Short information on generated variables: Weights

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1 SHARE Release July 2007 Short nformaton on generated varables: Weghts Whch weghts to use depends on the concrete research queston. It s not possble to gve any general advce. evertheless some of the frequently ased queston and some advce on computer mplementaton are provded below on page 2. SHARE provdes two dfferent sets of weghts: weghts computed on the bass of respondents only data fle: share1rel2_gv_weght_resp_only weghts computed ncludng non-respondng partners ncluded n data fle: share1rel2_mputatons SHARE release ncludes three dfferent nds of weghts: desgn weghts calbrated household weghts and calbrated ndvdual weghts. In countres wth so called vgnette samples Sweden Belgum Span France Germany Greece Italy and the etherlands each weght exsts n three varants: for the man sample the vgnette sample and for the two samples combned. The varable samptype ndcates to whch sample a household belongs. In Sweden there s also a sample supplementary to the man sample. It was treated as part of the man sample. Lst of weghts varables samptype wgtmdh wgtvdh wgtadh wgtmch wgtvch wgtach sample type desgn weght for the man sample desgn weght for the vgnette sample desgn weght for the two samples ontly calbrated household weght for the man sample calbrated household weght for the vgnette sample calbrated household weght for the two samples ontly Short nformaton on generated varables: Weghts page 1 of 21

2 SHARE Release July 2007 wgtmc wgtvc wgtac calbrated ndvdual weght for the man sample calbrated ndvdual weght for the vgnette sample calbrated ndvdual weght fro the two samples ontly In addton to the several weghts varables the weghts fle also contans nformaton on prmary samplng unts and strata. Ths nformaton s taen from the samplng frame nformaton. psu stratum psu2 stratum2 psu3 stratum3 Prmary samplng unt Stratum Prmary samplng unt 2 used for a sub-samples n Sweden and Belgum Stratum 2 used for a sub-samples n Sweden and Belgum Prmary samplng unt 3 used for a sub-samples n Belgum Stratum 3 used for a sub-samples n Belgum Informaton on weghtng procedures for the new countres n SHARE Release 2 s provded n annex I. For further nformaton see Appendx II A short gude to the samplng weghts of SHARE release 1 Klevmaren.A. Swensson and Patr Hesselus 2005: The SHARE Samplng Procedures and Calbrated Desgn Weghts. In: Börsch-Supan A. Jürges H.: The Survey of Health Ageng and Retrement n Europe. Methodology p Download: Frequently ased questons 1. What weghts should we use? For most purposes the calbrated weghts. 2. Why do we present the desgn weghts at all? If you would le to do your own calbraton you wll need them. 3. When do we use household when ndvdual weghts? Household weghts are useful n an nference to a populaton of households ndvdual weghts n an nference to a populaton of ndvduals. 4. Why are some weghts mssng n otherwse completed ntervews? The observaton could be a partner less than 50 years old. Otherwse data needed for calbraton mght have been mssng. Short nformaton on generated varables: Weghts page 2 of 21

3 SHARE Release July 2007 Computer mplementaton To a varyng degree computer pacages accommodate desgn based nference to a fnte populaton. STATA for nstance has a set of routnes for survey sample analyss and there s a specal manual. Untl nformaton about strata and clusters become released these routnes are not very helpful f one ntends to compute correct standard errors. However most STATA routnes can use weghts. The followng smple examples llustrate how samplng weghts can be used n STATA to compute the correct pont estmates: How to compute a weghted mean of a household-level varable? Answer: sum xhhvar [aw=weghtch] How to compute a weghted mean of an ndvdual-level varable? Answer: sum xndvar [aw=wgtci] where =M V or A How to compute a weghted cross table of two household-level varables? Answer: table xhhvaryhhvar [aw=wgtch] where =M V or A How to compute a weghted cross table of two ndvdual-level varables? Answer: table xndvaryndvar [aw=wgtci] where = M V or A Please note that STATA accepts dfferent nds of weghts dependng on routne. Please consult the STATA manual to fnd out how these weghts are used dependng on routne! In an nference to the unverse of all countres each country becomes a stratum. If one s wllng to proceed as f smple random samplng had been used n each country then the STATA survey commands mght be used for nstance Svyset [pw=wgt***] stratacountry; Svymean xvar; Svytab yvar xvar; Short nformaton on generated varables: Weghts page 3 of 21

