MPSM337 Electronic Projects for Artists FA14. Arduino and Machine Science Development Boards: Programming Microcontrollersthe AtMega 168 and 328

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1 MPSM337 Electronic Projects for Artists FA14 Arduino and Machine Science Development Boards: Programming Microcontrollersthe AtMega 168 and 328

2 The Arduino (or actually, the AtMega Microcontroller)

3 Arduino's kind of revolutionary potential: If we take a piece of technology considered, rightly or wrongly, complex, and we make it simple by working not on the technology itself but on the experience that comes from using it, then everything gets simpler and we discover new possibilities that were not there before. If I were a chicken farmer, I could think of an idea to increase the efficiency or the safety of my farm. With Arduino, even those -who know about chickens but not about electronics and programming- are able to achieve, by themselves and in a very short time, the kludge they need to solve their practical problem. All this is about moving technology towards what we might call a domain expert. In the end, the one who raises chickens is certainly much more expert about chickens than an engineer. - Massimo Banzi

4 Photo: Randi Silberman Klett Five of the core Arduino developer team: David Cuartielles, Gianluca Martino, Tom Igoe, David Mellis and Massimo Banzi.

5 What's the difference between a microprocessor and a microcontroller?

6 A microprocessor: an IC with only the Central Processing Unit (CPU) No RAM, ROM, or peripheral I/O on the chip. (System designers must add these externally to make these function in Desktop PC s, Laptops, notepads, tablets, etc. (Manufacturers include: Intel's Pentium, core 2 duo, i3, i5, ARM, PowerPC, AMD, etc. ) A microcontroller: an IC with CPU, I/O pins, a fixed amount of RAM, ROM, all embedded on a single, 'all in one' chip. (Manufacturers include: Microchip, ATMEL, TI, Freescale, Philips, Motorola)

7 There are many different microcontroller ICs...

8 Many are available on handy development boards.

9 Parallax Basic Stamp :

10 Arduino boards... Leah Beuchley

11 The Arduino is a development platform using microcontrollers from Atmel's ATmega series. The UNO for example, uses the ATmega 328: 28 pin, 8 bit IC Runs at 16 MHz (but chip can run at 20 MHz). 32K Bytes of flash memory, 2K SRAM 20 I/O pins: 14 digital, 6 analog (10 bit ADC) regulated at 5 and 3.3 volts

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13 Over one million Arduinos sold in 7 years. Some key reasons given for its success: Open Source hardware and software Cross platform (Mac, Windows and Linux) Support from huge non-condescending community

14 What is Open Source Hardware? License Schematics PCB layout data Bills of Sale (component distributors...) Arduino is open source hardware: the Arduino hardware reference designs are distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license, available on the Arduino Web site. Layout and production files for some versions are also available. The source code for the IDE is available and released under the GNU General Public License, version 2.

15 Some Heroes in the Creative Free Hard/Software movement: Limor Fried (Lady Ada) AdaFruit Industries Hernando Barragán: Wiring Arduino Libraries Karsten Schmidt Toxi Processing libs Limor Fried Photo: Inc com Daniel Shiffman - Physical Computing with Tom NYU's ITP Leah Beuchley -designed Lilypad Arduino Dr. Rafael Hernandez pd tutorials cheetomoskeeto YouTube channel

16 Apparition. Fortunately, popularity invites copying and competition...

17 ...on the higher end: Odroid-X (or Shivaplug, PandaBoard...) $130 $ Quad core ARM processor w/ 3D graphics accel. 1 Gig DDR2 RAM 50 pin IO pin I/O SD card storage Runs Android OS

18 ...on the lower end: DigiSpark ( $ pin IC 8K Bytes of flash memory 6 digital I/O pins 3 also do PWM, 4 with ADC

19 ...and head-to-head: BeagleBone Black $ GHz ARM processor w/ 3D graphics accel. 512 MB DDR3 RAM 2 x 46 pin header on Board 2 Gigs of flash storage (exp. W/ SD card)

20 The Raspberry Pi

21 Raspberry Pi specs: price $25-$35 USD Broadcom BCM2835 System on a Chip (CPU + GPU) 700 MHz ARM MB RAM (Model A) 512 MB RAM (Model B) -not expandable Storage = SD Card Hard Drive 26 I/O pins total: 3 power supply 3V3 (3.3V) 5V0 (5V) and GND; 6 DNC (Do Not Connect); and 17 GPIO HD video (1080p30) plus audio over HDMI

22 Flickr.com/Poptech/CC BY SA 2.0 Eben Upton, Executive Director, Paspberry Pi Foundation

23 Requirements for the microcontroller: 1. Power - It's an electrical component, so of course you have to give it power. But like many ICs, the voltage used to operate it needs to be controlled relatively precisely. 2. I/O - Input and output, some way to communicate with the chip. This is generally done through some kind of connection to the chip's pins. Breadboards are handy. 3. Programming Interface - Some way to write programs and download them to the chip and run them.

24 Requirements for the microcontroller: 1. Power: There are three commonly used ways for controlling the voltage supplied to microcontrollers: I. A voltage regulator II. A regulated power supply III. Battery power

25 Requirements for the microcontroller: Voltage regulator

26 Requirements for the microcontroller: Regulated power supply

27 Requirements for the microcontroller: Battery pack

28 Requirements for the microcontroller: 2. I/O: I. Limited II. shields III. Roll your own.

29 Requirements for the microcontroller: 3. Programming Interface (computer connection):

30 Requirements for the microcontroller: 3. Programming Interface (computer connection): We will be using the same microcontroller used on the Arduino board, a popular chip made by the Atmel corporation -the Atmega 168 or 328. (These are 28 pin ICs with identical pin designations, but the 328 has more memory.) The hardware interface we'll be using is perhaps the simplest (and cheapest): connecting to it on a standard breadboard.

31 Requirements for the microcontroller: 3. Programming Interface (computer connection): The USB serial communication with the chip is negotiated by an on-board chip made by a company called FTDI. There are free FTDI drivers that can be downloaded for almost every computer platform. Once installed, the computer will be able to send/receive serial communication via USB connection to an FTDI chip.

32 The Arduino Programming interface (IDE).

33 If there is an error in the code (usually something simple like leaving out a semicolon) the compiler will complain with an error message and highlight the first line of the problem.

34 Once the errors in the code have been corrected, the compiled, machine executable program will download to the chip and run. If the behavior of the program isn't what you want, just go back and edit the code. and then you just keep doing that over and over again until you get what you want.

35 Let's set things up and have fun coding!