Australian Government Department of Infrastructure and Transport. Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics STATISTICAL REPORT

Transcription

1 Australian Government Department of Infrastructure and Transport Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics STATISTICAL REPORT bitre Maritime Australian sea freight

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3 Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics Australian sea freight Department of Infrastructure, and Transport Canberra, Australia

4 Commonwealth of Australia, 2011 ISSN September 2011 / INFRA1182 This publication is available in hard copy or PDF format from the Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics website at if you require part or all of this publication in a different format, please contact BITRE. An appropriate citation for this report is: Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics (BITRE) 2011, Australian sea freight , Canberra ACT. Indemnity statement The Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics has taken due care in preparing the analyses contained in this report. However, noting that data used for the analyses have been provided by third parties, the Commonwealth gives no warranty to the accuracy, reliability, fitness for purpose, or otherwise of the information. Published by Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics GPO Box 501, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia Telephone (international) Fax bitre@infrastructure.gov.au Internet:

5 Foreword This is the latest in a series of Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics (BITRE) papers that provide information on Australian sea freight movements, port activity and fleet structure. This edition covers sea freight activity around Australia during the financial year The publication was prepared in the Infrastructure, Surface Transport and Road Safety Statistics Section by Shunpeng Wang. To learn more about these statistics, or related publications, please phone (02) or data.team@infrastructure.gov.au. Gary Dolman Head of Bureau Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics Canberra September 2011 v

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7 At a glance In , million tonnes of cargo moved across Australian wharves. This represented a 12.2 per cent increase on Some 81.9 per cent of this cargo was exports; 8.1 per cent was imports; 5.0 per cent was domestic loaded cargo; and 5.0 per cent was domestic unloaded cargo. In , million tonnes of international cargo was handled by Australian ports. Compared with , there was a 14.4 per cent increase in the total weight of exports and a 4.9 per cent increase in the total weight of imports. By value, there was an 11.6 per cent decrease in exports to $178.9 billion and a 5.5 per cent decrease in imports to $156.9 billion between and Australian ports handled million tonnes of coastal cargo during , increasing by 1.6 per cent on The total coastal freight task was billion tonne-kilometres in , increasing by 6.8 per cent from In , 2872 voyages on coastal voyage permits were carried out by unlicensed ships to move freight on the Australian coast, a 4.4 per cent increase on Total tonnage moved under permits increased 9.6 per cent to 15.1 million tonnes, which accounted for 28.9 per cent of all coastal freight. The coastal freight task performed by ships using permits was 43.2 billion tonne-kilometres, which was 37.6 per cent of the coastal freight task. Containers moved under permits were TEUs (Twenty-foot equivalent unit), a 56.0 per cent increase on In , the number of ships involved in international shipping entering Australia rose to 4344, compared to 4171 in Voyages to Australia from overseas ports decreased 1.0 per cent to , and the total number of port calls decreased by 5.6 per cent to in The Australian trading fleet increased in both number of ships and total deadweight tonnage as at 1st July 2010, compared to the previous year. The total number of ships in the fleet increased from 94 to 97 vessels, and the total deadweight tonnage increased by 6.0 per cent to 3.1 million tonnes. vii

8 Acknowledgements BITRE gratefully acknowledge the assistance given by staff of the various port authorities and companies in the production of this report. In particular, we would like to thank the following organisations: Albany Port Authority Ports Australia Botany Bay Shipping Group Broome Port Authority Bruny Island Ferry Company Pty Ltd Bunbury Port Authority Bundaberg Port Authority Burnie Port Corporation Cairns Port Authority Christmas & Cocos (Keeling) Islands Port Authority Dampier Port Authority Darwin Port Corporation Esperance Port Authority Fremantle Port Authority Geelong Port Authority Geraldton Port Authority Gippsland Ports Committee of Management Gladstone Port Authority Hobart Ports Corporation Pty Ltd Inco Ships Pty Ltd International Bunker Supplies Pty Ltd King Island Ports Corporation Pty Ltd Mackay Port Authority Melbourne Port Corporation Neptune Pacific Line Newcastle Port Corporation Ord River District Cooperative - Wyndham Port Hedland Port Authority Port Kembla Port Corporation Port of Brisbane Corporation Port of Devonport Corporation Port of Launceston Pty Ltd Port of Portland Pty Ltd Ports Corporation of Queensland Ports Corporation of South Australia Sydney Ports Corporation Toll Westernport Townsville Port Authority Waterways Authority (NSW) viii

