Drivers and Benefits of practice oriented spacecraft operations training

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1 SpaceOps 2006 Conference AIAA Drivers and Benefits of practice oriented spacecraft operations training Christian D. Bodemann, Joachim.Ochs, Roberto Palmari, Carol Quirke Vega IT GmbH Robert Bosch Str Darmstadt christian.bodemann@vega.de, joachim.ochs@vega.de, roberto.palmari@vega.de, carol.quirke@vega.de Introduction Several hundred of spacecraft are operated currently world-wide and the number is increasing. Therefore the demand for suitable trained operators is increasing. The current problem is that there are just few options to train operator right now. Training on the job is a time and cost intensive solution and external training from satellite providers is very mission specific or quite theoretical. VEGA developed in the last two years with the Spacecraft Operations Training Centre an alternative solution, which offers a cost and time effective solution, which provides a good theoretical background and initial practical experience. Drivers The aims of an operations training are in all cases, no matter if performed by university or spacecraft operations company, the same: Knowledge. Each participant needs to get the theoretical background to understand the fundamental matter of operating a spacecraft. This includes physics, math, dynamics as well as operations procedures, mission preparation, telemetry and telecommands protocols. Experience. Just theory does not guarantee a good operator. Therefore a participant needs to gain some first experience. This can be done in the form of training on the job, it can be also performed in a training with a spacecraft mission simulator. Time. Time is for commercial operators one of the critical issues. The operator must be available and suitable by the time he is needed. Suitable means that he has already some initial experience and understands the fundamentals of operations and just needs to be trained about mission specific issues. Available means that he is trained sitting at his place exactly by the time he is needed. Only in this case training can be considered as cost effective. However the training is performed there are some limitations, which apply to all kinds of operations training: Availability of Training Environment. A trainee can only gain some experience if the training environment is identical or at least as similar as possible with the mission operation environment. As more this is the case as easier is the transition to real operations. Normally is for this case the real environment used and just a mission spacecraft simulator connected to the real mission control system. Unfortunately is the mission control system rarely available. As practice oriented training therefore needs to have something similar. Copyright 2006 by Vega IT GmbH. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., with permission.

2 Training Costs. Training costs money, no matter if it done as training on the job or external because someone needs to run the training and the trainee does not contribute to the company profit, while he is on training. The training environment also costs money. Purchasing an extra mission control system just for training would be ideal, but not affordable. Timing of the training. Training has to be performed before a mission starts and whenever an operator has to be replaced. Both cases are strongly limited by the availability of the hardware. Before a launch, the mission control system is in the validation phase or in use and therefore not available. Benefits What would be the benefits of such a practice oriented spacecraft operations training? On the assumption that such a training course would be available, including a suitable training environment and affordable there would be numerous benefits: Building up in house experience. A practice oriented spacecraft operations training would allow the spacecraft operator to build up training experience and the possibility to adjust the training to the needs. Independence. Having such a course would make the spacecraft operator independent from external training and limit the dependence on a satellite supplier training. Flexibility. The training could be performed whenever necessary. Less time to get into operations. A young graduate can be far quicker trained to be an operations engineer with far less interference of the daily routine with this approach. Experience with specific situations can be gained. As every task also satellite operations includes routine tasks as well as contingencies. All these could be trained, without blocking the operational hard and software. The Spacecraft Operations Training Centre In the last two years VEGA developed an approach, which can help to reduce the problems, the VEGA Satellite Operations Training Centre. It is to provide both the facilities and the training materials to teach the fundamentals of satellite operations and related technologies. It proposes a modular approach, allowing comprehensive training to be tailored to a particular audience. The aim is to go further than a training course, encouraging a real transfer of know-how to scientific or space agencies, universities or spacecraft operators world-wide. The Spacecraft Operations Training Centre not only provides a set of training sessions, but also installs a complete training package, including instructors, hardware and software, allowing the client to teach new team members and conduct refresher training for years to come. The course may be adapted to train future satellite operators or operations engineers, to provide a high level of technical know-how to space engineers or to train instructors who will take over the Mission Control System Training Facility. The Satellite Operations Training Centre is derived from the existing software and satellite technology developed by VEGA for numerous clients including the European Space Agency, Eumetsat and EADS.