4 SHARE Release July 2007 APPEDIX I Samplng and Weghts n the ew SHARE Countres: 1. Belgum dutch french 2. Israel Short nformaton on generated varables: Weghts page 4 of 21

5 SHARE Release July Belgum Country: Survey Insttute Lège Survey Desgn Contact Belgum French Panel Study of Belgan Households Unversté de Karel Van den Bosch Unversty of Antwerp Target populaton populaton coverage All households wth at least one French speang member born n 1954 or earler lvng n the Belgan regons Wallone and Bruxelles. All French speang resdents born n 1954 or earler and ther spouses/partners at the tme of the ntervew lvng n the Belgan regons Wallone and Bruxelles. The target populaton does not nclude: - ndvduals lvng n 'collectve households'.e. homes for the elderly - ndvduals lvng n the seven German speang muncpaltes n the east of Belgum Samplng Frame Stage 1: Lst of all muncpaltes n Wallone and Bruxelles the two regons of Belgum that are wholly or manly French speang Stage 2: CD-ROM wth telephone numbers Frame Problems - Some telephone numbers are not lsted - Some households are lsted twce - Busness numbers are ncluded - Some numbers are lsted but not exportable to a data-fle see below Samplng Desgn Three-stage samplng: Stage 1: Selecton of Muncpaltes Muncpaltes were stratfed by regon Wallone Bruxelles. Wthn Wallone large muncpaltes Charlero Lège amur were treated as separate strata and selected wth certanty. The other muncpaltes were selected by smple random samplng wthout replacement and wth a probablty proportonal to the number of prvate households wth at least one person born before For Bruxelles the ntal sample was later extended wth an addtonal sample. In the ntal sample for Bruxelles samplng was one-stage wth smple random samplng of households from the whole of the regon of Bruxelles accordng to the procedure used n stage 2. In the gross data-base for these households prmary_samplng_unt = 51 In the addtonal sample the two-stage desgn was used prmary samplng unts and 54. Stage 2: Selecton of households wthn selected muncpaltes Short nformaton on generated varables: Weghts page 5 of 21

6 SHARE Release July 2007 Wthn the large muncpaltes Charlero Lège amur; and the ntal sample n Bruxelles the number of households to be selected was set equal to the overall samplng fracton. In all other muncpaltes n Wallone 100 addresses were selected. In the addtonal sample for Brussels 200 addresses were selected n each selected muncpalty. Below I wll refer to the number of households to be selected n each communty as n m. For each muncpalty the data for each selected muncpalty were exported from the telephone lstngs on a CD-ROM to a SPSS fle. Ths was not possble for some entres where the persons concerned had ndcated that they dd not want ther data to be used for 'commercal purposes'. For the latter entres 'grey addresses' after the way they are presented by the CD-ROM a specal 'manual' samplng procedure was devsed descrbed n detal n Appendx A. The number of addresses to be selected from the non-exportable entres was set for each muncpalty at n m number-of-non-exportable-entres/total-number-of entres. Overall n the selected muncpaltes of Belgum_FR non-exportable entres comprsed 10.9% of all entres. The remander of the n m entres to be selected were sampled from the exportable entres. The procedure to select the latter ncluded the followng elements: - busness numbers. In the data-base busness numbers could be dentfed as such. However a small feld nvestgaton n one sampled muncpalty whch happened to be the place where I lve revealed that many shopeepers and professonals who lve at the same address as where ther busness s located are only lsted as busness numbers. Therefore busness numbers were not deleted from the lst. - double entres. Some households have two telephone numbers or have more than one entry wth the same number. On the other hand two households may lve at the same address. To elmnate double entres as much as possble wthout runnng the rs of totally excludng any household from the lst an entry was regarded as a double entry f t met one of the followng condtons: 1 f both telephone number and address were the same as for another entry 2 f both name and address were the same as for another entry 3 f the address was the same as for another entry and t was a busness number 4 f the address was the same as for another entry and only a fax number was gven These double entres were deleted from the lst before samplng. - about 1.2 tmes the requred number of entres were sampled by smple random samplng wthout replacement. - from ths lst entres that referred obvously not to prvate households e.g. schools hosptals large companes government offces and so on were removed. Short nformaton on generated varables: Weghts page 6 of 21

