and 2011, the share of coal has decreased the most (50%), followed by heating oil (34%), petrol (20%) and district heating (20%). The use of wood chip and peat has increased considerably (457%) (Figure 2) Natural gas Diesel fuel Petrol Firewood Woodchip and peat Heating oil for heating buildings and equipment Coal Shale oil, briquette Liquid gas Figure 2. Consumption of primary fuels in heat production and transport The specific energy consumption of municipal buildings of Tallinn per square metre of heated floor area decreased by 8.8% from : from kwh per square metre per year to kwh per square metre per year (Figure 3).

3 kwh/m 2 a Figure 3. Specific energy consumption of municipal buildings per square metre of heated floor area District heating areas have been established in Tallinn where getting connected to the district heating system is compulsory (Figure 4). Main heating networks are owned by Tallinn, but district heating in the city is mostly supplied by AS Tallinna Küte, which covers two-thirds of Tallinn. The biggest district heating system in Tallinn consists of 427 km of heating networks, one combined heat and power (CHP) plant, three large and 14 small boiler houses. The heating sector in Tallinn has been reorganised most of the local small boiler houses have been closed, renewable energy has been actively taken into use in new CHP plants and the citywide district heating pipelines have been connected. The new Tallinn Power Plant, which uses renewable energy, was launched in 2008, supporting the supply of district heating and electricity to Tallinn. The construction of a new heating pipeline between the eastern and western sides of Tallinn was completed in 2011 and the main district heating areas and their networks are now connected. This connection makes it possible to take advantage of the basic load of the district heating network and increases the share of the cheaper heat generated from biofuel at Tallinn Power Plant (40% in 2014). Tallinna Küte supplies heat to 3,752 buildings, which are all equipped with heat meters. Work on including new regions in the district heating network and construction of new pipelines continues. Tallinna Küte will invest 50 million euros in heating networks from All large boiler houses in Tallinn have had the option of using reserve fuel to natural gas since 2014, which considerably increases the security of thermal energy supply.

4 Figure 4. Connected district heating network in Tallinn Street lighting in Tallinn has undergone massive development. Replacement of 400 W mercury light fittings with sodium ones started as early as in 1995 and almost all of them had been replaced with more energy-saving fittings by In 2015 the city is developing a solution based on new technology: it is creating smart city infrastructure, where 637 controllers are constantly connected to the central server in street lighting control boards, which makes it possible to adjust the power of street lights according to necessity and the surrounding conditions. The control system also makes it possible to detect technical faults and save energy with the accurate timing of lighting LED light fittings were installed in Tallinn during the reconstruction of street lighting from They help save 854,000 kw of electricity per year. Lighting in the Old Town was also reconstructed at the beginning of 2015 and 836,856 euros was invested in this. LED technology guarantees that consumption in the 590 light fittings in the Old Town will decrease from the initial 463,452 kw/h per year to 150,800 kw/h per year, saving 41,150 euros per year. Similar work will also continue in the coming years.

5 Figure 5. New LED lighting Tallinn has actively improved the energy performance of its bus fleet. Tallinn has 466 buses at present, including 85 EEV buses, 26 EURO 6 buses and 7 CNG buses. Tallinn will acquire another 20 EURO 6 and 24 hybrid buses by the end of Tallinn has 70 trams and 85 trolleybuses powered by electricity. The share of vehicles with low emissions is 40%. Tallinna Linnatranspordi AS uses green energy to operate the new CAF trams, which comprised 10% of the energy procurement in B. Past Performance Describe the measures implemented over the last five to ten years concerning energy, as a qualitative narrative. Comment on which measures have been most effective. Make reference to: 1. Attempts to improve the energy performance (i.e. i.e. energy efficiency standards particularly of municipal buildings) above national requirements; 2. Maximising and prioritising the use of renewable energy technology (particularly in municipal buildings); 3. Measures to facilitate integrated district system solutions (e.g. cogeneration) and a more sophisticated city-wide control. 4. Measures to trigger stakeholder engagement in the City s to improve overall energy demand performance preferably including local government institutions, local market actors and citizens; mention existing co-operations. (max. 800 words & 5 graphics, images or tables) Approximately 50% of the residential buildings in Tallinn were built from and their energy performance is low. The share of residential buildings in total energy consumption in Estonia exceeds

