Vehicle dimensions. and mass guide to factsheet 13 series. Factsheet. June Guide to the factsheet 13 series

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1 Vehicle imensions an mass guie to factsheet 13 series Factsheet 13 June 2013 IN (print) IN (online) The information in the factsheet 13 series escribes the legal requirements in the Lan Transport Rule: Vehicle Dimensions an Mass The factsheets also inclue information about subsequent relevant legislation. Your obligations for roa user charges (RUC) are not inclue here, refer to our website. Please note that RUC is being reviewe in Rea this factsheet for general information an then choose among the other factsheets for your specific vehicle or combination. This factsheet also contains the efinitions of terms as well as imension limits for stanar vehicles an mass limits for axles an axle sets. Lan Transport Rule: Vehicle Dimensions an Mass 2002 The Lan Transport Rule: Vehicle Dimensions an Mass 2002 (the Rule) applies to all vehicles first registere anywhere in the worl after 1 July 2002 an using New Zealan roas. Most vehicles complie with the new Rule when it came into force on 1 July 2002, but it i introuce some changes. The rule allowe vehicles first registere in New Zealan before 1 July 2002 that ha complie with previous legislation to continue to comply with that legislation. However, all heavy vehicles must now meet the static roll threshol requirements (see factsheet 13e tatic roll threshols an all heavy-vehicle combinations must comply with the trailer: truck mass ratio (set out in this factsheet). Lan Transport Rule: Vehicle Dimensions an Mass Amenment 2010 The factsheet 13 series inclues changes mae by the Lan Transport Rule: Vehicle Dimensions an Mass Amenment 2010 (the Rule Amenment), in force from 1 May Changes in maximum imensions have been highlighte so you can quickly see how you might be affecte, an inicate the previous limit. The table opposite sets out some of the changes to this an other factsheets cause by this Rule Amenment. If you moify your rigi vehicle or heavy trailer to take avantage of new imension limits, you will nee to have the moification certifie by a heavy vehicle specialist certifier. A list of these can be foun on the NZ Transport Agency (NZTA) website. Two new factsheets have been create: Factsheet 13f has been prepare to clarify ifferences in imension limits allowe for heavy buses as well as a ispensation for bike racks an their special operating conitions. Guie to the factsheet 13 series Number Title 13 Vehicle imensions an mass: Guie to the factsheet 13 series an general information 13a 13b 13c Provies general information about the legal maximum imension an mass limits for stanar vehicles on New Zealan roas. Inclues upate tables of the allowe imension limits for stanar vehicles, as of 1 May Certain imension increases will mean that some vehicles that previously require permits or exemptions to operate will no longer require these, as these new limits are allowe as of right. For example, a logging truck that previously operate on a 22 metre loa-overhang permit will no longer nee that permit. However, it will nee to have a removable or ajustable rear unerrun protection system fitte. This factsheet contains a comprehensive reference of efinitions an specifications from the rule; some of these have been remove from other factsheets in this series. The rawings have been simplifie by using a reference number on the rawing with the imension an text etails below. Heavy rigi vehicles pecific requirements for buses have been remove an place in the new factsheet 13f. Dimensions have been upate in line with the Rule Amenment. Light rigi vehicle There are no changes for light rigi vehicles as a result of the Rule Amenment. Heavy trailers an vehicle combinations (full, semi, simple, pole, A- an B-train) This factsheet has been re-name an information clarifie so that it refers to heavy-vehicle combinations with each trailer type having its own section. There have been some increases in stanar vehicle imensions as of right, for example a simple trailer can now be 12.5 metres long. General towing information an some efinitions have been remove an put into this factsheet. Factsheet 13g escribes the high prouctivity motor vehicle (HPMV) permit system.

