! " # "$ % &! '!% & I, II III
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- Margery Bryant
- 7 years ago
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1 ..,.. I, II III 2008
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183 8., (EFNTD) EFNTD,,, ( )., ( ), EFNTD - -.,, -,,, ( ), -. -, -,,. ( ) -, ( ) -., (,,, ) N+2, (15) N,
184 - ( ).,,. -,,,, ,, -, - (VT). (PT) (, ),.. -. : ) ; ) ; ) ; ) ) ;, L, Y X,. -,. -,,. -. -, ( ) -, ( - ). 184
185 , (,,,VT) 5 2..,, 50, 5.,, 5., -, -, - 90 ± , ,,, ( ) - ( ) : ) 300±50 ; ) : 1) ; 2) ; 3), ; 4)
186 8.4.3.,, -,,, -, : ) ; ) ; ) ; ) ; ) ) ;. ( / ),.,, -.,, ,,. 300 ± ± ,,.,,,, : ) ; ) ; ) ; 186
187 ) ) ;., ,
188 9. III 9.1. III III : ;, -,, - ; ;, III - - ;, : ),, ; ), - ; II,,. 30 III.,. - : ( - ).. -, [28]. 188
189 III
190 -, 10., -, -.,,,,,. 10, - -,, 5.. III : 3 ; 4. 3,5.,, III -. III -, III. : N = 0,5 N A + 0,5 N B, %, (16) N ; N A ; N B. 190
191 . - III , -, -. : NG1 NG2 NG N 3, %, (17) 3 N ; N G1 1 ( ); N G2 2 ( ); N G3 3 ( ). -, I, II, III SNT-TC-AM, EN 473,, ISO 9712, NORDTEST -, -. SNT-TC-IA ( ),, ( - ). EN 473, NORDTEST, ,,.. : ) SNT-TC-IA MIL-Standart 60-, - 191
192 80- ; ) -, ; ) (, -, - - ). ( )., «written practice» - -,..,, - III. -,,, -,., III. - III - I II ANSI CP ( ),,. -,,. EN , - - «( - )». - (, - DAR),
193 EN c,. - c -,.. ( «written practice»),.,, -,..., (DGZfP), - SECTOR Cert., EN 473, -,,. -, -.,,, -,. «-». -, - - (,,, )., EN , : ; - ( ).. - -, - 193
194 . -,, - ( - ). -, : ; ;, ; -, ;., - ( ).,.. SNT-TC-IA, III -, -. III,. EN 473, - - III,. -, ;,,.,,. I II -, III. EN 473, ISO 9712 NORDTEST, - SNT-TC-IA, -, -. EN 473,, -,. EN 473 (, ), - (, ). COFREND ( ) -,, - 194
195 ,,. PCN ( - ),,,,. - : (,, - ),,,. -, CEN -138 ( ). -,,. SNT-TC-IA : ; ;. NORDTEST EN 473 ISO 9712., III :, I II -. (RT): R-1 ; R-2 ; R-3 ; R-4,. (UT): U-1 ; U-2 ; U-3 ; U-4. ( ): -1, ; -2. -, ( ),. 195
196 I. SNT-TC-IA I - -, -. EN 473, I, - - II III. - :,, -. - I II. SNT-TC-IA EN 473, II, - I II, I, -. III, SNT-TC-IA EN 473,, SNT-TC-IA, III. -,, :,, - ; III. EN 473. ( ), ( ) ( ) - ( )
