Efficiency of sprayer equipped by micronair nozzles (CDA) in chemical control of Sunn pest nymphs

Transcription

1 1 (CDA) Efficiency of sprayer equipped by micronair nozzles (CDA) in chemical control of Sunn pest nymphs - - ( : : ) %.. %... (CDA) % / / ). / 1- Controlled Droplet Application Corresponding author: asheikhi48@gmail.com

2 ... (CDA) :. ( / ± / ( / )..(/-%/) ±. ± (CDA).. CDA : Abstract For nearly 50 years, insecticides have been used for sunn pest control. The foliar spraying is the most widely used application method in Iran. More than 75 percent of total sprayed areas belongs to ground application and the rest is covered by aerial application. Hydraulic lance sprayers (HLS) are the most common ground sprayer used in sunn pest control. Financial restraints such as the cost of labor, water and environmental pollution have necessitated new techniques. A HLS was compared with a Controlled Droplet Application (CDA) or micronair to find the most effective way to spray fenitrothion for control sunn pest nymphs in wheat field. Three micronair treatments (fenitrothion EC 50% at 0.5, 0.75 and 1 L/ha), one HLS treatment (fenitrothion EC 50% at 1.3 L/ha) and control were tested in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. This experiment was carried out at three nymphal stages of sunn pest (2 nd, 4 th and 5 th ). Only micronair treatment at 0.5 L/ha was significantly less efficient than the other treatments (85±1.9%) in control of sunn pest nymphs. But the rest of micronair treatments controlled sunn pest nymphs in the same rate as HLS treatment ( %). In all of the micronair treatments, insecticide deposit on high canopy was more than HLS treatment. The waste of spray and mechanical damage to wheat fields by CDA were much lower than by HLS. The CDA is light and easy to use and requires liter of spray per hectare wheras HLS requires L/ha. The CDA is proper sprayer for fields where the conventional sprayers even aerial sprayer, could not be used. It is concluded that light weight, accurate delivery and controlled droplet application in CDA

3 : create a more efficient technique to apply pesticides being unavailable before. Key words: CDA, Micronair, Rotary disc, Application technique, chemical control, sunn pest Eurygaster integriceps Put / /. -. %/ %/..(Moein et al., 2004)..(Fallah Jedi, 2000) ( - ).(Moein et al., 2004).(Matthews, 1999). CDA.(Matthews, 1999)

4 ... (CDA) : CDA.(Bals, 1969) -. % CDA.(Cauquil, 1987). ULV - CDA. CDA (Mercer, 1976).(Bateman, 2000) (Raheja, 1976) (Picken et al., 1981) (Quin et al., 1975).(Jago, 1992).(Povey et al., 1996) ( ) ±. ± - Spinning disc

5 : ( ).. ) ( ) / EC %50 / / (... - ) (... /.(df = 3, 9; F = 5.33; P < 0.05; cv = 1.43) (df = 3, 9; F = 4.64; P < 0.05; cv = 17.08) % ± / / (df = 3, 9; F = 7.96; P < 0.05; cv = 7.09).( )

6 ... (CDA) : ( ) ( ) % / / /. ± %. % -. % -. % %- %... %.( )..

7 - Table 1- Mean efficacy percentage of treatments at different developmental stages of sunn pest % Efficacy % ( ) Treatments Dosage (L/ha) The 2ed instar nymphs The 4th instar nymphs The 5th instar nymphs Lance sprayer Micronair sprayer Micronair sprayer Micronair sprayer ±0.5 a 95.38±5.4 a 98.96±0.4 a ±0.5 a 90.35±6.5 a 96.54±2.8 a ±0.3 a 92.72±5.6 a 80.27±19.5 b ±2.63 b 81.31±8.3 b 79.91±9.9 b. %.# Means followed by the same letter in a column are not significantly different at 5%level using Duncan multiple range test.