9 Contents Foreword... iii At a glance... v Acknowledgements... vi CHAPTER 1 Overview... 1 International sea freight... 1 Coastal freight... 2 Coastal voyage permits... 2 Australian port activity... 3 Australian trading fleet... 3 CHAPTER 2 International sea freight... 5 Handling of Australia s international sea freight by Australian ports... 5 Australia s maritime trading regions... 8 Trading partners by country Overseas ports of loading or unloading Commodity structure of Australia s international sea freight CHAPTER 3 Coastal freight Commodity structure of Australia s coastal freight Cargo flows Cargo type at major coastal freight ports Tasmanian trade CHAPTER 4 Coastal voyage permits Impact of voyage permits on coastal trade Common routes of voyage permit usage CHAPTER 5 Australian port activity Ship activities at Australian ports Cargo loaded and unloaded by Australian ports CHAPTER 6 Australian trading fleet Summary of Australian trading fleet Australian trading fleet by ship type Vessels in Australian trading fleet Explanatory notes Data sources Statistical issues Coastal voyage permits Glossary Appendix Trading regions and country codes References ix

10 Tables T1.1 Summary of international sea freight, 10 years to T1.2 Summary of Australian coastal freight, 10 years to T1.3 Summary of coastal voyage permits used, 8 years to T1.4 Summary of Australian port visits, 10 years to T1.5 Summary of Australian trading fleet between 2001 and T2.1 Australia s international sea freight by Australian state and territory of origin and final destination, T2.2 Australia s international sea freight by Australian ports, T2.3 Australia s international sea freight by region of origin or final destination, T2.4 Australia s top 20 maritime trading partners, T2.5 Australia s international sea freight by region of loading and unloading, T2.6 Australia s international sea freight by commodity, T3.1 Coastal freight loaded by commodity group, 10 years to T3.2 Coastal freight task by commodity group, 10 years to T3.3 Coastal freight flows between states/territories by commodity group, T3.4 Coastal freight flows between states/territories, T3.5 Coastal freight flows between Australian ports, T3.6 Coastal freight loaded by major port and cargo type, T3.7 Coastal freight unloaded by major port and cargo type, T3.8 Coastal freight by Australian state and territory of loading or unloading and cargo type, T3.9 Tasmanian coastal freight by commodity group, and T4.1 Coastal voyage permits issued and their planned use, T4.2 Actual usage of coastal voyage permits, T4.3 Impact of voyage permits on coastal trade, T4.4 Permit usage for selected coastal routes, T4.5 Routes where containers were carried on permit, T5.1 Ship activity at Australian ports, T5.2 Cargo loaded and unloaded by Australian ports, T6.1 Summary of the Australian trading fleet for financial year and revised summary for T6.2 Ships in the major international trading fleet, T6.3 Ships in the major coastal trading fleet, T6.4 Ships in the minor trading fleet, x

11 Figures F2.1 Australia s international imports by region of origin, F2.2 Australia's international exports by region of final destination, F3.1 Coastal freight loaded by Australian state and territory, 10 years to F3.2 Coastal freight unloaded by Australian state and territory, 10 years to F4.1 Top 10 routes where coastal freight was carried on permit, F4.2 Top 10 routes where containers were carried on permit, F6.1 Number of ships in the Australian fleet by ship type, F6.2 Deadweight tonnage of the Australian fleet by ship type, xi