2 Number continue 13 13e 13f 13g Title continue Light trailers (light simple trailers) The Rule Amenment has allowe a stanar light simple trailer to be 12.5 metres long, an the combination of vehicle an trailer to be 22 metres long. tatic roll threshols There are no changes to this factsheet, an no change to the minimum static roll threshol (RT) requirements. Note that a vehicle operating on an HPMV permit must meet this minimum static roll threshol requirement, refer to factsheet 13g. Heavy buses This is a new factsheet. It brings together various bus-only rule requirements that were either previously sprea throughout other factsheets in this series, or are results of the Rule Amenment. High prouctivity motor vehicles (HPMVs) This new factsheet was introuce to explain what an HPMV is, an how to apply for a HPMV permit. It also ientifies requirements that nee to be met for your vehicle to be eligible for a HPMV permit, an requirements that may be in the permit conitions. It inclues the mass tables that can be use to give an eligible vehicle a higher mass limit above 44,000kg. What if my vehicle oes not meet the mass imension limits? If your vehicle excees any of the mass or imension limits in the Rule Amenment (as escribe in this factsheet), then you will not be allowe to operate it on New Zealan roas, unless it is eligible to be one of the following: Overimension vehicles or loas If you want to carry an inivisible loa that excees any of the imension limits in the rule (ie an overimension loa) on a legally imensione vehicle, or to operate a special overimension vehicle, rea factsheet 53 Overimension vehicles an loas or contact the Overimension Permit Issuing Agency on 0800 OVERIZE ( ). Overweight vehicles or loas If the vehicle or loa excees the maximum permitte weights escribe in this factsheet, an you believe you re eligible for an overweight permit, contact your nearest NZTA office. High prouctivity motor vehicles (HPMVs) In 2010 a new permit system was introuce for HPMVs. These carry a ivisible loa an may be over-length an/or over-weight but not over-with or over-height. Refer to factsheet 13g High prouctivity motor vehicles. What are the general mass (weight) limits on New Zealan roas? The wors mass an weight are sometimes use interchangeably though they mean the same thing. For example a vehicle s tare (in kilograms) is its unlaen mass, but you woul measure it by using a weighbrige. There are two ifferent types of mass limit that apply to your vehicle an its loa. First, there is the limitation impose by the vehicle s esign an construction. You must not excee the vehicle ratings specifie by the vehicle manufacturer for the chassis, axles, tyres an other components of the vehicle. For example, you are not allowe to loa your vehicle above the specifie maximum gross vehicle mass (GVM), gross combination mass (GCM), brake coe mass (BCM) or tow a loa greater than the rawbar is rate for. econ, limits to axle mass are impose to protect the roa infrastructure. This is because certain sections of roas in New Zealan are not built to the same strength specifications as in other countries. To fin the operating gross mass (weight) of your vehicle a the tare mass of the unlaen vehicle to the mass of the loa the vehicle is carrying. You must take into account any mass transferre to the rigi vehicle by an attache trailer. You can also measure this mass by using a weighbrige. This total mass must not excee any of the vehicle s esign limits or the roa limits. Axles can have ifferent types of tyres fitte to them, an the allowe mass changes epening on which type you are using. L T ingle stanar-tyre axle (inclues two axles space less than one metre apart). ingle large-tyre axle tyres at least 330 millimetres (13 inch) with by 24 inch iameter or 355 millimetres (14 inch) with by 19.5 inch iameter (inclues two axles space less than one metre apart). Twin-tyre axle. The limits on the weight of vehicles on New Zealan roas an briges have been introuce to protect roas that are esigne an are maintaine to a level calle Class 1. HEAVY VEHICLE BRIDGE LIMIT AXLE kg GRO 50% OF CLA 1 PEED 15 km/h Note: ome roas an briges have lower weight limits than Class 1. These lower limits have been impose by the Roa Controlling Authority (RCA) to protect particular briges or roas from amage. These special limits are inicate on roa signs that rea Class C or Heavy Vehicle Axle Limit or Heavy Vehicle Brige Limits. Only vehicles within the specifie limits can use these roas or briges. For example, if you want to cross a brige isplaying the above sign, then an iniviual axle (not axle set) must not excee 4300kg, each axle set must not excee 50 percent of the axle set limits in the rule, an the vehicle must not travel over the brige faster than 15km/h. Note that some of these signs will not have all three restrictions liste, for example if there is no spee liste, you can cross at the appropriate spee.