8 ... (CDA) :.. %..(Corshee, 1960) ( ).. %. % ). ( /.. ( -)..(Poehling, 1990)

9 : Bottom leaf Flag and First leaves Head Bottom leaf Flag and First leaves Head 100% a 80% % Deposite % Deposite 60% 40% 20% 0% Lance Lance1.3 L/ha Mic. Mic. 0.5 L/ha Mic. Mic L/ha Mic. Mic. 1L/ha 1 L/ha 0.5L/ha Treatment 0.75L/ha treatmants Bottom leaf Flag and First leaves Head b Deposite (µg/ 5stems) Lance L/ha Mic. 0.5L/ha Mic. 0.75L/ha L/ha Mic. 1L/ha 1 L/ha Treatments (b) (a) -.(Mic. : Lance : ) Fig. 1- The deposit percentages (a) and weight (b) of fenitrothion on different levels of plant in rain-fed field of wheat (Lance: lance sprayer & Mic.: micronair).

10 ... (CDA) :..(Rajabi, 2000). %- ( ). ( / ) ( ).(Jensen & Spliid, 2003). ( ). (Langhof et al., 2003) ( ) ).(Jepson, 1989; Croft, 1990) (.. ( )

11 :.... BALS, E. J The principal of and new developments in Ultera Low Volume spraying. Proc. 5 th Br. Insectic. Fungic. Conf. British Crop Protection Council, BATEMAN, R. P The spray application of biopesticides to perennial crops. In: Lacey, L.; Kaya, H. (eds.) Field Manual of techniques in Invertebrate Pathology, Kluwer in CAUQUIL, J Cotton-pest control; a review of the introduction of Ultra Low Volume (ULV) spraying in sub Saharan French-speaking Africa. Crop protection, 6 (1), CORSHEE, R. J Some aspect of the application of insecticides. Annual Review of entomology, 5: CROFT, B. A Arthropod biological control agents and pesticides. John Wiley and Sons Inc. New York. 723 PP. FALLAH JEDI, R Structure and application of conventional sprayers of Iran. Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Nashr-e Amozesh keshvarzi, 150pp, in Persian. JAGO, N. D Integrated pest management for rain-fed millet in northwest Mali. In. :.

12 ... (CDA) : Integrated Pest Management and African Agriculture. World Bank Tech. paper No JENSEN, P. K. and N. H. SPLIID, Deposition of spray liquid on the soil below cereal crops after applications during the growing season. Weed-Research-Oxford 43: 5, JEPSON, P. C Pesticides and non-target invertebrates. Windborne, Dorset, England: Intercept. 240 pp. LANGHOF, M., A. GATHMANN, H. M. POEHLING, H. (ed.) VOGT, U. (ed.) HEIMBACH and E. VINUELA, Field study on the effects of insecticide drift on non-target arthropods: residual toxicity, effect on populations and recolonisation processes. Bulletin-OILB-SROP. 26: 5, MATHEWS, G. A Application of pesticides to crops. Imperial college Press. London, England, 317 pp. MERCER, P. C Ultra Low Volume spraying of fungicides for control of Cercospora leaf spot of Groundnuts in Malawi. Pans Vol. 22 March. MOEIN, S., A. RASHIDI and A. HIRBOD, Final report of sunn pest control in Crop protection organization of Iran. PICKEN, S. R., E. A. HEINRECHS and G. A. MATHEWS, Assessment water based controlled Droplet application of insecticides on lowland rice. Trp. Pest Man. 27, POEHLING, H. M Use of reduced rates of pesticides for aphid control: economic and ecological aspects. BCPC Monograph 45: POVEY, G. S., J. S. CLAYTON and T. E. BALS, A portable motorizesed axial fan airsisted CDA sprayer: A new Approach to insect and disease control in coffe. Brighton Crop Protection Conference-pest and disease. QUIN, J. G., D. R. JOHNSTONE and K. A. HUNTIGDON, Research and development of high and Ultra Low Volume spray to control tomato leaf disease at Samaru, Nigeria. Pans. Vol. 21, No. 4Dec. RADJABI, GH Ecology of cereals' sunn pests in Iran. Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Nashr Amozesh keshvarzi, 343 pp. RAHEJA. R ULV spraying for cow pea in northern Nigeria. PANS 22 (3),

13 : Address of the authors: Dr. A. SHEIKHI GORJAN and Dr. A. A. KEYHANYAN, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, P. O. Box 1454, Tehran 19395, Iran; Eng. S. MOEIN, Plant protection organization, Tehran, Iran.

14 ... (CDA) :