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13 Chapter 1 Overview In , million tonnes of cargo was handled by Australian ports. This represented a 12.2 per cent increase on Exports, imports, loaded domestic cargo, and unloaded domestic cargo accounted for 81.9 per cent, 8.1 per cent, 5.0 per cent and 5.0 per cent of total cargo movements respectively. International sea freight Total international cargo handled by Australia ports increased 13.5 per cent, by weight, and decreased 8.8 per cent, by value, between and Exports increased 14.4 per cent, by weight, but decreased 11.6 per by value. There was an increase of 4.9 per cent in the weight of imports, while the value of imports decreased 5.5 by per cent. T1.1 Summary of international sea freight, 10 years to Financial year Value Weight Exports Imports Total Exports Imports Total ($ billions) (million tonnes) Previously reported Revised scope Note: The scope of data supplied to BITRE and the methodology used to compile it by ABS was revised in Three years of historical data ( to ) are provided for both the previous and revised scope for comparative purposes. The revision led to a small increase ranging from 1.6 to 2.6 per cent in total value of trade, and 0.1 to 0.4 per cent in total weight of trade. See explanatory notes for further details on this change. Source: ABS (2011). 1

14 BITRE Australian sea freight Coastal freight In the total tonnage of coastal cargo handled by Australian ports was million tonnes, a 1.6 per cent increase over volumes. Coastal cargo represented 10.0 per cent of all cargo moved across Australian wharves, 1.0 per cent less than the share in The share of inter-state freight tonnage to total coastal freight increased from 58.7 per cent in to 63.7 per cent in The share of intra-state coastal to total coastal cargo decreased from 41.3 per cent in to 36.3 per cent in Measured in tonne-kilometre terms, the total coastal freight task was billion tonne kilometres in (tonnes of cargo loaded times the distance shipped), an increase of 6.8 per cent over the billion tonne-kilometres carried in T1.2 Summary of Australian coastal freight, 10 years to Financial year Loaded Unloaded Interstate Intrastate Total Interstate Intrastate Total (million tonnes) a a Loaded and unloaded interstate/intrastate tonnages do not balance due to problems with the reported origin/ destination of coastal freight. See explanatory notes for more details. Source: BITRE (2011). Coastal voyage permits In , ships using single voyage permits (SVPs) and continuous voyage permits (CVPs) moved 15.1 million tonnes of freight around the Australian coast (Table 1.3). This represented a 9.6 per cent increase on the figures. Container freight carried under permits increased 56.0 per cent from twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs) in to TEUs in Overall, the share of coastal freight carried under permits to the total coastal freight increased from 26.6 per cent in to 28.9 per cent in (Table 4.2). 2

15 Chapter 1 Overview T1.3 Summary of coastal voyage permits used, 8 years to Financial year a Voyages Freight carried Containers carried SVPs CVPs Total SVPs CVPs Total SVPs CVPs Total (number) (million tonnes) (TEU) a Data for has been updated as a result of new information. Source: DoIT (2011). Australian port activity The number of vessels involved in international shipping entering Australia rose from 4171 in to 4344 in , a 4.1 per cent increase. Over the same period the number of international voyages dropped 1.0 per cent, and the number of port calls made by all ships decreased 5.6 per cent (Table 1.4). T1.4 Summary of Australian port visits, 10 years to Financial year Unique international-trading International voyages Total port calls vessels (number) Note: A ship which sails to Australia 3 times and makes a total of 15 port calls in Australia in a year, counts as 1 ship, 3 voyages and 15 ship calls or visits. Results in this table may differ from those in past publications of this series due to updated data collection and analytic methodologies. Source: LMIU (2011). 3

16 BITRE Australian sea freight Australian trading fleet The number of ships and the total tonnage in the Australian trading fleet increased in (Table 1.5). The total number of ships increased from 94 to 97. The number of ships in the major trading fleet (vessels with 2000 or more deadweight tonnage), increased by 1 from the previous year to 74, and the number of ships in the minor trading fleet (vessels with less than 2000 deadweight tonnage) increased by 2 to 23. The total deadweight tonnage increased by 6.0 per cent to 3.1 million tonnes in T1.5 Summary of Australian trading fleet between 2001 and 2010 a Financial year b Number of ships Tonnage Major Minor Total Deadweight Gross trading fleet trading fleet ( 000 tonnes) ( 000 GT) Previously published Updated source data a b Sources: Chapter 6 and Glossary provide definitions of Australian trading fleet, major trading fleet and minor trading fleet. Before , the source of data for the Australian trading fleet was a hard copy source with long delays between updates. From an electronic data source has been used. LMIU (2011); Shipping companies (various) personal communications. 4