3 What is the minimum mass on front axles? In orer to retain sufficient grip on the roa surface when turning, your vehicle must have sufficient mass (weight) on the front axle(s). This mass shouln t be less than 20 percent (one fifth) of the total mass on the axles of the vehicle. Drivers nee to be aware of this at all times. The vehicle nees to be loae in an appropriate way so this is achieve. Placing the full loa behin the rear axles of the vehicle isn t recommene. This guiance has been introuce to make sure that vehicles with an increase rear overhang (which the Rule allows) retain front traction an an remain stable. Heavy rigi vehicles first registere in New Zealan on or after 1 July 2002 must have at least 20 percent of their mass on the front axles at all times. Drivers of vehicles that tow simple trailers (ie those with one axle set which aren t semi-trailers) also nee to be aware that the simple trailer can impose a large weight on the rear of the towing vehicle. This impose weight can (by lever action through the chassis of the vehicle) reuce the effective mass bearing on the front axle(s) of the towing vehicle. Therefore simple trailers nee to be loae carefully so their loa is istribute centrally over the axle(s) of the trailer. This will allow the towing vehicle to maintain front wheel traction. Note: There nees to be a small ownwar force on the tow coupling, to make sure a simple trailer remains stable while it s being towe. The ownwar force shoul be about 10 percent of the weight of the trailer an its loa. What is the trailer:truck mass ratio? Heavy trailers have been ientifie as more likely to show stability problems than buses or trucks. For this reason the maximum mass on the axles of a heavy trailer is limite, an can t be more than 50 percent higher than the mass of the vehicle which tows it. Trailers within this limit are easier to control when braking an uring emergency manoeuvres. This limitation on the mass of a heavy trailer applies at all times when heavy trailers are being move in areas open to public access. Mass ratio of towe vehicles For a rigi vehicle (truck, tractor or ute) towing one heavy vehicle, the ratio of gross mass of the towe vehicle to gross mass of the towing vehicle must not excee 1.5. Gross towe vehicle mass = 1.5 or less Gross towing vehicle mass This requirement oesn t apply if the spee of the combination vehicle is less than 40km/h, or the vehicle is operating uner an overweight permit with a vehicle axle inex above 1.1. For a rigi vehicle towing two vehicles, the ratio of the gross mass of the rearmost vehicle to the total gross mass of the rigi vehicle an the first towe vehicle must not excee 1.5. How o I assess stability by static roll threshol (RT)? The stability of vehicles can be greatly affecte by the way they re loae. The loa nees to be arrange so that its mass an height are appropriate for the esign of the vehicle an type of loa. The RT of a vehicle is a measure of the potential for that vehicle to roll over sieways. Vehicles with a low RT are more likely to roll over than those with a higher RT, especially when going aroun sharp bens an in suen emergency maneuvers. That means the lower your RT the less stable your vehicle is. To improve their stability, heavy vehicles with a gross vehicle mass (GVM) greater than certain specifie limits must meet or excee a minimum RT value. Trucks The heaviest class of trucks (class NC with GVM over 12 tonnes) must meet a minimum RT of 0.35g (where g is the acceleration ue to gravity). They aren t, however, require to be certifie. Factsheet 13e tatic roll threshols contains further information. Trailers If their loa or boy is more than 2.8 metres high, the heaviest class of trailers (class TD, with GVM over 10 tonnes) nee to be assesse for their tenency to roll over when loae. This assessment is manatory for all of these vehicles. Trailers that on t meet the require level of stability will have their capacity to carry their existing loa type reuce, coul be recertifie to carry a ifferent type of loa, or will nee to be ajuste or moifie to improve their stability. Axle mass (weight) limits for stanar vehicles The following mass limits inicate the maximum mass (weight) allowe on Class 1 roas. There are three roa-impose legal mass limits that you must not excee: 1. The iniviual axle limit, an 2. The axle set limit, an 3. The combine axle set limit, which epens on the istance from the first axle in any set to the last axle in any other set. Note: As well as not exceeing an iniviual axle limit you must also meet the axle group limit. This means that you may not be able to loa each axle to its maximum legal limit, because this coul overloa the axle set or group. Rear towe vehicle gross mass Truck gross mass + first towe vehicle gross mass = 1.5 or less Operators will nee to ensure the vehicle that moves a loae heavy trailer has sufficient mass for the purpose. It may be necessary to change loaing practices so this can be achieve. This requirement mainly affects the movement of full an simple trailers. emi-trailers an B-trains are less likely to be affecte because part of the mass of these trailers is borne by the towing vehicle.