197 I II -, - III.,. EN 473 ( ), ( ) - ( )., -, -.,,. EN I II. -,, , I II I II, 197 (, ),, -.
198 SNT-TC-IA, I II, : ; ( ). EN 473, - -. EN 473 SNT-TC-IA , I II I II SNT-TC-1A EN473 SNT-TC-IA EN RT UT LT (.) SNT-TC- IA I EN SNT-TC- IA II EN RT UT LT
199 -, III 16 - (, ) -, - 4 II III III.,. EN 473 -, : -, ( ) (. 17);, ( 1, 2 ) (. 18). 17 III ( EN 473), ; 199 II 60 ( EN 473) ( - )
200 Nb : Nb = 0,5 n + 0,5 nb, (17) Nb ; n ; nb. 70 % Nb 80 %. N : N =(nc1+nc2 + nc3)/3, (18) N ; nc1 C1; 2 2; nc3. 70 % N 80 %.,,. SNT-TC-IA III (. 19): (, ); ;. - I II. 19 III ( SNT-TC-IA) 1 SNT-TC-IA 15 1 b 20 1 II b
201 EN 473, -, -, I II, - ( ). SNT-TC-IA. -. EN 473,,,, -. ( ) , I II III SNT-TC-IA 3 5 EN : ; ; ; I II. EN 473,,,,,.. SNT-TC-IA
202 EN : ; ( 1 ),. 21, 3 5 SNT-TC-IA R R EN 473 R R.,.. - ; R,.. -. EN 473 ( - ) - - : ) I II :. ) 80 %, ; III :, 20 5 EN 473, -. EN 473,. 202
203 SNT-TC-IA : ;, - III ( ). EN 473,.., -. : I II -, 50 %,..,. - - ; -, ; -, ; 10,, -., I II - ;, ; -,. -.,,. EN 473-5, : 1) -, - ( 5 ); ; 2) -,
204 , -. EN 473 ISO ,,, AS ME, API-AI. -,,, (, - ISO ). EN 473: : ), I, II, III; ),, I, II, III; ) I, II, III; ). 2., I, : ) ; ) ; ) ; ). 3., I, : ) ; ) ; ) ; ) II? ). ). ). ). 204
205 5., II, : ) ; ) - ; ) ; ),. 6. III, : ), ; ), - ; ) ; ),. 7.? ). ) III. ). ) : ) I ; ) II ; ) III ; ),. 9. : ) ; ) ; ) ; ). 10. II : ), ; ), ; ),, ; ). 205
206 11. II, I, : ), I II ; ), II ; ) 6 ; ) II, : ) ; ) 25 %; ) 33 %; ),,. 13. II - -, : ) ; ) ; ) 25 %; ) 33 %. 14. : ) ; ) ; ) ; ). 15. I, II, III : ) ; ) ; ) ; ). 16. : ) ; ) ; ) ; ),. 206
207 17. II, : ) ; ) 5 %; ) 30 %; ). 18. I II - : ) ; ). 19. III,, (1),, (2): ) 1, 2 ; ) 1, 2 ; ) 1, 2 ; ) 1, II, : ) ; ) ; ) ; ). 21., I II, : ) 60 %; ) 90 %; ) 80 %; ) 70 %. 22., 70 % 80 %, : ) ; ) ; ) ; ). 207
208 23., : ) - ; ) ; ) ; ),. 24.,, : ) 3 ; ) 5 ; ) 4 ; ), : ) - ; ) - ; ) - ; ) II : ) ; ) ; ) ; ),. 27. II, -, : ) ; ) ; ) ; ). 28. II, -, : ) ; ) ; ) ; ),. 208
209 29.,? ) -. ) -. ). ). 30., -? ). ) -. ). ). 31., : ) ; ) ; ) ; ). 32. III. II : ) ; ) ; ) ; ). 33. II - 71 % 73 % -., : ) 80 %; ) 82 %; ) 88 %; ) 90 %. 34. : ) ; ) ; ) ; ). 209
210 / 1, ( ) «0 50/170» , ,, I º I «-»
211 2 ( ) : 1) ; 2) ; 3) ; 4) ; 5) , -,,.,,. -,, ,, ,. -, 211
212 ., - 20 %. -. : - - ; /3,. 5, -,, - 1 3, ;,. -.,, ,, 10 %. - -., - -,., 25 %, : 212
213 1) ( ); 2) ; 3) ( ); 4) % -.,,, ( ) , -., , - ( )., ( - ) (, ) : 1) ; 2) ; 3) ,,
214 , ,, -1-4, , , -,. 214
215 3 ( 10 2 ),... 3,... 12,... 5, , : , , ,,,. ( ) 1, :
216 216 4,,.,, : 1... n 1... n 1... n 1... n : ; ; ; : - (150 ) +60, (850 ) : - (150 ) (950 ) , 1 ; : : (250 ) (1000 ) : (200 ) ( ) 20 (1000 ),.