17 Chapter 2 International sea freight In , total international sea freight to and from Australia increased 13.5 per cent by weight, to million tonnes, compared to Imports and exports increased 4.9 and 14.4 per cent, respectively, by weight. However, the total value of sea freight fell 8.8 per cent in to $335.8 billion. The value of imports and exports respectively fell by 5.5 and 11.6 per cent. Handling of Australia s international sea freight by Australian ports In , Western Australia continued to record the largest value and volume of exports (Table 2.1). New South Wales received the most imports in value terms and Queensland received the largest volume of imports by weight. The ranking of states/territories by value and volume of international sea freight was the same for and T2.1 Australia's international sea freight by Australian state and territory of origin and final destination, State/territory Value Weight Exports Imports Exports Imports ($ millions) (tonnes) New South Wales Victoria Queensland South Australia Western Australia Tasmania Northern Territory Other a Foreign origin b Total a Other includes state/territory not specified, or state/territory confidentialised where ABS concludes that indicating a state of origin or destination for cargo may lead to disclosure of commercially sensitive information. b Foreign origin refers to cargo without an Australian origin. Most of this category refers to transhipped cargo. Note: Blank cells mean no data was recorded for the categories, while cells with an entry of 0 mean that data was recorded but rounded to zero. Source: ABS (2011). 5

18 BITRE Australian sea freight By port, Dampier (WA) handled the largest volume of exports by value and Port Hedland handled the largest volume of exports by weight in (Table 2.2). Melbourne handled the largest volume of imports by value, while Sydney (defined to include Botany Bay and Kurnell) continued to handle the largest volume of imports by weight in T2.2 Australia's international sea freight by Australian port, State/territory Australian port a Value Weight Exports Imports Exports Imports ($ millions) ( 000 tonnes) New South Wales Sydney/Botany Bay/Kurnell Newcastle Port Kembla Eden/Twofold Bay Coffs Harbour Other ports NSW Victoria Melbourne Geelong Portland Hastings/Westernport Other ports VIC Queensland Brisbane Hay Point/Dalrymple Bay Gladstone Townsville Abbot Point Mackay Cairns Karumba Lucinda Innisfail/Mourilyan Weipa Bundaberg Thursday Island Other ports QLD South Australia Adelaide Whyalla Port Lincoln Port Bonython Port Pirie Wallaroo Port Giles Thevenard Other ports SA (continued) 6

19 Chapter 2 International sea freight T2.2 Australia s international sea freight by Australian port, (continued) State/territory Australian port a Value Weight Exports Imports Exports Imports ($ millions) ( 000 tonnes) Western Australia Dampier Fremantle/Perth/Kwinana Port Hedland Port Walcott/Cape Lambert Bunbury Broome Esperance Geraldton Albany Yampi Sound Wyndham Cape Cuvier Useless Loop Various offshore facilities b Other ports WA Tasmania Bell Bay/Launceston Burnie Hobart Port Latta Devonport Spring Bay Other ports TAS Northern Territory Darwin Various offshore facilities b Other ports NT Other Other Australian ports c Total a Where port names are combined the ports are closely related (e.g., Sydney, Botany Bay and Kurnell), or the same port is named differently in different sources (e.g., Eden and Twofold Bay). Minor ports within each state/territory are aggregated into Other ports. Australian ports specified in each state/territory are sorted by the total value of imports and exports in descending order. b Some crude oil or gas exports from offshore terminals are reported by ABS for confidentiality reasons as exports from the nearest mainland port, although the actual cargo may not pass through that port. c Other Australian ports include ports with state/territory confidentialised where ABS concludes that indicating the state of origin or destination for cargo may lead to disclosure of commercially sensitive information. Note: Blank cells mean no data was recorded for this category, while cells with an entry of 0 mean that data was recorded but rounded to zero. Source: ABS (2011). 7