4 1: Iniviual axle limits ingle axle or axle set L T (One axle or a ual axle of two axles less than one metre apart.) 2: Axle-set limits Qua-axle set L L L or T T T space m= 20,000 L T 5500 Axle set mass limits are in place ue to the concentration effect of having two axles close together. If each axle was loae to the maximum allowe for it, excess roa amage woul result. Below are the possible combinations. ome axle sets o not have loa sharing so a tolerance is allowe, which is why in some cases the axle set limit is less than the sum of the iniviual axle limits. Tanem axle set twin steer (Two axles space more than one metre but less than two metres apart.) Note: The two metres maximum oes not apply to twin steer axle sets. Tri-axle set , ,000 T (Three axles space more than two metres but less than three metres apart.) , ,000 twin L steer L L L ,800 T T L T space <1.3m = 14, m= 15, m = 15,500 L L L or T T T space m = 15, m = 17, m = 18, ,000 L with 40/60 loa share = 13,600 with 45/55 loa share = 14,500 Note: For weights on oscillating axles an other axle combinations not shown here, see the Rule. 3: Combine axle-set limits Maximum vehicle an axle mass (kilograms): The total mass of a heavy vehicle or vehicle combination must be within the limits set out below, when the istance from any axle in any set is measure to any other axle in another set. The table below gives the maximum allowe sum of the mass on any two or more axles that together o not constitute a single tanem axle set, a single tri-axle set or single qua-axle set, where the istance from the centre of the first axle to the centre of the last axle is 1.8 metres or more (incluing maximum gross weight). 1.8m but less than 2.5m 15,500kg 2.5m but less than 3.0m 17,500kg 3.0m but less than 3.3m 19,000kg 3.3m but less than 3.6m 20,000kg 3.6m but less than 4.0m 21,000kg 4.0m but less than 4.4m 22,000kg 4.4m but less than 4.7m 23,000kg 4.7m but less than 5.1m 24,000kg 5.1m but less than 5.4m 25,000kg 5.4m but less than 5.8m 26,000kg 5.8m but less than 6.4m 27,000kg 6.4m but less than 7.0m 28,000kg 7.0m but less than 7.6m 29,000kg 7.6m but less than 8.2m 30,000kg 8.2m but less than 8.8m 31,000kg 8.8m but less than 9.4m 32,000kg 9.4m but less than 10.0m 33,000kg 10.0m but less than 10.8m 34,000kg 10.8m but less than 11.6m 35,000kg 11.6m but less than 12.0m 36,000kg 12.0m but less than 12.5m 37,000kg 12.5m but less than 13.2m 38,000kg 13.2m but less than 14.0m 39,000kg 14.0m but less than 14.8m 40,000kg 14.8m but less than 15.2m 41,000kg 15.2m but less than 15.6m 42,000kg 15.6m but less than 16.0m 43,000kg 16.0m or more 44,000kg Note: Vehicles can operate at higher mass on certain routes if on an HPMV permit, see factsheet 13g.

5 What are the imension limits for stanar vehicles? The law states the maximum allowe with, height an other imensions for vehicles to be allowe on New Zealan roas, which have been esigne an built to accommoate these imensions. If your vehicle fits within these imensions it is calle a stanar-size vehicle. ummary table of imension limits for rigi vehicles A rigi vehicle has two axle sets, a river s position, a system, motive power an a single rigi chassis. height 2 All imension limits are maximums, in metres (m) or millimetres (mm), unless otherwise state. For more etaile information see the appropriate vehicle factsheet. 5 wheelbase 1 forwar istance 4 rear overhang 3 overall length Maximum with Maximum height 4.25m Rigi vehicles Light vehicles (factsheet 13b) Heavy vehicles (factsheet 13a) Not towing Towing Not towing Towing Two-wheele vehicles (Classes AA, AB, LA, LC); 1.0m. All others: 2.5m. Maximum forwar istance 9.5m 8.5m 9.5m 8.5m Maximum rear overhang 4m from rear axis. With non- rearmost axle, the lesser of 4m from rear axis or 70% of foremost axle to rear axis. With rearmost axle, the lesser of 4.25m from rear axis or 70% of foremost axle to rear axis. A rigi bus that excees 12.6m in length, the lesser of 4.5m or 72% of wheelbase. Maximum front overhang Maximum overall length of vehicle Groun clearance Maximum turning circle 3m ahea of front of river s seat when in its rearmost position (4m for an agricultural vehicle). 