7 SHARE Release July from the remander the requred number of entres was sampled by smple random samplng wthout replacement. Stage 3: Screenng for age-elgblty The selected addresses were screened by a commercal frm that sells nformaton on households and ndvduals manly for maretng purposes. Overall they were able to screen about 75 percent of all addresses. Addresses for whch they had no nformaton were screened by ntervewers. Selecton probabltes Stratum Selecton probablty stage 1 Selecton probabty stage 2 Overall selecton probablty 1 ntal 1 na s / A t / T s na s / A t / T s + 1 addtonal c s A m /A t 200/ T m 200c s A m /A t T m 31 1 na s / A t / T m na s / A t / T m 32 1 na s / A t / T m na s / A t / T m 33 1 na s / A t / T m na s / A t / T m 34 c s A m /A t 100/ T m 100c s A m /A t T m where: c s = number of selected muncpaltes wthn stratum A m = number of prvate households wth persons born before 1955 wthn the muncpalty. A s = number of prvate households wth persons born before 1955 wthn the stratum A t = total number of prvate households wth persons born before 1955 n Wallone and Bruxelles T m = number of entres n telephone lstngs n muncpalty that are non-double and do not obvously refer to addresses other than those of prvate households. n = overall gross sample sze excludng addtonal sample n stratum 1 Bruxelles stratum numbers refer to those used n gross sample fle. For the actual computaton of selecton probabltes the crucal assumpton made s that T m s equal to the number of prvate households accordng to the atonal Regster. Desgn Weghts The desgn weghts are calculated as the nverse of the selecton probabltes. Vgnettes In the ntal sample the vgnette sample was obtaned by selectng 20% of the selected households wthn each muncpalty by smple random samplng. In the addtonal sample n Bruxelles the vgnette sample was obtaned by selectng Short nformaton on generated varables: Weghts page 7 of 21

8 SHARE Release July 2007 one-thrd of the selected households wthn each muncpalty by smple random samplng. The remander were assgned to the man sample. Jont sample weghts The descrpton above refers to the ont sample man + vgnettes. The man sample weghts are calculated by multplyng the probabltes gven there by 0.8 ntal sample or 2/3 addtonal sample. Calbraton nformaton The calbraton vector whch contans 8 gender-age groups s as follows: Gender Male ear of brth umber Gender Female ear of brth umber These numbers were obtaned from the populaton statstcs year 2005 of the atonal Insttute of Statstcs. The numbers were adusted for - the number of persons lvng n the German speang muncpaltes. - the number of persons lvng n homes for the elderly and other nsttutons. Appendx A: Instructons for Samplng Grey Addresses Grey addresses are addresses that are not exportable from the Infobel CD-ROM In ths case the person concerned has ndcated that hs/her data cannot be used for commercal purposes. The only way to copy them s to re-type them manually. et we do not want to exclude them from the SHARE sample. However ther non-exportablty precludes them from beng sampled n the automatc way most addresses are selected. In order to sample them manually n a way that s random results n approxmately equal probabltes of beng selected and s also feasble and not too costly n terms of tme the followng procedure has been devsed. 1. For each muncpalty the number of grey addresses to be sampled s determned such that the proporton n the sample wthn each muncpalty s equal to the proporton of grey addresses wthn the total number of addresses for that partcular muncpalty n the Infobel database. 2. Wthn each muncpalty a number of non-grey startng addresses Adresses-départ are selected randomly. ow for each muncpalty we do the followng: 3. Wthn the Infobel Database select all addresses of the partcular muncpalty. Short nformaton on generated varables: Weghts page 8 of 21