6 40%. Insulation of buildings, modernisation of technical systems, construction of new energy-efficient buildings and implementation of renewable energy technologies make it possible to save up to 30% of thermal energy. The contribution of the private sector in boosting the energy performance of buildings has increased considerably in recent years. Environmental sustainability is also considered when office buildings are erected: for example, the office building at Sõpruse pst 157, which was completed in 2014, was designed on the basis of the Green Building concept. Figure 1. Sõpruse pst 157 office building is designed as environmentally sustainable and energy efficient Complete reconstruction of existing buildings has been the most efficient way of reducing energy consumption. Since 2010, Tallinn has been implementing the project Fix the Facades, which helps apartment associations make their buildings, built before 1993, more energy-efficient (insulation of facades and roofs, replacement of doors and windows, replacement of heating and ventilation systems). The scheme supports the associations in applying for national building renovation loans by covering the necessary self-financing. Apartment buildings built before 1993 are the target group of the renovation loan. The granted support amounts to 10% of the amount of the renovation loan applied for by the association, but no more than 19,173 euros per year. Within the scope of the Fix the Facades project, Tallinn has supported the reconstruction of 123 apartment buildings to a value of million euros from (Figures 2 and 3). The support scheme is continuing in Altogether 268 apartment buildings with a closed net area of 0.8 million m 2 in Tallinn were renovated and made energy-efficient with the help of the national apartment building renovation loan from The total investment amounted to 44 million euros.

7 Figure 2. Apartment building before reconstruction Figure 3. Apartment building after reconstruction

8 37.5 million euros from sales of CO 2 quotas was invested in the reconstruction of municipal buildings in Tallinn from , which helps save 3,370 MWh of energy per year. The facades and boiler rooms of school and kindergarten buildings were mainly renovated to save energy. The principles of energy performance have also been considered in the construction of substitute homes, social housing units and sports buildings belonging to the city. Five two-family and two single-family houses whose energy class is A were built from for children s homes with the support from the European Regional Development Fund. The following solutions were used in the buildings to achieve energy performance in replacement homes: - the buildings have excellent thermal resistance; - heat is produced with air-water source heat pumps and solar energy collectors; - efficient energy recovery equipment is installed in the ventilation system; - the best location of the buildings in respect of cardinal points was considered when the buildings were designed; - the use of a fireplace-stove that burns biomass is guaranteed. In the construction of the social housing unit, energy performance and renewable energy solutions were used for the first time in 2009, where the heat and hot water supply system were combined with solar heating collectors, air-water source heat pumps and district heating. The building has two ventilation systems with heat recovery. Two social housing units with 140 beds were built from with the help of the European Regional Development Fund. Heat recovery from the ventilation extraction system and generating hot water and heat with an air-water source pump were used in the buildings in order to achieve the required energy performance. In recent years, Tallinn has improved the energy performance of several sports buildings belonging to the city. Põhja Sports Hall had its exterior walls insulated, new windows installed and its sports halls renovated in The ventilation system, doors and windows of Kadaka Sports Hall were replaced and its roof was insulated during renovations. Another 62,141 euros was allocated with the first supplementary budget for 2012, which was used to connect the sports hall to the district heating network. The heat and hot water supply of Kurgjärve Sports Base was transferred to ground source heating in The estimated annual savings in the generation of heat and hot water at the base amount to 160,000 kwh. Ambient air pollution will decrease by 92% and CO 2 emissions by 55.8 tons per year. The cost of the project was 66,800 euros. The multi-purpose Tondiraba ice rink at Lasnamäe was completed as a municipal building in 2014 and can be used as a venue for sports events and concerts (Figure 4). The hall s heating system is connected to a heat pump and it uses the heat emitted by the ice rink resurfacers for heating the building and water. If the emitted heat is not enough, additional energy is obtained from the district heating network. Ventilation works with heat recovery. The heat pump releases +60 C water into the accumulation tanks held in the boiler room in the basement of the building, and the heat in it is used by the other utility systems of the building. Thus the heating system of the ice rink is a well-considered solution that involves a large quantity of modern technology to achieve high energy performance.