20 BITRE Australian sea freight Australia s maritime trading regions East Asia remained Australia s largest trading region in terms of total sea freight tonnage in Furthermore, East Asia advanced one place to become the largest trading region by value as well. Japan and North Asia and South East Asia were ranked second and third, respectively, by total value or total weight of all maritime trading (Table 2.3). The weight and value of exports to the largest export market, East Asia, increased 22.8 and 11.2 per cent respectively. The weight of exports to other major export markets, Japan and North Asia, South Asia, and North and Central America increased 10.7, 29.3, and 3.9 per cent, respectively. However, the value of exports to those regions decreased by 26.5, 6.5, and 22.1, respectively. The biggest decreases in exports was to Europe and Middle East each decreased 21.2 and 20.5 per cent by weight, and 33.6 and 28.1 per cent by value, respectively. For imports, as in , the region of South East Asia was Australia s largest supplier of imports by value in , followed by East Asia and Europe. Japan and North Asia and North and Central America supplied the majority of the remainder of imports by value. South East Asia continued to be Australia s largest source of imports by weight. Total imports from South East Asia in rose 1.8 per cent in weight yet fell 1.0 per cent in value compared with Figure 2.1 shows the value of international imports by region of origin, and Figure 2.2 shows the value of exports by region of final destination. T2.3 Australia's international sea freight by region of origin or final destination, Trading region a Value Weight Rank by total Exports Imports Exports Imports Value Weight ($ millions) ( 000 tonnes) East Asia Japan and North Asia South East Asia Europe North and Central America South Asia New Zealand Middle East Africa Pacific Islands and PNG b South America Rest of world Total a See Appendix: Trading regions and country codes for composition of trading regions. Regions are sorted by total value of imports and exports in a descending order. b PNG stands for Papua New Guinea. Source: ABS (2011). 8

21 Chapter 2 International sea freight F2.1 Australia s international imports by region of origin, ($ billions) Europe 29.6 Mid East 4.6 South Asia 1.9 East Asia 31.8 North Asia & Japan 24.4 North & Central America 15.2 SE Asia 36.1 Pacific & PNG 1.2 Africa 2.2 Rest of world 2.1 South America 2.1 New Zealand 5.7 Note: See Appendix: Trading regions and country codes for composition of trading regions. Source: ABS (2011). F2.2 Australia's international exports by region of final destination, ($ billions) Europe 9.8 Mid East 5.6 South Asia 10.2 East Asia 53.8 North Asia & Japan 52.0 North & Central America 8.4 SE Asia 23.8 Pacific & PNG 2.8 Africa 3.2 Rest of world 1.4 South America 1.9 New Zealand 6.3 Note: See Appendix: Trading regions and country codes for composition of trading regions. Source: ABS (2011). 9

22 BITRE Australian sea freight Trading partners by country In , China and Japan were the first and second largest trading partners for imports as well as exports by value. The total tonnage of maritime trade with the top 20 trading partner countries was 14.9 per cent higher in compared to However, the total value of imports and exports decreased 8.1 per cent. Total import tonnage from Australia s top three partners increased 8.6, 5.0, and 4.7 per cent, respectively, and total export tonnage increased 24.2, 11.9, and 7.9 per cent, respectively. T2.4 Australia s top 20 maritime trading partners, Rank by value Country of final destination Exports Country of origin Imports Value Weight Value Weight ($ millions) ( 000 tonnes) ($ millions) ( 000 tonnes) 1 China a China a Japan Japan Korea, Republic of United States of America India Singapore Singapore Thailand Taiwan Germany New Zealand Malaysia United States of America Korea, Republic of Indonesia New Zealand Malaysia Indonesia Thailand United Kingdom United Kingdom Italy Papua New Guinea Viet Nam United Arab Emirates Taiwan Netherlands Norway South Africa United Arab Emirates Saudi Arabia France Viet Nam Netherlands Brazil India Canada Canada Rest of world Rest of world Total Total a Including People s Republic of China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and Macau Special Administrative Region. Source: ABS (2011). 10