9 SHARE Release July Go to the frst startng address. 5. From ths startng address go down countng the number of grey addresses. 6. Select the thrd grey address and type-copy ths n the Excel fle provded. 7. Contnue to go down and type-copy also the sxth and nneth grey addresses.e. every thrd grey address. 8. Tae the next startng address and repeat steps Contnue ths process untl the predetermned number of grey addresses to be selected has been type-coped.e. all lnes n the Excel fle provded are flled. 10. If n the process of countng you reach the end of the database for that partcular muncpalty contnue countng from the top of the database. 11. A grey address s not selected f: a It clearly does not refer to a household but to an nsttuton admnstraton or company. However f t refers to a small busness where the owner mght lve at the same address t s selected and typecoped. When n doubt select and type-copy. b If the address s the same as a non-grey address.e. same name and same street and street number. We would also le to exclude grey addresses when the names dffer but street street number and telephone number are the same. However as Infobel presents the addresses sorted by name ths s practcally mpossble. If a grey address s not selected one does not tae the next one but contnue selectng every thrd grey address.e. f the sxth grey address happens to be a school you tae the nnth grey address nstead as well as the twelfth grey address. Country: Belgum Dutch Survey Insttute Panel Study of Belgan Households Unverstet Antwerpen Survey Desgn Contact Karel Van den Bosch Unversty of Antwerp Target populaton populaton coverage All households wth at least one Dutch speang member born n 1954 or earler n the Belgan regon of Vlaanderen Flanders. All Dutch speang resdents born n 1954 or earler and ther spouses/partners at the tme of the ntervew n the Belgan regon of Vlaanderen. The target populaton does not nclude ndvduals lvng n 'collectve households'.e. homes for the elderly. Samplng Frame The Belgum_L sample n fact conssts of two samples A and B from the same populaton but at slghtly dfferent ponts n tme whch are wholly ndependent of each other. The dffer n the samplng frame used and employ dfferent desgns. Sample A was the ntal sample. Sample B was drawn when fnancal resources became avalable on the Flanders regonal level for an extenson of the survey. Sample A: Stage 1: Lst of all muncpaltes n Vlaanderen Stage 2: CD-ROM wth telephone numbers Short nformaton on generated varables: Weghts page 9 of 21

10 SHARE Release July 2007 Sample B: Stage 1: Lst of all muncpaltes n Vlaanderen Stage 2: atonal regster of ndvduals and households Frame Problems Sample A: - Some telephone numbers are not lsted - Some households are lsted twce - Busness numbers are ncluded - Some numbers are lsted but not exportable to a data-fle see below Sample B: - Admnstratve data do not always accurately reflect the actual household composton. But ths problem s probably not mportant among persons aged 50 and over. Samplng Desgn Sample A: Three-stage samplng: Sample B: Two-stage samplng: Stage 1: Sample A and Sample B Selecton of Muncpaltes The two largest muncpaltes wthn Vlaanderen Antwerpen and Gent were treated as separate strata and selected wth certanty. The other muncpaltes were selected by smple random samplng wthout replacement and wth a probablty proportonal to the number of prvate households wth at least one person born before Sample A: Stage 2: Selecton of households wthn selected muncpaltes Wthn the large muncpaltes Antwerpen and Gent the number of households to be selected was set equal to the overall samplng fracton. In all other muncpaltes n Vlaanderen 100 addresses were selected. For each muncpalty the data for each selected muncpalty were exported from the telephone lstngs on a CD-ROM to a SPSS fle. Ths was not possble for some entres where the persons concerned had ndcated that they dd not want ther data to be used for 'commercal purposes'. For the latter entres 'grey addresses' after the way they are presented by the CD-ROM. a specal 'manual' samplng procedure was devsed descrbed n detal n Appendx B. The number of addresses to be selected from the non-exportable entres was set for each muncpalty at n m number-of-non-exportable-entres/total-number-of entres. Overall n the selected muncpaltes of Belgum_L non-exportable entres comprsed 10.3% of all entres. The remander of the n m entres to be selected were sampled from the exportable entres. The procedure to select the latter ncluded the followng elements: - busness numbers. In the data-base busness numbers are ndcated as such. However a small feld nvestgaton n one sampled muncpalty whch happened to be the place where I lve revealed that many shopeepers and professonals who lve at the same address as where ther busness s located are only lsted as busness numbers. Therefore busness numbers were not deleted from the lst. Short nformaton on generated varables: Weghts page 10 of 21