12.6m 11.5m 12.6m* 11.5m Light: No require minimum, but if light motor vehicles an trailers have their suspension moifie so groun clearance is less than 100mm, then that suspension must be approve by a Low Volume Vehicle Certifier. Heavy: Minimum is the greater of 100mm OR 6% of the istance from the nearest axle to the point where the groun clearance is measure. 25m iameter from wall to wall, excluing collapsible mirrors. Maximum intervehicle spacing N A N A N A N A Minimum RT N A 0.35g (class NC only over 12 tonnes GVM) *Note: ome buses can be longer, refer to factsheet 13f. ummary table of imension limits for vehicle combinations A combination vehicle is mae up of a rigi vehicle towing another vehicle or vehicles. 3 overall length 2 height 5 wheelbase 1 forwar istance 4 rear overhang 1 forwar istance 4 rear overhang 3 overall length 6 overall length of combination

6 Maximum with Maximum height 4.25m Maximum forwar istance (ee factsheet 13c for specific forwar istance efinitions (how they are measure) Maximum rear overhang Maximum front overhang Trailer with one axle set Trailers an vehicle combinations Trailer with two axle set emi imple Pole Full Pole Two-wheele vehicles (Classes AA, AB, LA, LC); 1.0m. All others: 2.5m. 9.2m (previously 8.5m). 8.5m 8.5m with fully extene rawbar. Light: 4m from rear axis. Heavy: Lesser of 4.3m (previously 4m) from rear axis or 50% of forwar istance except for Class TC caravan trailer, they are the lesser of 4m or 65% of forwar istance. of centre of kingpin. Lesser of 4m or 50% of tow coupling to rear axis. of centre of tow coupling. of centre of turntable on tow vehicle 8.5m 8.5m with fully extene rawbar. Lesser of 4m or 50% of front axis to rear axis. of centre of turntable. of centre of turntable on tow vehicle. Maximum length of vehicle N A 12.5m (previously 11.5m) 11.5m excluing loa 11.5m 11.5m excluing loa Maximum overall vehicle combination length Groun clearance Maximum turning circle 19m (previously 18m) or 18m if a qua with two axles. 22m (previously 20m) 20m (inclues A-trains an B-trains an heavy rigi vehicles towing two trailers) Light: No require minimum, but if light motor vehicles an trailers have their suspension moifie so groun clearance is less than 100mm, then that suspension must be approve by a Low Volume Vehicle Certifier. Heavy: Minimum is the greater of 100mm or 6% of the istance from the nearest axle to the point where the groun clearance is measure. 25m iameter from wall to wall, excluing collapsible mirrors. Intervehicle spacing N A 4m N A 4m max, 1m min (factsheet 13c) RT Light: N/A. Heavy: A Class TD trailer (over 10 tonnes GVM) with a loa or boy height over 2.8m above groun must be certifie as having an RT of 0.35g or higher. There are certain items that, for practicality, are allowe in aition to the maximum with an height limits for a vehicle. These are as follows. N A What items are not inclue in etermining the with of a vehicle? The following items are not inclue in etermining the with of a vehicle: sie marker lamps an irection inicators collapsible mirrors that exten not more than 240 millimetres beyon the sie of the vehicle or its trailer ropes, lashings, straps, chains, an relate connectors or tensioning evices that exten not more than 25 millimetres from either sie of the vehicle an are neither permanently nor rigily fixe to the vehicle J-hook assemblies that exten not more than 25 millimetres from either sie of the vehicle, not more than metres when measure from the vehicle s longituinal centre line, an that comply with the ratings specifie on the manufacturer s plate affixe to the stockcrate or bin that is being secure central tyre inflation system hoses that exten not more than 75 millimetres beyon the outsie of the tyre on the rive axles of a heavy motor vehicle huboometers that exten not more than 75 millimetres beyon the 2.5 metres with limit from a non-lifting, non axle whose outer casings are of a light colour, provie the huboometer is fitte on the axle that causes the least overwith cab exterior grabrails that exten not more than 50 millimetres from either sie of the vehicle the bulge towars the bottom of a tyre the wheels, on a rear- single large-tyre axle of a rigi vehicle, that exten not more than 25 millimetres from either sie of the vehicle.