23 Chapter 2 International sea freight Overseas ports of loading or unloading Not all international sea freight travels directly from the country of origin to Australia or from Australia to its final destination. This section summarises information on overseas ports of loading and unloading (Table 2.5). These ports represent either the last port the cargo was loaded onto a ship prior to arriving in Australia, or the first port the cargo was unloaded from a ship after departing Australia. The data on ports of loading or unloading indicated the following changes compared with previous years: Loaded cargo The top four regions where the largest value of international sea cargo loaded remained the same and the value of the loaded cargo: fell 1.5 per cent for South East Asia; fell 7.3 per cent for East Asia; fell per cent for Europe; rose 4.7 per cent for Japan and North Asia. In , the following regions remained the top four regions where the largest volume of sea cargo by weight was loaded bound for Australia. The weight of the loaded cargo: rose 7.3 per cent for South East Asia; fell 0.2 per cent for Japan and North Asia; rose 7.9 per cent East Asia; rose 7.5 per cent for the Middle East. Africa experienced the biggest percentage increase among all regions in terms of cargo loaded in , with the weight and value increasing 84.8 and 24.0 per cent, respectively. Unloaded cargo In , Japan and North Asia, East Asia, South East Asia remained the top three regions where the largest value of Australian sea cargo was unloaded. South Asia replaced Europe as the fourth largest destination for Australian sea freight unloaded. Japan and North Asia and South Asia each recorded a 26.8 and 7.6 per cent drop in the value of unloaded cargo, while East Asia and South East Asia recorded a 9.6 and 2.5 per cent rise, respectively. The same four regions were the top regions where the largest volume of Australian sea freight by weight was unloaded in Among them three regions, East Asia, Japan and North Asia, South Asia, recorded a jump in the total tonnage of cargo unloaded by 22.8, 10.8 and 29.9 per cent, respectively. While the total tonnage of cargo unloaded in South East Asia, fell by 0.7 per cent. 11

24 BITRE Australian sea freight Europe experienced the biggest drop among all regions in terms of Australian cargo unloaded in , with the weight and value decreasing by 22.7 and 35.9 per cent respectively. Cargo unloaded in the Middle East experienced a large decline between and , with 34.9 and 20.6 per cent less value and weight of cargo unloaded than T2.5 Australia's international sea freight by region of loading and unloading, a Trading region b Value Weight Rank by total Loaded Unloaded Loaded Unloaded Value Weight ($ millions) ( 000 tonnes) East Asia South East Asia Japan and North Asia Europe North and Central America New Zealand South Asia Middle East Africa Pacific Islands and PNG c South America Rest of world Total a Freight reported as being loaded in overseas regions are Australian imports, and freight reported as being unloaded in overseas regions are Australian exports. b See Appendix: Trading regions and country codes for composition of trading regions. c PNG stands for Papua New Guinea. Source: ABS (2011). Commodity structure of Australia s international sea freight Table 2.6 lists the value and weight of Australian sea freight exports and imports by commodity type in Noticeable changes since include: In , Machinery rose by one position to become the most traded commodity by value, and Coal, coke and briquettes fell one place to become the second most traded commodity. Iron ore and concentrates, Road vehicles and transport equipment, and Petroleum oil remained the third to fifth most traded among all specified commodities. In terms of weight, Iron ore and concentrates, Coal, coke and briquettes, Petroleum oil, and Aluminium ores and concentrates, alumina, and Cereals and cereal preparations were the top five ranked specified commodities transported to and from Australian ports. This was consistent with

25 Chapter 2 International sea freight T2.6 Australia's international sea freight by commodity, Commodity a Value Weight Exports Imports Exports Imports ($ millions) ( 000 tonnes) 0 Food and live animals Meat and meat preparations Cereals and cereal preparations Vegetables and fruit Miscellaneous edible products and preparation Dairy products and birds eggs Feeding stuff for animals Fish, crustaceans, molluscs etc Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices etc Live animals Sugars, sugar preparations and honey Beverages and tobacco Wine and vermouth Spirits (potable), alcoholic beverages nes Tobacco and tobacco manufactures Non-alcoholic beverages nes Ale, beer and stout, cider (alcoholic) Crude materials inedible excluding fuels Iron ore and concentrates Other metalliferous ores and metal scrap Aluminium ores and concentrates, alumina Copper ores and concentrates Lead and zinc ores and concentrates Wool, sheep and lambs Cork and wood Cotton Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits Hides, skins and furskins, raw Pulp and waste paper Crude minerals Crude animal and vegetable materials nes Other textile fibres Mineral sands Crude rubber (including synthetic) Uranium and thorium ores and concentrates Fertilisers, crude (continued) 13

