Typography Worksheet. What is calligraphy often used for? Wedding invitations

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1 Typography Worksheet Explain IN YOUR OWN WORDS what typography is. The study of type and type faces, the evolution of printed letters. In graphic design: The selection of appropriate typefaces and their arrangement on a page; A means of visual communication What is calligraphy often used for? Wedding invitations Roman and Italic are two postures of type. What is the main difference between the two? Roman: Letterforms that have vertical upright strokes both thick and thin Italic: Letterforms that have an angle / slant to the right and are NOT joined What is the difference between italic and script type? Italic letters slant to the right and are NOT joined; Script letters also slant to the right and ARE joined What type is based on everyday handwriting? Script Define penmanship IN YOUR OWN WORDS. The quality and style of handwriting The art of writing clearly, quickly, beautifully Name the 6 different categories of type, along with one specific typeface the you already have on your computer that fits that category. Serif Times New Roman Sans Serif Helvetica Script Bickhman Script Old English Cloister Black Decorative A.C.M.E. Secret Agent Calligraphy Zapf Chancery Handwriting Edwin

2 ❶ VOCABULARY ➋ ➌ ❹ ❺ ➌ ➋ ❼ ❻ x-height The distance between the baseline and the top of the lower case letters (excluding ascenders or descenders), or the height of the letter x. Letters that can be measured by x-height: acemnorsuvwxz ascender The part of some lowercase letters with an upward vertical stem that extends above the x-height. Ascenders: bdfhklt (ij may also be considered ascenders) descender ❼ The part of some lowercase letters that extends below the baseline. Descenders: gjpqy ❹ How is type size measured (from to )? From the top of the ascender to the bottom of the descender (see example) ❺ baseline If you set type that measured 2 inches high, what would that size be in PICAS? 12 picas in POINTS? 144 points The imaginary line on which a line of text rests. Descenders fall below this line. The baseline is the point from which some elements of type are measured including x-height and leading.

3 ❶ cap height The size of most uppercase characters in a font. Measured from the ascender line to the baseline. kerning Selective letterspacing - the adjustment of space between pairs of letters. Some pairs of letters create awkward spaces, so a designer might add or subtract space between those letters. ❻ tracking Overall letterspacing the adjustment of space for groups of letters and entire blocks of text. Tracking can change the overall appearance and readability of the text, making it more open and airy or more dense. leading The space between lines of text. Pronounced ledd-ing, its name comes from the practice of using metal strips (usually lead) of varying widths to separate lines of text in the days of metal type (may also be called line spacing). How is leading measured (from to )? From baseline to baseline (see example) What is the rule of thumb for the proper amount of leading? 120% of your typesize (for best readability) Example: 10 point font / 12 point leading How would type that is set in 12 point size with a leading of 14 be written out? 12/14 widow A short line at the end of a paragraph or column. It is considered poor typography because too much white space is left between paragraphs. Lessens readability.

4 orphan A single word or short line that appears at the beginning of a column or page. Explain the difference between a widow and an orphan. Widow: A short line at the end of a paragraph or column. Orphan: A single word or short line at the beginning of a column or page. alignment Lining up (or not) the edges of text. Name the 4 most common types of alignments. Left justified (ragged right) Right justified (ragged left) Centered Justified Left justified (ragged right) Can also be called flush left Minisi. Uptat. Ut alit nit non vullaoreet, quat vullan etue consecte mincilla con eui blandiat prat ut nos nis dionsenit alit lut lobortie corero doloreet nissi.im esectem zzriuscidunt lortisi tem quisciduipit in utem ea facil eumsandre ming erosto dolenibh Centered Minisi. Uptat. Ut alit nit non vullaoreet, quat vullan etue consecte mincilla con eui blandiat prat ut nos nis dionsenit alit lut lobortie corero doloreet nissi.im esectem zzriuscidunt lortisi tem quisciduipit in utem ea facil eumsandre ming erosto dolenibh ex erostisim zzrit wis nulla facipit, Right justified (ragged left) Can also be called flush right Minisi. Uptat. Ut alit nit non vullaoreet, quat vullan etue consecte mincilla con eui blandiat prat ut nos nis dionsenit alit lut lobortie corero doloreet nissi.im esectem zzriuscidunt lortisi tem quisciduipit in utem ea facil eumsandre ming erosto dolenibh Justified Minisi. Uptat. Ut alit nit non vullaoreet, quat vullan etue consecte mincilla con eui blandiat prat ut nos nis dionsenit alit lut lobortie corero doloreet nissi. Im esectem zzriuscidunt lortisi tem quisciduipit in utem ea facil eumsandre ming erosto dolenibh ex erostisim zzrit wis nulla facipit, siscidunt iusto Which one is most easily read? Left justified (ragged right)

5 What is a river in typography? Artificial word spacing exaggerated white space between words How do you think a river can be avoided? Keep columns from being too narrow Don t force justify What size of type is considered body text? Sizes below 14 point What size of type is considered display size? Sizes above 14 point (used for headlines main and sub) Name 3 things that contribute to readability. Explain why each is important. Letterspacing: Words aren t read, they re recognized Word spacing: Establishes a rhythm, a pace at which the viewer reads Line spacing: Too close lines run together; too far apart viewers eyes have to jump to the next line Line breaks: Widows, orphans Line length: Too long and eyes tend to jump lines; lines that are too short can end up with only one or two words Typeface: Some fonts are difficult to read. If people have difficulty reading something, they will probably lose interest! Type style: NO CAPS! Bold and Italics are best used for emphasis - not large blocks of text; Condensed or expanded letters are difficult to read (the word shapes - how they are recognized - tend to change); Weight Too light - hard to see; too bold - too much contrast Color: Should enhance communication and expression

6 How do readers normally view a layed out page? Biggest elements first (headlines or titles) Second: Subheads or pull quotes Third: Captions Last: Text type What are 3 type styles / treatments that are difficult to read? Why? (See Name 3 things that contribute to readability ) Proofreaders Marks Explain the proofreaders mark in each of the numbered items. 1) Indent; make a new paragraph here 2) Transpose the letters to read be 3) Insert the word of right here 4) Change the capital G to a lowercase g 5) Insert a period here 6) Close up this space 7) Take out the circled letter 8) Insert space between those two words 9) Let it stand (editor changed her mind) 10) Don t abbreviate spell out the word ❶ ❷ The practice of typography, if it eb followed faithfully, is hard work full of detail, full petty restrictions full of drudgery, and not ❹ Greatly reworded as rewards are now counted There are times when we need to bring to it, all the history and art and feeling that w can, to make it bearable. But in the lighy of history art, knowledge and of humans achievement, it is ❻ as interesting a work as exists a broad and ❼ ❽ hummanizingemployment which can indeed be followed merely as a trade, but which if perfected into an art, or even broadened ❾ into a profession, will perpetually open new horizons to eyes our and opp. to our hands. ❿ ❸ ❺