11 SHARE Release July double entres. Some households have two telephone numbers or have more than one entry wth same number. On the other hand two households may lve at the same address. To elmnate double entres as much as possble wthout totally excludng any household from the lst an entry was regarded as a double entry f t met one of the followng condtons: 1 f both telephone number and address were the same as for another entry 2 f both name and address were the same as for another entry 3 f the address was the same as for another entry and t was a busness number 4 f the address was the same as for another entry and only a fax number was gven These double entres were deleted from the lst before samplng. - about 1.2 tmes the requred number of entres were sampled by smple random samplng wthout replacement. - from ths lst entres that referred obvously not to prvate households e.g. schools hosptals large companes government offces and so on were removed. - from the remander the requred number of entres was sampled by smple random samplng wthout replacement. Sample B: Stage 2: Selecton of households wthn selected muncpaltes Wthn the large muncpaltes Antwerpen and Gent the number of households to be selected was set equal to the overall samplng fracton. In all other muncpaltes n Vlaanderen 50 households were selected. Among prvate households wth at least one person born n 1954 or earler the requred number of households were selected by smple random samplng wthout replacement. Stage 3 Sample A only: Screenng for age-elgblty The selected addresses were screened by a commercal frm that sells nformaton on households and ndvduals manly for maretng purposes. Overall they were able to screen about 80 percent of all addresses. Addresses for whch they had no nformaton were screened by ntervewers. Selecton probabltes The overall probablty to be selected for any household h s p T h = p A h + p B h where the latter stand for the probaltes of beng selected n sample A and sample B respectvely. Gven the two-stage desgns p X h = p X m p X h m selected where X ndcates sample A B p X m s the probablty that muncpalty m s selected n stage 1 of sample X and p X h m selected ndcates the probablty that household h wthn muncpalty m s selected n stage 2 gven that muncpalty m s selected n stage. The probabltes p X m and p X h m selected are gven n the followng table by stratum and sample: Stratum Selecton probablty stage 1 Selecton probabty stage 2 Sample A Selecton probabty stage 2 Sample B Short nformaton on generated varables: Weghts page 11 of 21

12 SHARE Release July n A A s / A t / T m n B A s / A t / A s = n B / A t n A A s / A t / T m n B A s / A t / A s = n B / A t c X s A m /A t 100/ T m 50/ A m where: c X s = number of selected muncpaltes wthn stratum n sample X X = A B A m = number of prvate households wth persons born before 1955 wthn muncpalty. A s = number of prvate households wth persons born before 1955 wthn stratum A t = total number of prvate households wth persons born before 1955 n Vlaanderen T m = number of entres n telephone lstngs n muncpalty that are non-double and do not obvously refer to addresses other than those of prvate households. n X = overall gross sample sze n sample X X = A B stratum numbers refer to those used n gross sample fle. For the actual computaton of selecton probabltes the crucal assumpton made s that T m s equal to the number of prvate households accordng to the atonal Regster. Desgn Weghts The desgn weghts are calculated as the nverse of the selecton probabltes. Vgnettes In sample A the vgnette sample was obtaned by selectng 25% of the selected households wthn each muncpalty by smple random samplng. The remander were assgned to the man sample. Jont sample weghts The descrpton above refers to the ont sample man + vgnettes. The man sample weghts sample A are calculated by multplyng the probabltes gven there by Calbraton nformaton The calbraton vector whch contans 8 gender-age groups s as follows: Gender Male ear of brth umber Gender Female ear of brth umber These numbers were obtaned from the populaton statstcs year: 2005 of the atonal Insttute of Statstcs. The numbers were adusted for the number of persons lvng n homes for the elderly and other nsttutons. Appendx B: Instructons for Samplng Grey Addresses Short nformaton on generated varables: Weghts page 12 of 21

13 SHARE Release July 2007 Grey addresses are addresses that are not exportable from the Infobel CD-ROM because the person concerned has ndcated that hs/her data cannot be used for commercal purposes. The only way to copy them s to re-type them manually. et we do not want to exclude them from the SHARE sample. However ther non-exportablty precludes them from beng sampled n the automatc way most addresses are selected. In order to sample them manually n a way that s random results n approxmately equal probabltes of beng selected and s also feasble and not too costly n terms of tme the followng procedure has been devsed. 1. For each muncpalty the number of grey addresses to be sampled s determned such that the proporton n the sample wthn each muncpalty s equal to the proporton of grey addresses wthn the total number of addresses for that partcular muncpalty n the Infobel database. 2. Wthn each muncpalty a number of non-grey startng addresses Adresses-départ are selected randomly. ow for each muncpalty we do the followng: 3. Wthn the Infobel Database select all addresses of the partcular muncpalty. 4. Go to the frst startng address. 5. From ths startng address go down countng the number of grey addresses. 6. Select the thrd grey address and type-copy ths n the Excel fle provded. 7. Contnue to go down and type-copy also the sxth and nneth grey addresses.e. every thrd grey address. 8. Tae the next startng address and repeat steps Contnue ths process untl the predetermned number of grey addresses to be selected has been type-coped.e. all lnes n the Excel fle provded are flled. 10.If n the process of countng you reach the end of the database for that partcular muncpalty contnue countng from the top of the database. 11.A grey address s not selected f: a It clearly does not refer to a household but to an nsttuton admnstraton or company. However f t refers to a small busness where the owner mght lve at the same address t s selected and typecoped. When n doubt select and type-copy. b If the address s the same as a non-grey address.e. same name and same street and street number. We would also le to exclude grey addresses when the names dffer but street street number and telephone number are the same. However as Infobel presents the addresses sorted by name ths s practcally mpossbe. If a grey address s not selected you do not tae the next one but contnue selectng every thrd grey address.e. f the sxth grey address happens to be a school you tae the nneth grey address nstead as well as the twelth grey address. Short nformaton on generated varables: Weghts page 13 of 21