9 Figure 4. Tondiraba Ice Rink Tallinn has been organising Energy Days since 2011 at which citizens are given advice on how to save energy in their daily lives and on the complete reconstruction of buildings. There are regular information days for apartment associations. In order to find energy performance solutions, the city has established an effective partnership with Tallinn University of Technology, the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications, the KredEx foundation and companies that provide reconstruction services. The city participates in foreign projects and international seminars to obtain experience and ideas about improving energy performance. The Estonian Electromobility Programme ELMO was launched in 2011 to support the use of energyefficient and environmentally friendly electric cars and rechargeable hybrid cards. Electric cars were acquired for the social workers of Estonian local authorities, charging points were established (Figure 5) and the purchase of electric cars by the private sector was compensated to the extent of 50% within the scope of the programme. Tallinn uses 29 electric cars in social welfare. Tallinn established the first electric car charging point in Estonia in 2009 in the underground car park at Freedom Square. Today there are 28 charging points in the city. 459 electric cars were registered in Tallinn in 2015, 86 of them belonging to the public sector. An electric car rental service has also been launched within the scope of the ELMO Programme. Electric taxis have been serving clients in Tallinn since Figure 5. ELMO rental car at a charging station and an electric car of a social worker on the street In 2011, Tallinn Environment Department prepared energy saving handbooks for companies engaged in catering, trade and industry within the scope of the SEECA (Strategy for Energy Efficiency through Climate Agreements) project of the POWER programme. The handbooks promoted sustainable transport and biogas and introduced ecodriving to larger utility companies.

10 An important outcome of the POWER programme is the recommendation for the roadmap for managing a low carbon dioxide economy for the area of Tallinn a guideline that deals with energy performance, renewable energy, ecological innovation, sustainable transport and changing people s behaviour. 11C. Future Plans Describe the future short and long term objectives for sustainable energy plans and the proposed approach for their achievement. Include measures adopted, but not yet implemented, and details for future measures already adopted. Emphasise to what extent plans are consolidated by commitments, budget allocations, and monitoring and performance evaluation schemes, what potential there is and what kind of barriers you might expect in the implementation phase. Express and explain if and how far the strategies and targets go beyond national ambitions. Make reference to: 1. The city's strategy to achieve goals by 2030 and 2050 (e.g. energy efficiency improvement. % of renewable energy share of the total energy supply); 2. The city's strategy regarding renewable vs non-renewable energy mix, as well as of the renewable energy mix per se (the percentage of different renewable energy sources). Describe the dynamics of energy mixes for at least the coming two decades, preferably add diagrams to describe this dynamic development; 3. Other measures affecting the total energy use in the city, e.g. changes in transport systems, industrial practices, food and commodities production and consumption, urban morphology and use of Green Infrastructure, consumer behaviour and import and export chains. (max. 800 words & 5 graphics, images or tables) One of the objectives of the Tallinn Environmental Strategy to 2030 is to reduce the CO 2 emissions by 40% by 2030 and to increase the share of renewable energy among consumed energy by 40%. According to the Tallinn Environmental Protection Action Plan , the city must improve its activities in the area of energy performance (energy performance of buildings, fuel saving, energy saving in outdoor lighting, etc.) and raise the awareness of companies and people. In order to do this, the city will continue renovating district heating networks to reduce heat losses and increase the share of renewable fuels in the district heating system and small boiler houses in Tallinn. In urban planning and issuing construction permits, the city will make sure that energy performance requirements are complied with. The general goal of the Tallinn SEAP for is to reduce the impact of climate change by increasing the share of energy efficiency and renewable energy by 20%, which will decrease CO 2 emissions by 20%. According to the SEAP, the city has to start using the residual heat of wastewater and the generated biogas in full, continue reconstructing buildings and district heating networks, increase the use of heat pumps and solar energy, replace street light fittings with more economical ones, raise people s awareness in regard to saving energy etc. These actions will help achieve an estimated energy saving of %, as a result of which Tallinn should meet the goals set with the Covenant of Mayors. The strategic goal of Tallinn in the area of energy performance will primarily be achieved through the reduction in energy consumption in buildings and the increase in the share of combined heat and power generation. Insulation of buildings and construction of new energy-efficient buildings makes it possible to save up to 30% of the energy consumed at present, which is why the energy saving achieved in buildings is extremely important.

