GEO GRA P HICAL RESEA RCH

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1 GEO GRA P HICAL RESEA RCH Vol125, No14 J uly, 2006,,,, (, ) :,,,,,, :, : ; ; ; : (2006) ,,,, :,,,,, [ 1 ], [2,3 ],,,,,,,,,,, 1,,, 20,,, : ; : : ( 863) ( 2002AA601021) ; ( 973) (2005CB724205) : (19532),,

2 4 : 597,,,, 1938, Seifert,, [4 ] 50,,, [5 ] 1962, H1 T1 Odum, [6,7 ] 80,,, 1990,, [8 ],, [9 ] 80,, [10 ],,,,, [11 ] 1830,, [ 12 ] 60 [ 13 ],, 90,, [14 ], : [ 15 ] 863 ( ) 3 [3 ] (1), 1 Fig1 1 The stage of development in urban water system control

3 598 25,, 3,, [16 ], ( ),, (),,,,,,,, : (1) [1719 ] :,, 3 : : ; : ; - : (2) [20,21 ] :,,, (3) [22,23 ] :,, (4) : [24 ],, 212,,, 4 (2) : (1) :,,, GIS [ 25,26 ] (2) :, GIS () GIS,,,,,, (Delp hi) [ 27,28 ],

4 4 : 599, (3) : [29 ], : / () ( ) [2,30,31 ],,,,,, [32,33 ],,, ;, ;,,,,, (4) :, [34,35 ],,, [3638 ],,, ( ) 2 Fig12 The methodological framework of functional control in urban water system

5 , 6,,( 3) km 2, km 2 312,, 3 : ( ) GIS, GIS, 3,, Fig13 The layout of Hanyang water system (1),, N P,, 2003, ( I) [39 ] : n Ci I = W i (1) i = 1S i, Ci ; S i ; W i, p H DO CODCr CODMn BOD5 N H32N TP TN, : , 6, V, V, V, TP, % (2), [40 ] : = L/ 3 ( v - 2) ; = L - v + 1/ (2 v - 5) (2), ; ; L ; v [29 ], 0158, 0129,, 1, 1, 12, 6,,, (3), [41,42 ] : FI1 = 1 - A i A, FI2 = 1 - A 1 A, FI1 FI2 2 ; A i (3)

6 4 : 601 ; A 1 ; A, FI1FI ,,,,,, (4), ( E) : m k E = ( A ij Qij ) (4) i = 1j = 1, A ij, ; Qij [43 ] A ij,,, 013, 015, 012 :,,,,, ( ) : 12 ; 4 4 ; 4 4 (1 4) 313,,, (1, 2, 3 4) (1) :, [44,45 ], ;, () ;,,,

7 Tab11 The functional control design of joint points of Hanyang water system,,,,,,,, ; (, ),,,,,,,,,, 2 Tab12 The functional control design of lake polluted areas and riparian area,,,,,,,,,, A B C D 3 Tab13 The functional control design of canal polluted areas and riparian area, E,,,,, F,, G,,, H,

8 4 : 603 (2), (, ), (3),,,,, (1,2,3 4) (4) :, ;,, ;, :, 314,,,,,,, 4,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : [ 1 ]..,2005,07 (S) :8151 [ 2 ],.. :, [ 3 ],..,2005, (2) :12131 [ 4 ] Seifert A1 Naturnaeherer Wasserbau1 Deut sche Wasserwirt schaft,1983,33 (12) : [ 5 ] Ministerium fuer Umwelt Baden2wuettenberg1 Stuttgart : Hochwasserschutz und Oekologie, [ 6 ] Mitch J W1 Ecological engineering1 John Wiley & Sons Ltd1, [ 7 ].. :, [ 8 ]..,2003, (5) :141