14 SHARE Release July 2007 Country: Israel Survey Insttute: B.I. and Luclle Cohen Insttute for Publc Opnon Research Survey desgn contact: oah Lewn-Epsten Target populaton Populaton coverage All households wth at least one Hebrew Arabc or Russan speang member born n 1955 or earler. All Hebrew Arabc or Russan speang resdents born n 1955 or earler and ther spouses/partners at the tme of the ntervew. The target populaton does not nclude ndvduals lvng n nsttutonal resdental facltes n prsons and smlar nsttutons. In Israel the target was set to 1700 households. Samplng frame Frame problems Auxlary frame data that can be used by SHARE Stage 1: Lst of all statstcal regons census dstrcts by populaton stratum stratfed as follows: 1 Jewsh Orthodox 2 Jewsh Tradtonal 3 Jewsh Immgrants from former USSR 4 Jewsh Secular Large Ctes 5 Jewsh Secular Perphery 6 Moslem 7 Chrstan 8 Druze and 9 Mxed Ethncty. Stage 2: The Beze computerzed telephone drectory the natonal telephone company matched to sampled statstcal regons. About 5% of the overall populaton s not lsted n the telephone drectory fewer among the 50+ cohort. Also a few busness telephone numbers may be ncluded n the household drectory. one Samplng desgn The sample s a stratfed cluster sample of the 50+ populaton n Israel. Wthn each stratum the clusterng s herarchcal: subects wthn households wthn statstcal regons wthn strata. In the frst stage a sample of 150 statstcal regons was drawn from the 2300 statstcal regons nto whch Israel s dvded stratfed accordng to the crtera mentoned above. The probablty of ncluson was proportonate to the number of resdents aged 50 and over n the statstcal regon. In the second stage street segments n each of the selected statstcal areas were lsted and matched to the natonal resdental telephone drectory fle. From ths lst of all housng unts wth a phone lstng n a gven statstcal regon a fxed number of housng unts was drawn. All unts were then contacted to verfy whether a person age 50 or older resded n the household. In the fnal stage each ntervewer receved a lst of addresses and was nstructed to ntervew all elgble persons. In calculatng the number of households that needed to be drawn we Short nformaton on generated varables: Weghts page 14 of 21

15 SHARE Release July 2007 Selecton probabltes assumed ntra-cluster correlaton ICC of 0.02 wthn statstcal areas based on prevous experence wth the European Socal Survey and that 45% of households n Israel nclude at least one person 50 years and over. Tang these parameters nto account and amng for a 70% response rate t was necessary to ntally select a lst of 38 addresses n each statstcal area 12/[0.7*0.45]. The probablty that an ndvdual s ncluded n the sample depends on the sample sze n hs/her stratum the sze of the statstcal regon the number of households n the regon wth resdents aged 50 or more and number of such ndvduals n hs/her own household. In the formulas for the samplng probabltes we use to denote stratum to denote statstcal regon wthn a stratum to denote a household n a statstcal regon and l to denote an ndvdual wthn a household. R = the number of statstcal regons n stratum. r = the number of statstcal regons n the sample from stratum. = the number of elgble ndvduals n statstcal regon of stratum. = the number of elgble ndvduals n stratum. ote that. H = the number of elgble households n statstcal regon of stratum. n = the number of households n the fnal sample from statstcal regon of stratum. = the number of elgble ndvduals n household of statstcal regon of stratum. n = the number of elgble ndvduals who were ntervewed n household of statstcal regon of stratum. l s an ndcator varable that equals 1 f elgble ndvdual l n household of statstcal regon of stratum s ncluded n the sample and equals 0 otherwse. s an ndcator varable that equals 1 f household of statstcal regon of stratum s ncluded n the sample and equals 0 otherwse. s an ndcator varable that equals 1 f statstcal regon of stratum s ncluded n the sample and equals 0 otherwse. Basc rules of condtonal probablty are used to compute the probablty that a partcular elgble ndvdual s ncluded n the sample.e. for P { l 1}. Frst we compute the probablty that the relevant statstcal regon s ncluded n the sample. Then condtonal on the regon beng selected we compute the probablty that the household s selected. Fnally condtonal on the household beng selected we compute the probablty that the ndvdual s selected. The probablty that the statstcal regon s selected s fxed as part of the study desgn to be proportonal to the sze of the statstcal regon Short nformaton on generated varables: Weghts page 15 of 21