11 The goal of Tallinn is to reduce the consumption of heat in the city by 2% per year, which means that energy consumption in 2020 will be 23% lower than in According to forecasts, heat consumption will decrease until 2020 despite new consumers being connected to the district heating network, as the extensive reconstruction of existing buildings and the construction of new cost-efficient buildings will continue (Figure 1) consumption as equivalent of normal year incl. those who joined Figure 1. Forecast of final heat consumption until million euros will be invested in the renovation of the municipal buildings belonging to Tallinn from The specific consumption of heat of municipal buildings in Tallinn per square metre of heated floor area will decrease to at least 125 kwh by 2020 according to forecasts. A large share of the investments required for the reconstruction of municipal buildings planned in the energy economy action plan will be made from This should reduce the consumption of heat considerably, to ca 110,000 MWh per year (Figure 2).

12 target target Figure 2. Total energy consumption of the municipal buildings of Tallinn (MWh) As a lot of attention is given to energy performance in municipal construction, Tallinn is planning to build a residential building with rental flats for teachers as a nearly zero-energy building whose energy performance indicator (use of heat with electricity and water consumption) is 100 kwh per square metre per year. Granting national support for the complete reconstruction of apartment buildings will continue from Tallinn will continue supporting the reconstruction of apartment buildings and the promotion of energy performance within the scope of the Fix the Facades project. The forecast is that at least 400 apartment buildings in Tallinn will be reconstructed. The closed net area of these buildings is up to 1.2 million m 2 and the total amount invested in their reconstruction is 240 million euros, which will help reduce CO 2 emissions by up to 90,000 tons by Tallinn has set itself the goal of increasing the use of renewable fuel considerably. In 2007, renewable energy comprised just 8.2% of total fuel consumption in Tallinn, but the share of renewable energy in total consumption planned for 2021 is 36%. According to forecasts, 16% of the electricity needed in Tallinn will be generated in combined heat and power plants in the city by 2021, which will increase the city s energy security. Due to the higher efficiency of the CHP plants, generating the same quantity of heat and electricity will require less fuel than generation in separate plants, and energy transmission losses will also decrease. The priority of Tallinn is to increase the share of biomass and local fuels in heat generation, which will help keep the heat price stable, decrease the pressure of price increases and increase the energy security of Estonia. The share of renewable and local biofuel in heat generation in 2014 was 42% and the plan is to increase this to 80% in The transition to renewable energy will decrease the price of thermal energy by ca 20% for consumers in Tallinn. Tallinn Power Plant, the waste-to-energy unit of Iru thermal power plant, Mustamäe boiler house (which will be transferred to local fuel) and the Väo 2 CHP plant to be constructed will contribute to this. The energy group Utilitas has started establishing the Väo 2 CHP plant next to Tallinn Power Plant which should be completed by The cost of construction of the plant is 65 million euros. The station will start using Estonian wood chip and peat. The thermal capacity of the plant is 76.5 MW and electrical capacity 21 MW. When operating at full capacity, the plant will use 530,000 cubic metres of wood chip

13 predominantly waste generated by tree cutting and other forestry. Tallinn Environment Department and Tallinn Energy Agency are participating as partners in the Horizon 2020 project R4E Roadmaps for Energy in which an energy strategy for Tallinn (energy roadmap) will be created. Tallinn is participating in the R4E project in two areas: smart buildings and smart mobility. The project supports the implementation of the Energy Efficiency Directive 2012/27/EU. 11D. References List supporting documentation, adding links where possible. Further detail may be requested during the clarification phase. Documentation should not be forwarded at this stage. (max. 400 words) Covenant of Mayors Fix the Facades Operational Programme of Sustainable Energy Economy of Residential Buildings of Tallinn City Property Department OÜ Pilvero, Tallinn 2011 Roadmap for managing a low carbon dioxide economy for the area of Tallinn SEECA project (Strategy for Energy Efficiency through Climate Agreements) Tallinn Sustainable Energy Action Plan Tallinn Development Plan Tallinn Energy Days Tallinn Environmental Protection Action Plan Tallinn Environmental Strategy to Tallinn joining the Covenant of Mayors initiative of the European Commission