217 : (5 ) (1000 ) :, 5 %, (85 95 %), 95 %, ,,
218 (E/F) ( ), «1011 «1013 « «1021 «1023 «1024 : : 218
219 103 : «1031 «1033 « : «1051 «1053 « : «1061 «1063 «1064 ( ) 200, «2012, 219
220 5 «2013 « , ( ), 2024 ( ) : 220
221 «3012 ( ) « : «3021 «3022 « : «3041 «3042 «
222 5 :,, - ; ( ) - : 1) : 18442:, ISO 6520 : 1011; 2) - : 18442:, ISO 6520: 1063; 3) : 18442:, ISO 6520: 2017; 4), : 18442:, ISO 6520 : 3011; 5) : 18442:, ISO 6520 :
223 6 - ( ) - ( ) ( ) - -,, ( ) ( ) - - ( -, ) ( - ) 223
224 6 ( ) -,, - - ( - ) - ( ) - h h < c 224
225 (, ) 55 2., 40, % II 7., R Z magnaflux (U SKL LO, M SKC S, SKD S2) (II ) , ( ) 225
226 13. / : 1. (, ) ( ) (,, -, ): ( ). -. -,. - ( ) II , , , (.. ) (.. ) «15» TR 200, ( ) U-SKL-LO, M-SKC-S -SKD-S ,,,,,,
227 8 (, ) 55, -15 Magnaflux ( - )_ II ( 5 ) - I < 10 II III < 10 IV - : (.. ) : «15» (.. ) 227
228 9 ( ) - / , , , -, , -, , -, , -, , -,
229 , / , -, , , - - -,, - - -, «-»., -,
230 9 11 ( ), , , -, , , -, , ( «- - - )»
231 9 16 -, - - -, , , ( 1 )., , , «- - -»,
232 , - - -, - - ( ) -,,, , «- - -», , , ,
233 , - - -, «-. -», «- -», «-» , «- - -»,
234 c, , -., « »,
235 10 ( ) -, , , ,2 S, ,2 S, ,2 S, : ; , , ( ) 30, ,
236 : - 2,, ,, 2,. 236
237 11 ( ),,, -, -, -, -, ( ) - ( ) I II I II ( ) - 237
238 11 -,, , ,5 25 2, , ( - 1,0 ) 238
239 12, ( ) 1. 25, ( ) ( ). 2. -, : ( ); -, ; -, ,
240 , , 100, 2 3 0, , , , , , ,5 8. «-» -. 0,2 - ( ) -,.,, -, -. 4.,. 3,, -.
241 12 5. : ; ;. 6., ( ). 241
242 ( -1 ) 1., - ( ), ( -1 ) , -1 ;, ( ),, ,,
243 13,, ( )*,, , , , , , , , ,5 8 * ( ) : - ( -,, - ); - ( - );, - ( - - ) ,8,. 243
244 13 6. : ; ( ), ; ; ; ;
245 14,, ( ) 1. I 2-25, ( ). 2. -,, - -,. ( ) , ,8., 1,6,. 245
246 15, ( , ) ,,, -,,,,,, -.,., -,,,, ( ): - (,, - ); ( - );, - ( - - ); 246
247 15 ( ) ( );. -, (, ) - (, - ) , -,, -, ,. : ; ( ), ; (, ); ( ) ; ; ; ; ; (, );.,,
248 15 ( ) - - -, - - 0,12 + 0,6, 2 0,12 + 0,2, 2,5 1,5 D 25-2,0 D ,5 D 150 0,12 + 0,4, 1,6 (1, ), , , ,05 + 5, 8. -,,
249 16, ( ) , :, ( / 2 ), 1 0,07 (0,7) 2 3 2,5 (25) 2.5(25) 4 (40) 4 (40) 5 (50) 5 (50) 1,6 (16) 1,6 (16) 2,5 (25) 2,5 (25) 4 (40) 4 (40) 5 (50) 4 1,6 (16) 70, , , , 1-, , 1-249
250 16,, -., -, :,,,, ; ( ), ( - ); -, ;,,,, ; ( ); ; ;,.,,,
251 17 ( ) % , : 3.1. : , IS ( S, ); 60 4 ; ,, -, , 2 ( ) , ,
252 ,, ,.3,
253 ( ) - ( ) - ( ),, / 18 (,,,,, ) ( ), 2 - (,, ) ( -, - ), - ( - ) , ( ), , - II, III, IV II, III, IV II, III, IV II, III, IV II, III, IV II, III, IV II, III, IV ,0 20,0 24,0 30,0 6,0 9,0 15,0 11,0 15,0 18,0 22,0 4,5 7,0 11,0 7,5 10,0 12,0 15,0 3,0 4,5 7,5 3,0 + 0,05 ( 20) 3,0 + 0,05 ( 20) 3,0 + 0,05 ( 20) 3,0 + 0,05 ( 20) (10 % )+1,0 3,0 + 0,05 ( 20) 3,0 + 0,05 ( 20) 3,0 + 0,05 ( 20) 3,0 + 0,05 ( 20) 3,0 + 0,05 ( 20) 3,0 + 0,05 ( 20) (10 % )+1,0 3,0 + 0,05 ( 20) 3,0 + 0,05 ( 20) 253