26 BITRE Australian sea freight T2.6 International freight by commodity, (continued) Commodity a Value Weight Exports Imports Exports Imports ($ millions) ( 000 tonnes) 3 Mineral fuels, lubricants, and related materials Coal, coke and briquettes Petroleum oil Petroleum oils and refined products Liquefied natural gas Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) Gases, natural and manufactured nes Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes Oils and fats Chemicals and related products nes Chemicals Plastics Organic chemicals Fertilisers, manufactured Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material Manufactures of metal nes Aluminium and aluminium alloys Iron and steel Copper and copper alloys Paper, paperboard and articles Rubber manufactures nes Textile yarn and fabrics Non-metallic mineral manufactures nes Zinc and zinc alloys Lead and lead alloys Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture) Nickel and nickel alloys Other non-ferrous metals nes Leather, leather manufactures nes Machinery and transport equipment Machinery Road vehicles and transport equipment Miscellaneous manufactured articles Miscellaneous manufactured articles Apparel and clothing access Footwear Commodities and transactions nes Confidential Miscellaneous Total a Commodity types within each group are sorted in descending order by total value of imports and exports. Note: Blank cells mean no data was recorded for the categories, while cells with an entry of 0 mean that data was recorded but rounded to zero, or suppressed due to confidentiality. nes not elsewhere specified. See glossary for further details. Source: ABS (2011). 14

27 Chapter 3 Coastal freight In , million tonnes of coastal cargo passed through Australian ports, an increase of 1.7 million tonnes (1.6 per cent) over (Table 3.1). Loaded cargo increased by 0.5 million tonnes to 52.1 million tonnes (Tables 3.1 and 3.6) and unloaded cargo increased by 1.2 million tonnes to 52.8 million tonnes (Table 3.7). Measured in tonne-kilometre terms, the total coastal freight task was billion tonne kilometres in (tonnes of cargo loaded times the distance shipped), increasing by 6.8 per cent from billion tonne kilometres in (see Table 3.2). Commodity structure of Australia s coastal freight In , the tonnage loaded for all commodity groups remain relatively stable compared to Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material and Crude materials, inedible, except fuels recovered slightly from the previous year. The tonnage carried increased respectively by 0.6 and 0.4 million tonnes in In contrast, the tonnage loaded for Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials decreased by 0.7 million tonnes in The overall increase in coastal tonnage loaded was 1.0 per cent (0.5 million tonnes) between and T3.1 Coastal freight loaded by commodity group, 10 years to Commodity group Financial year (million tonnes) 0 Food and live animals Beverages and tobacco Crude materials, inedible, except fuels Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes Chemicals and related products nes Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material Machinery and transport equipment Miscellaneous manufactured articles Commodities and transactions nes Total Note: nes not elsewhere specified. See glossary for further details. Source: BITRE (2011). 15

28 BITRE Australian sea freight In tonne-kilometres terms, total loaded coastal freight increased by 6.8 per cent (7.3 billion tonne-kilometres) in (Table 3.2), although the total tonnage loaded only increased 1.0 per cent (Table 3.1). The average shipping distance varies across different commodity groups. In , longer haulage freight commodities have increased as a share of total freight task. Most of the discrepancy between the growth in tonnage compared to growth in tonnekilometres is attributable to Crude materials, inedible, except fuel which increased by 6.8 billion tonne-kilometres, and Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material which increased by 1.3 billion tonne-kilometres. Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials experienced the biggest decrease (1.7 billion tonne-kilometres). T3.2 Coastal freight loaded by commodity group, 10 years to Commodity group Financial year (billion tonne-kilometres) 0 Food and live animals Beverages and tobacco Crude materials, inedible, except fuels Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes Chemicals and related products nes Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material Machinery and transport equipment Miscellaneous manufactured articles Commodities and transactions nes Total Note: nes not elsewhere specified. See glossary for further details. Source: BITRE (2011). Table 3.3 shows coastal freight by commodity group and state/territory of loading and unloading for

29 Chapter 3 Coastal freight T3.3 Coastal freight flows between states/territories by commodity group, State/territory of origin State/territory of destination Total NSW VIC QLD SA WA TAS NT ( 000 tonnes) 0 Food and live animals NSW VIC QLD SA WA TAS Subtotal Beverages and tobacco NSW VIC QLD WA TAS Subtotal Crude materials inedible except fuels NSW VIC QLD SA WA TAS Subtotal Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials NSW VIC QLD SA WA TAS Subtotal Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes NSW VIC QLD TAS NT Subtotal (continued) 17