7 What items are not inclue in etermining the height of a vehicle? Loa-restraining evices, such as ropes, lashings, straps, chains, covers an relate connectors an tensioning evices, that exten not more than 25 millimetres above the boy or loa of the vehicle, an that are neither permanently nor rigily fixe to the vehicle. What are the limits for projecting loas? Vehicles may carry loas which are higher, longer or wier than the imensions of the vehicle itself, provie that the loa oesn t excee the maximum permitte imensions for that class an type of vehicle, an the vehicle can be move safely when loae. It s the operator s responsibility to ensure the loa is properly secure to the vehicle so that the vehicle remains stable at all times, an the loa or parts of it cannot fall off. Trucks towing full trailers can have an overhanging loa up to 2.3 metres wie (1.15 metres each sie of the centre line), extening over the 20 metres maximum vehicle length to a maximum of 22 metres. There is a requirement for a certifie rear unerrun system (contact a specialist heavy vehicle certifier for etails) to be fitte if this overhang excees one metre, an the warning evices escribe below are still require. Please refer to the factsheet 13c section on full trailers. Loas that overhang the outsie of the boy or eck of the vehicle by more than one metre to the front or rear, or more than 200 millimetres to the left or right sie, nee to carry special warning evices attache to the overhanging en(s) of the loa. During the hours of arkness, the flags or hazar panels must be replace with lights attache to the loa as follows: For loas over one metre wie an extening more than one metre from the rear of the vehicle, one re lamp (facing towar the rear) on each sie of loa. For loas up to one metre wie an extening more than 1m from the rear of the vehicle, one re lamp (facing towar the rear) at the centre of loa. For loas over one metre wie an extening from the front of the vehicle, one white or amber lamp (facing towar the front) on each sie of loa. For loas up to one metre wie an extening more than 1m from the front of the vehicle, one white or amber lamp (facing towar the front) at the centre of loa. For loas extening more than 200 millimetres beyon the sie of the boy of the vehicle, one re lamp (facing towar the rear) on each sie of the loa at the rear an one white or amber lamp (facing towar the front) on each sie of the loa at the front. These lights nee to be clearly visible in clear weather at a istance of at least 200 metres uring the hours of arkness. This applies to all vehicles, regarless of when they were first registere. Please note: Goos service vehicles parke on a roaway must have a re light on the rear of the vehicle, or on the rear of projecting loas that exten more than 1.5 metres behin the vehicle. Flags or warning panels (in aylight), or white an amber lamp(s) (at night), must be attache to the front of the loa Flags or warning panels (in aylight), or re lamp(s) (at night), must be attache to the front of the loa During the hours of aylight, there must be either: a clean white, or fluorescent re, orange or yellow flag, at least 400 millimetres long by 300 millimetres wie, or a frangible hazar warning panel (see iagrams below). 1m 1m 400mm Orange 400mm Orange 200mm 200mm 200mm 200mm General information about towing Light vehicle towing A light rigi vehicle (for example, a car or ute with a gross vehicle mass up to 3.5 tonnes) may only tow one vehicle. A light tractor, however, is allowe to tow two light vehicles at a spee not greater than 50km/h. 200mm Orange 200mm 200mm Orange 200mm Minimum imensions of hazar warning panels, which can be use instea of flags on projecting loas. Towing a trailer an a motor vehicle A heavy rigi vehicle can only tow both a trailer an an unpowere rigi vehicle if either: the rigi vehicle tows a semi-trailer, which tows an unpowere rigi vehicle, or the total gross mass of the combination is less than 20 tonnes an the rearmost vehicle is a light trailer or other light motor vehicle. Towing two motor vehicles A heavy rigi vehicle can only tow one unpowere heavy rigi vehicle. A heavy rigi vehicle can tow two rigi vehicles without power only if:

8 the gross mass of the combination is less than 20 tonnes, an able to oscillate, that is, one wheel can rise while the other falls. the last vehicle is a light rigi vehicle, an at least one towing connection between consecutive vehicles is a rigi bar or A-frame. Plan of vehicle Minimum 500mm Minimum 500mm Minimum 500mm Definitions an specifications Axles ingle axle set means either one axle or two axles have their centres space less than one metre apart. Tanem axle set means two axles have their centres space no less than one metre an no more than two metres apart. Tri-axle set means there are three axles an: the centres of the first an thir axles are space not less than two metres an not more than three metres apart, an all axles contain an equal