254 , II, III, IV II, III, IV II, III, IV II, III, IV II, III, IV II, III, IV II, III, IV II, III, IV II, III, IV II, III, IV II, III, IV II, III, IV ,0 9,0 15,0 20,0 6,0 9,0 15,0 5,0 6,0 9,0 5,0 6,0 4,5 7,0 11,0 15,0 4,5 7,0 11,0 3,5 4,5 7,0 3,5 4,5 3,0 4,5 7,5 10,0 3,0 4,5 7,5 2,5 3,0 4,5 2,5 3,0 (10 % )+1,0 3,0 + 0,05 ( 20) 3,0 + 0,05 ( 20) 3,0 + 0,05 ( 20) (10 % )+1,0 3,0 + 0,05 ( 20) 3,0 + 0,05 ( 20) (10 % )+1,0 (10 % )+1,0 3,0 + 0,05 ( 20) (10 % )+1,0 (10 % )+1,0 (10 % )+1,0 3,0 + 0,05 ( 20) 3,0 + 0,05 ( 20) 3,0 + 0,05 ( 20) (10 % )+1,0 3,0 + 0,05 ( 20) 3,0 + 0,05 ( 20) (10 % )+1,0 (10 % )+1,0 3,0 + 0,05 ( 20) 10 % )+1,0 (10 % )+1, ( 50 ) 15 ( ) ( ) ( ). 254
255 19 (SHERWIN).. - ( +7 ),. -, -, -.,. 1.,,, ,,,,,. 4.,,.,, SHERWIN HI-TEMP. HI-TEMP, - HI-TEMP K019 HI-TEMP D ,,. HI-TEMP 17, HI-TEMP 19 HI-TEMP D350. :. 255
256 19,, -. -, -,,.,,,., -,. -.,, -,. -,,... ( -,.), -., 62,5...., ,, 256
257 ,
258 20 ( ) 2 Aa Ab Ac Ak ( - ),.. «-» 1 6 L 3d: d, h, ll, lt 0,1S, 2,5 ; 30 d, h, ll, lt 0,1S, 1,5 ; ll S, 30 ; 30 d, h, ll, lt 0,1S, 1,5 ; ll 0,5S, 12,5 ; 25-7 L 3d: d, h, ll, lt 2S, 2,5 L 5d: d, h, ll, lt 0,25S, 3 50 d, h, ll, lt 0,15S, 2 ; ll S, 30 ; 30 h, lt 0,1S, 1,5 ; ll 0,5S, 12,5 ; 25 d, h, ll, lt 0,1S, 1,5 ; ll 0,5S, 15 ; 30 8 L 3d: d, h, ll, lt 2S, 3 L 5d: d, h, ll, lt 0,25S, 3,5 50 d, h, ll, lt 2S, 2,5 ; ll 2S, 30 ; 50 h, lt 0,1S, 2 ; ll S, 15 ;
259 2 Ba Bb Bc Bd1 Bd h 0,1S, lt 2,5, ll 0,5S, 5 ; 30 1 d, h, lt 0,1S, 1 ; ll S, 15 ; 30 d, h, 0,1S, 1 ; ll, lt S, 12,5 ; 25 h 0,1S, 1,5 ; ll S, 15 ; h 0,1S, lt 3, ll 0,5S, 7 ; 30 d, h, lt 0,1S, 1,5 ; ll 2S, 25 ; 50 d, h, 0,1S, 1,5 ; ll, lt 0,5S, 12,5 ; 30 h 0,1S, 1,5 ; ll 2S, 25 ; 50 h 0,1S, 1,5 ; S 0,8 ( ) ll S, 30 ; 30 ( ) ll S, 30 ; 50 ( ) ( ) 259
260 2 Mw Da1 Da2 Da3 Db Dc d, h, ll 0,1S, 1,5 ; ll 3, L 50 ; - : ; >219 h 0,05S, 0,75 ; ll S, 12,5 ; 25 ll 2S, 30 ; 50 h 0,05S, 1 ; ll 2S, 12,5 ; 25 ll 2S, 25 ; d, h, ll 0,1S, 3 ; ll 6, L 50 ; : ; >219. h 0,05S, 0,75 ; ll S, 15 ; 30 ll 2S, 30 ; 50 h 0,05S, 1 ; ll 2S, 25 ; 50 h 0,1S, 2 ; ll 2S, 12,5 ; 25 ll 2S, 30 ; 30 h 0,05S, 1 ; ll S, 15 ;
261 2 Dc2 E Fa Fb Fc Fd 3 4 5, - - ( - ) ( ) h 0,05S, 0,75 ; ll S, 15 ; 15 h 0,1S, 1 ; ll S, 30 ; 50 h 0,2S, 2 ; ll 2S, 50 ; 100 h 3 ; ll 0,5S; 30 h 5 ; ll S; 50 h 0,1S, 0,5 ; ll 150 h 0,2S, 3 S>10 h 0,2S, 2 S
262 , 1/6, - Fa, Fc, Fd,. 3., 1/6,. 4., h 0,05S, 3, ,. 262
263 21 MIL-I-25135E,. - QPL-AMS-2644 ASTM E ASTM E EN ISO : EN ISO : EN ISO : EN DIN ISO 5817 DIN EN EN ,2 EN EN EN 1713 EN EN EN EN ,,, ( ) : :. 1:. 2:
264 21 EN EN ISO : - EN ISO : - EN ISO :. EN ISO , -. EN ISO 3059 EN 1956 EN 415E, ( ) ISO
265 , , ( ). 265
266 , , , , , ,
267 24 / 1 2 3,, ( ) -, Magnaflux, , , , , MAGNAFLUX, 267