16 SHARE Release July 2007 Short nformaton on generated varables: Weghts page 16 of 21 where sze s measured by the number of elgble ndvduals n the regon. For ths samplng strategy. 1} { r P The per stratum sample szes r were determned so that they would be proportonal up to round-off error to. Thus up to round-off error the probablty that any statstcal regon was selected was proportonal to the number of elgble ndvduals n the regon. The probablty that the household s selected gven that the area s selected:. 1} 1 { H n P The probablty that the ndvdual s selected:. 1} 1 { n l P Combnng the above terms we fnd that. 1} { H n n r l P We now all of the quanttes nvolved n the last equaton except for H the number of elgble households n the statstcal regon. We estmate ths last term from the data as follows. The average number of elgble ndvduals per ndvdual household n statstcal regon of stratum s / H. Estmate ths last quantty by the sample average n I ] [1/ wth the sum extendng over the households that were ncluded n the sample. ow use ths quantty to estmate H by. / I The fnal probablty calculaton s. 1} { n n I r l P The overall probablty that a household s selected: The probablty that household n statstcal regon of stratum s selected s. 1} 1 { 1} { 1} { H n r P P p As before estmate / H by the sample average n I ] [1/. Ths gves a fnal formula for household selecton probabltes as

17 SHARE Release July 2007 p { 1} r I n. Desgn weghts WIl = 1 / P{l = 1} Vgnettes one Calbraton nformaton The calbraton vector contans 8 dfferent gender and age groups: Men born: Women born: The calbraton vector of populaton totals n the above presented order: The Israel Sample s comprsed of three groups: Hebrew Speaers mostly Jewsh Arabc Speaers Muslms Chrstans Druze and Crcassans and Russan Speaers who mmgrated to Israel from the former USSR after The Calbraton vector of populaton totals for the Hebrew sub-sample n the above presented order: The Calbraton vector of populaton totals for the Arabc subsample n the above presented order: The Calbraton vector of populaton totals for the Russan subsample n the above presented order: Short nformaton on generated varables: Weghts page 17 of 21

18 SHARE Release July 2007 APPEDIX II A short gude to the samplng weghts of SHARE wave 1 release 2 Short nformaton on generated varables: Weghts page 18 of 21

19 SHARE Release July 2007 Anders Klevmaren Department of Economcs UPPSALA UIVERSIT June 2007 A short gude to the samplng weghts of SHARE wave 1 release 2. Samplng weghts are prmarly used n nference to a fnte populaton. The research queston could be for nstance: What s the total number of people wth a certan dsease n a gven country? Or What was the mean ncome n 2003 n country X? The populaton to whch ths nference refers could be the populaton of all households wth at least one member aged 50 years+ n country X or the populaton of all 50+ ndvduals n country X or some subpopulaton doman. Ths nd of nference s usually desgn based that s no model assumptons about the unverse are used. The whole nference s only based on the samplng desgn. The desgn weghts the nverse of the ncluson probabltes can be used to obtan consstent pont estmates of populaton totals or other fnte populaton statstcs. The desgn weghts may or may not be useful also n a model dependent analyss to a superpopulaton the nd of analyss most economsts are used to. Lterature deals wth the queston when weghts should be used n ths nd of nference. In practce we almost never have a complete sample there s nonresponse. The desgn weghts do not compensate for nonresponse. Please note that compensatng for nonresponse should be seen as part of the analyss. There are no general approaches that are good for all purposes. If an analyst thns that nonresponse s systematc n dmensons that are mportant for the analyss the analyst should use a method of compensaton that meets the needs of ths partcular analyss. As a servce to the proect members we have computed calbrated weghts that compensate for unt nonresponse to some extent. Every user should however decde f these weghts age good for the purpose at hand. The data release 1 fles nclude three dfferent nds of weghts: desgn weghts calbrated household weghts and calbrated ndvdual weghts. In countres wth so called vgnette samples each weght exsts n three varants: For the man sample the vgnette sample and for the two combned. 1 The followng lst explans ths wgtmdh wgtvdh wgtadh wgtmch wgtvch wgtach wgtmci wgtvci Desgn weght for the man sample Desgn weght for the vgnette sample Desgn weght for the two samples ontly Calbrated household weght for the man sample Calbrated household weght for the vgnette sample Calbrated household weght for the two samples ontly Calbrated ndvdual weght for the man sample Calbrated ndvdual weght for the vgnette sample 1 In Sweden there s also a sample supplementary to the man sample. It was treated as part of the man sample. Short nformaton on generated varables: Weghts page 19 of 21