number of tyres, an none of the axles is a single stanar-tyre axle. Twin-steer axle set means an axle set of two axles with single tyres, where both axles are connecte to the same mechanism in orer to steer similarly. Qua-axle set means a set of four axles where: the centres of the first an fourth axles are space no less than 3.75 metres an no more than four metres apart, an all axles contain an equal number of tyres, an Overall length The overall length of any combination of vehicles must not excee 20 metres or 22 metres for a rigi vehicle an simple trailer combination or any combination with a rear full trailer carrying a reuce with loa overhang utilizing a certifie unerrun system, see the factsheet 13c section on full trailers for etails. Outsie turning circle A vehicle, incluing a combination truck an towe vehicle or vehicles, must be able to complete a 360 egree turn, both to the left an to the right, within a 25 metre iameter circle (wall to wall). The only projections which can be outsie this circle are collapsible mirrors. No part of a vehicle in a combination, other than its tow coupling, may come into contact with another vehicle in the combination when performing this turn. Rear axis Rear axis () is the point at which the vehicle rotates about uring a turn. If the vehicle has only one non- axle, the is at the centre of that axle. none of the tyres is a single stanar tyre. Forwar istance Forwar istance, for a rigi vehicle, means the istance from the rear axis to the front of the vehicle or its loa, whichever is foremost (excluing collapsible mirrors). If the vehicle has a tanem axle set with only non- axles in its rear axle set an each axle has an equal number of tyres on it, the is miway between the centres of the axles. /2 /2 The maximum forwar istance, for heavy rigi vehicles without a tow coupling, is 9.5 metres. Heavy rigi vehicles with a tow coupling are restricte to a maximum forwar istance of 8.5 metres. The forwar istance for trailers is efine (measure) ifferently epening on the specific esign (see factsheet 13c). Groun clearance Groun clearance is the istance from the groun to any part of the vehicle except for flexible muflaps, wheels, tyres an evices esigne to ischarge static electricity. Inter-vehicle spacing Inter-vehicle istance is the space between any two consecutive vehicles in a combination not incluing the rawbeam. Oscillating axle A pair of short axles in the same line across the vehicle, each axle being: If the vehicle has a tanem axle set with only non- axles in its rear axle set an one axle has twice as many tyres on it as the other axle, the is positione two-thirs of the istance from the lesser tyre axle towars the greater tyre axle. If the vehicle has a non tri-axle set in its rear axle set, the is miway between the extreme axles of the set. If the vehicle has one axle in its rear set together with one non- axle, the is at the non- axle. 2/3 /3 /2 /2 mounte with two wheels on it (with each wheel at least 500 millimetres apart across the vehicle), an teering Non-

9 If the vehicle has one or two axles in its rear set together with two non- axles, the is miway between the extreme non axles of the set. If the vehicle has one or more retracting axles in its rear set together with one or more non-retracte axles, the is miway between the extreme nonretracte axles of the set. Qua-axle sets If the vehicle has a qua-axle set with axles, the rear axis is as below: non- /2 /2 retracte Rear overhang Rear overhang means the istance from the rear axis to the rear of the vehicle or its loa, whichever is greater. pee of heavy vehicles without suspension The maximum spee of heavy vehicles without springs or other effective cushioning suspension is limite to the lesser of 45km/h or the manufacturer s rating (typically the tyres will have a maximum allowable spee). pee of towing vehicles Vehicles towing trailers (full, semi or simple) or other motor vehicles are limite to a maximum open roa spee of 90km/h. Vehicles towing another vehicle without a rigi towing system are limite to 50km/h. Drivers of these vehicles still nee to obey lower spee limits set for particular roas. Wheelbase Wheelbase is measure from the rear axis to the centre of the foremost axle. /2 /2 Where can I fin out more? Factsheets 13a, 13b, 13c, 13, 13e, 13f an 13g. non- non- Factsheet 53 Overimension vehicles an loas. Guie to safe loaing an towing for light vehicles. Lan Transport Rule 41001: Vehicle Dimensions an Mass 2002 an its subsequent amenments. non- non- non- non- non- The information in this factsheet is a general guie only. It is not the source of the law an shoul not be use in place of authoritative legal ocuments. ome factsheets are upate frequently an print versions can quickly become out of ate. If the currency of the information you are reaing is important, check the factsheet inex on our website ( or call us on Contact etails Call our contact centre: Visit our website: us: info@nzta.govt.nz.