30 BITRE Australian sea freight T3.3 Coastal freight flows between states/territories by commodity group, (continued) State/territory of origin State/territory of destination Total NSW VIC Qld SA WA TAS NT (thousand tonnes) 5 Chemicals and related materials nes NSW VIC QLD SA WA TAS Subtotal Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material NSW VIC QLD SA WA TAS Subtotal Machinery and transport materials NSW VIC QLD SA WA TAS Subtotal Miscellaneous manufactured articles NSW VIC QLD WA Subtotal Commodities and transactions nes NSW VIC QLD SA WA TAS NT Subtotal Total Note: Blank cells mean no data was recorded for the categories, while cells with an entry of 0 mean that data was recorded but rounded to zero. nes not elsewhere specified. See glossary for further details. Source: BITRE (2011). 18

31 Chapter 3 Coastal freight Cargo flows Table 3.4 shows that Queensland and Western Australia were respectively the state of origin for 39.3 and 21.6 per cent of coastal freight total tonnage in The states of origin for the rest of coastal freight, in descending order of market share, were Victoria (12.1 per cent), South Australia (10.9 per cent), Tasmania (9.5 per cent), New South Wales (6.5 per cent) and Northern Territory (0.1 per cent). This ordering of the states/territories by share in origin of coastal freight has not changed since T3.4 Coastal freight flows between states/territories, State/territory of origin State/territory of destination Total Share NSW VIC QLD SA WA TAS NT ( 000 tonnes) (%) NSW VIC QLD SA WA TAS NT Total Share (%) Note: Blank cells mean no data was recorded for the categories, while cells with an entry of 0 mean that data was recorded but rounded to zero. Source: BITRE (2011). F3.1 Coastal freight loaded by Australian state and territory, 10 years to Tonnes loaded (million tonnes) NSW VIC QLD SA WA TAS NT Source: BITRE (2011). 19

32 BITRE Australian sea freight Figures 3.1 and 3.2 show trends in total coastal freight loaded and unloaded by state/territory over the last 10 years. Noticeable changes since include: Increases in loaded tonnages in New South Wales and Queensland. Decreases in loaded tonnages in the Northern Territory, South Australia and Tasmania. Increases in unloaded tonnages in New South Wales, Queensland and South Australia. Decreases in unloaded tonnages in Western Australia, Victoria and Tasmania. F3.2 Coastal freight unloaded by Australian state and territory, 10 years to Tonnage unloaded (million tonnes) NSW VIC QLD SA WA TAS NT Source: BITRE (2011). Table 3.5 shows the cargo flows between the various state capitals and regional ports in each state/territory. In comparing the tonnages moved in with : The total tonnage of coastal freight shipped from Sydney increased from thousand tonnes in to 1.1million tonnes in , after the previous year s sharp decline. This increase was mainly due to the increased freight flow from Sydney to Brisbane and Fremantle in Other New South Wales ports recorded a 16.8 per cent increase in loaded freight. Freight shipped from Melbourne, regional Victorian ports, and regional Queensland ports remained relatively stable, while coastal freight from Brisbane recorded a 9.5 per cent increase in The amount of freight originating from Adelaide remained steady, while that from other South Australian ports decreased by 10.8 per cent. Freight shipped from Fremantle decreased by 19.3 per cent. Freight shipped from other Western Australian ports increased 11.6 per cent in

33 Chapter 3 Coastal freight T3.5 Coastal freight flows between Australian ports, Port of origin Port of destination Total Sydney Rest of NSW Melbourne Rest of VIC Brisbane Rest of QLD Adelaide Rest of SA Perth Rest of WA Hobart Rest of TAS Darwin Rest of NT (thousand tonnes) Sydney Rest of NSW Melbourne Rest of VIC Brisbane Rest of QLD Adelaide Rest of SA Perth Rest of WA Hobart Rest of TAS Darwin Rest of NT Total Note: Blank cells mean no data was recorded for the categories, while cells with an entry of 0 mean that data was recorded but rounded to zero. Sydney includes Sydney Harbour, Port Botany Bay and Kurnell. Perth includes Fremantle and Kwinana. Source: BITRE (2011). 21