268 25. - : 1. - ( ), 30.,. 2. (,,,, - 645, 647.) (,..) ,
269 ,,. 2. ( ). 3., 3 ( -,..) (,,,,,, ). 5., -. 6.,,. 7., ( ) ( ) -. 8., - (,, ) ( - ). 11. ( ) ,, (, - ). 269
270 , -,, , «-» - -. : ,,. -,, «-».,, -.. «-» «( )» 270
271 , - -,.. -, - -, :
272 , -,, ,,,, ( ) , , - -,, -, - -, - - -,
273 , - -, - -,, -, - -,, - -,, -, -, - -,
274 , - -, :,,, - -, -,, - - : -,,, -, -, - 274
275 , -, 38., , - -,, -, -, -, -, -,, - - -,,, -, 275
276 ,,,,, -,, -, -, -, -, -, - -,, -,, -, - - -, 276
277 ,, - -,, -,, -, -, (,,,,,,..), ,,, -.. : -,,,
278 , - -, -, -,, -,, -, ( ), - ( - ) 278
279 28 1 2,,, - 1.,,, ,,, -, -, - -, ,
280 , - 9., - -, ,,,, , - -, -, - 280
281 ,, - -,, -, -,
282 , , -, -,,, ,,, - -, -,,,,, - - -, - 282
283 ,,, - - -, - - -, -,, -, -,, 283
284 29 1. ( ),, ( ) 3., 4., 5., ( ) 6., 7.,, 8., Angstrom unit (A) a unit of length which may be express the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation, that is, light. One angstrom unit is equal to 0.1 nm (1 nm = 10 9 m) Visible light electromagnetic radiation in nm ( A) wavelength range Developing time in liquid penetrant examination, the elapsed time between the application of the developer and the examination of the part Drain time in liquid penetrant examination, that portion of the dwell time during which the excess penetrant or emulsifier drains from the part Emulsification time in liquid penetrant examination, the time that an emulsifier is permitted to remain on the part to combine with the surface penetrant prior to removal. Also called emulsifier dwell time Defect in liquid penetrant examination, a discontinuities whose indications violate specified acceptance criteria Contaminant any foreign substance present on the test surface or in the inspection materials which will adversely affect the perfomance of liquid penetrant materials Indication in nondestructive examination, of a discontinuity that requires interpretation to determine its significanse Interpretation in nondestructive examination, the determination whether indications are relevant or nonrelevant
285 10. ( ) 11., ( ) , ( ) 18., 29 Contrast in liquid penetrant examination, the difference is visibility (brightness or coloration)between an indication and the background False indication in nondestructive examination, an indication obtained through improper technique or processing Discontinuity an interruption which may be either intentional or unintentional in the physical structure or configuration of a part Evaluation in nondestructive examination, a review, following interpretation, of the indications noted to determine whether or not they meet the specified acceptance criteria Post-cleaning the