9 [ 9 ] Thyssen N1 Rivers in t he European Union : Water Quality, Status and Trends1 Nijland H J,CAL S M J R1 River Restoration in Europe1 Net herlands, [ 10 ],,..,1998,29 (6) :11141 [ 11 ],,.. :,2002,818 ; [ 12 ].., (9) :23261 [ 13 ] 1.. :, [ 14 ],,..,2005,23 (12) :44451 [ 15 ],,..,2001, (2) :2628. [ 16 ]. :.,2005,07 (S) :34381 [ 17 ],.. :, [ 18 ] Hartig J H, Thomas R L1 Development of plans to restore degraded areas in t he Great Lakes1 Environ1 Manage1, 1988, 12 : [ 19 ] Schelske C L, Carpenter S R. Lake Michigan : Restoration of aquatic ecosystem1 Washington D1 C1 : Nat1 Acad. Press, [ 20 ].. :, [ 21 ],,..,2001,20 (2) : [ 22 ]..,1998,7 (5) : [ 23 ],,..,2001,20 (5) : [ 24 ],..,, :, [ 25 ],,. GIS.,2004,23 (2) : [ 26 ],,..,2002,21 (3) : [ 27 ],,,.., 2004,36391 [ 28 ],,,..,2004,6 (3) :151 [ 29 ],..,1993,13 (3) : [ 30 ],..,1998,18 (5) : [ 31 ],..,2003,16 (6) :51531 [ 32 ].. : 1 :, [ 33 ],,..,2004,23 (5) : [ 34 ],,,..,2004,23 (3) : [ 35 ]..,1998, (12) :72741 [ 36 ],,,..,2003,16 (4) : [ 37 ],,,..,1998,18 (l) :88911 [ 38 ],.. :, [ 39 ],,.., (6) :4648 [ 40 ],,.. :, [ 41 ]..,2003,18 (4) :4246 [ 42 ].. :,1992, [ 43 ],,,. GIS.,2005,26 (5) :3437 [ 44 ],..,2002,21 (3) : [ 45 ] John T,Beth J1 The design of living technologies for waste treatment. Ecological Engineering,1996, 6 ( 1) :

10 4 : 605 The framework for functional control of urban water systems and its application GUO Huai2cheng, WAN G Jin2feng, L IU Yong, MAO Guo2zhu, WAN G Zhen (College of Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing , China) Abstract :The urban water system is a complete ecosystem t hat has dual f unction of ecology and landscape1 The water body pollution worsens t he water quality and makes the urban a2 quatic environment lose it s ecologic f unction, such as providing water resource, defending flood, etc1 The degradation of water system landscape could lower t he image of t he city1 The water system control can not only be limited to pollution control, but also include wa2 ter environment rehabilitation and landscape beautification1 At present, systemic control is t he most pop ular and adoptive met hod for water pollution control and aquatic environment repair1 Systemic control takes t he whole water eco system as a research object, and, based on diverse water problems, makes all kinds of aquatic environment rehabilitation met hods and ecological engineering measures integrated1 But, systemic co nt rol emp hasizes t he eco2 logical aspect of engineering design and neglect s t he main factor in water landscape1 Tak2 ing landscape element s into account in water synthesized controll is a trend of reearch at ho me and abroad, so a new met hod including facto rs of landscape sho uld be fo und out1 This paper tries to make t he "f unctional control" as a new concept which brings water systemic control and landscape design toget her1 Functional control is an extension of t he concept " systemic control"1 In virt ue of GIS and water quality records t he water f unctional control first gives qualitative and quantitative analysis of the water system problems, t hen chooses some key positions (like water connecting point s, badly polluted areas, lakef ront etc1), and t hen select s suitable ecological rehabilitation met hods according to water envi2 ronment rehabilitative t heories, makes those project s ecological and landscaping, and fi2 nally gives a macro scopical landscape designing p roject of t he urban water system1 This study aims to give a new view t hat we should t hink about landscape factors in water control and pollution will never be the only problem t hat we should take into ac2 co unt1 Basing o n t heories of Water Enviro nment Rehabilitatio n, Landscape Ecology, En2 vironmental Aest hetics and Ecosystem Services, t his paper brings forward a met hod f rame of water f unctional control, and makes an application of it to t he Hanyang water system1 The case st udy shows t hat t hrough f unctional control, not only t he water quality but also t he landscape of the Hanyang water system has been improved, which is important to ur2 ban areas1 This means t hat doing water enviro nment repair and landscape design at t he same time is better t han doing them separately1 Key words :urban water system ; water environment rehabilitation ; systemic control ; f unc2 tional control

Hydrological and Material Cycle Simulation in Lake Biwa Basin Coupling Models about Land, Lake Flow, and Lake Ecosystem

Sengupta, M. and Dalwani, R. (Editors). 2008. Proceedings of Taal2007: The 12 th World Lake Conference: 819-823 Hydrological and Material Cycle Simulation in Lake Biwa Basin Coupling Models about Land,