20 SHARE Release July 2007 wgtaci Calbrated ndvdual weght fro the two samples ontly By the desgn of SHARE the probablty to nclude any of the elgble ndvduals n a household s the same as the probablty of ncludng the household. Thus the desgn weght s the same for the household as for any elgble ndvdual of the household. The calbrated weghts were obtaned by adustng the desgn weghts. The adustment factors were obtaned n a calbraton to nown populaton totals. In most countres we have calbrated aganst the total natonal populaton by age group and gender. In two countres more nformaton was used. Addtonal detals can be found n the table below. Ths procedure wll for a gven household gve calbrated household weghts that dffer from the calbrated ndvdual weghts. Calbrated ndvdual weghts have been computed for respondng 50+ ndvduals for whom we have complete nformaton about age and gender. There are thus a few ndvduals wth mssng weghts. A varable flags ths and ndcates reason for the mssng value. o calbrated weghts have been computed for ndvduals who are ncluded n the cover screen but dropped out from the ntervew. Please also note that the calbrated weghts do not compensate for any addtonal nonresponse n the drop-offs. Spouses less than 50 have no ndvdual calbrated weght mssng value because we have nothng to calbrate aganst and t s really unclear what nd of calbraton s desred. For countres that do not nclude people lvng n nsttutons n ther samplng frames there s a potental problem n calbratng aganst populaton totals that nclude these people. Ths does not apply to Swtzerland. Lst of flag varables: nowh_amh Flag no weghts due to mssng brth years for HH nowh_or Flag no weghts other reason now_amr Flag no ndvdual weghts due to mssng age of respondent now_ne Flag no ndvdual weghts due to non-elgble respondent born after 1954 For general references to the calbraton methodology see J-C Devlle and C-E. Sarndal "Calbraton Estmators n Survey Samplng" J of the Amercan Statstcal Assocaton June 1992 vol 82 o 418 and S. Lundstrom and C-E Sarndal: Estmaton n the presence of onresponse and Frame Imperfectons Statstcs Sweden 2001 Please note that the weghts are desgned to be used n the estmaton of populaton totals. The sum of the weghts s n tself an estmate of the sze of the populaton. A mean can thus be estmated by ust normalzng the weghts to 1. The varances of desgn based estmates of fnte populaton statstcs depend n general on the whole desgn and not only on the weghts. Some computer Short nformaton on generated varables: Weghts page 20 of 21

21 SHARE Release July 2007 pacages le STATA have routnes that compute proper estmates for certan standard desgns. They need as nput data on the prmary secondary selecton unt and stratum a sample member belongs to. Due to prvacy legslaton we have not been able to nclude these data n the released fles. It s thus currently not possble to compute proper varances. A possble temporary fx-up s to carry on as f we n every country had a sngle stage random sample wth unequal samplng probabltes. Also note that f the weghts are very dfferent one sngle observaton can easly have a large nfluence on an estmate. The Italan desgn n partcular s extreme n ths sense. Country Comment on-response correcton Austra ot a probablty sample no true desgn weghts avalable. Computatons are based on the assumpton of smple random samplng of households Denmar Age/Gender County France Germany Age/Gender Age/Gender Greece Age/Gender Italy the etherlands Span Age/Gender Geographcal/Cty sze strata Age/Gender Age/Gender Sweden Age/Gender Swtzerland Age/Gender not ncludng people n nsttutons Short nformaton on generated varables: Weghts page 21 of 21

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