removal of residual liquid penetrant examination materials from the test part after the penetrant examination has been completed Precleaning the removal of surface contaminants from the test part so that they will not interfere with the examination process Inspection visual examination of the test part after cjmpletion of the liquid penetrant processing steps Rinse the process of removing liquid penetrant examination materials from the surface of a test part by means of washing or flooding with another liquid, usually water Dip rinse in liquid penetrant examination, a means of removing excess penetrant in which the test parts are dipped into an agitated tank of water or other remover 285
286 19., 20.,,, 21., 22. ( ), 23., 24.,, 25.,, 26. -, Immersion rinse in liquid penetrant examination, a means of removing surface penetrant, in which the test part is immersed in a tank of either water or other remover Ptnetrant a solution of dye either visible or fluorescent, capable of entering discontinuities open to the surface Developer in liquid penetrant examination, a material that is applied to the test surface to accelerate bleedout and to enhance the contrast of indications Developer, wet (aqueous) suspendible in liquid penetrant examination, a suspension of developer particles in water Developer, soluble in liquid penetrant examination, a developer completely soluble in its carrier Developer, dry in liquid examination, a fine free-flowing powder used as supplied Developer, solvent in liquid penetrant examination, developer particles suspended in a nonaqueous vehicle prior to application Vehicle a liquid, either aqueous or nonaqueous, in which liquid penetrant examination materials are dissolved or suspended Wetting action the ability of a liquid to spread over and adhere to solid surfaces Solvent remover a liquid penetrant remover that is volatile liquid 286
287 (, - ) ,. 4. ( ) , ,,, ,,, , , ,.,.. 287
288 30 4 ( ). 9. -,. 288
289 1...,....: - /... :, :, /, / -, ,..,..,.. -., ,.. -..:, : / ,...:, : /.....:, : 5.. 1:. :. /..,.. -,.. ;.....:.., :, ,.. -..:, ,.. -..:, ,..,... :, ,.. - : :.., :...:..,
290 :., , :, :, ( ), -...: -, , -,, -,.., :, :.., Misak M.D., J. Coll. Sci., 1968, v. 27, 1, p Neumann A.W., Z. phys. Chem., 1964, Bd. 41, 5 6, ,..,, 1957,. 27, :.. - :
291 III:,,, // -., , : // -. :., , - : «-» // :., II : -, ( 1 )., -.., , -,, -., III , , , , /...: «-», ,.., - ECP (European certification process)
292 I, II III..., /16.. XEROX , , NATIONAL QUALITY ASSURANCE ISO 9001: ,.,.,
NDT Procedure for Liquid Penetrant Inspection TRINITY NDT. An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company
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