3 The Satellite Operations Training Centre is installed in a classroom at the client s site and consists of main operations screens, a generic mission control system and a generic satellite simulator. Each trainee workstation is separately connected to the central systems on a local area network. The instructor has a workstation to drive the course material and monitor the student progress. Key benefits Spacecraft Operations Training Centre offers clients the following benefits: Self contained training centre Instructor training for autonomous operation Hands-on training of generic satellite systems Detailed foundation course in satellite operations Refresher training for existing operators Ability to upgrade the system in the future to add simulations of specific satellites that the client may launch and operate. National autonomy for satellite operation training. Target Group The Satellite Operations Training Centre is for people who want to follow a career in spacecraft operations, starting from little or no practical experience. It is designed for staff aiming to become Spacecraft Controllers or Satellite Operations Engineers. After the participation of the Satellite Operations Training Centre the trainee: knows what equipment and components are needed to operate a satellite, has learned the physical background to understand how a satellite is operated, knows standard procedures to operate a satellite, has operated a simulated training satellite and gained in this way first experience in satellite operation. Initial Qualification The initial qualifications needed to benefit from the Spacecraft Operations Training Centre are: University bachelors level qualification in an engineering discipline such as mechanical or electrical engineering. Physics can be also considered. In some cases People with relevant or similar professional experience can and will be trained as well.. The Training Course This section of the proposal provides details on the Satellite Operations Training Centre training solution. The Spacecraft Operations Training Centre is a component-based product, which includes a training concept, training software and hardware and training services.

4 Training Concept Space Training Centre Training Software & Hardware Training Services Basic Training Spacecraft Simulator Installation Service Advanced Training Operations Training Trainings Mission Control System Computer Based Training Software Computer Aided Training Software Tutors Tutor Training Customer specific Tailoring Spacecraft Operatiopns Training Centre Structure The Spacecraft Operations Training Centre foresees three training levels: Classroom Hardware Hardware and Software Documentation Basic Training: Goal of the Basic Training is to harmonise the level of knowledge. At the end of this part there is a common level of knowledge. The foreseen duration is one week. Advanced Training: Goal of the Advanced Training is to enable the trainee to command and monitor every spacecraft subsystem. This part includes all parts of the familiarisation with the Spacecraft Operations Engineer job. The foreseen duration is four weeks. Operations Training: Goal of the Operations Training is to enable the trainee to operate a spacecraft in simple and nominal cases. In this part simple LEOP session should be considered. As a final exam a small mission scenario could be foreseen. The foreseen duration is one week. Overview & Introduction Training Strategy Overview General Basic Training Advanced Training Whole Part Simple to complex Theory then practice Easy to difficult General to specific Operations Training Chronological order of tasks Spacecraft Operatiopns Training Centre Training Strategy

5 Training Centre Components The Satellite Operations Training Centre consists of the following components: Training Satellite Simulator including the Run-Time Environment Training Mission Control System Computer aided training material (Power Point Presentations) Classroom and classroom infrastructure Documentation Training Equipment 13 Pentium IV 3 GHz TFT for example 3 Beamer for example Spacecraft Operations Trainings Center Training Software Mission Simulator Training MCS Training Tools The STC Components Training Courses 10 Training Sessions User Manuals Satellite Simulator The Spacecraft Operations Training Centre includes a satellite simulator, which is entirely software based and runs on a standalone PC. On each of the PC s the training mission control system and the simulator are installed so that each trainee can individually perform exercises during the different training sessions. During the operations training all trainees PC are connected to one simulator running on the tutor PC via TCP/IP. The simulator is generic and specifically configured and set up for training purposes. The Simulator includes all typical subsystems and instruments a satellite in a low earth orbit is using. Therefore all operations are similar or identical to real equipment. The spacecraft simulator models:

6 Data Management System with 1750 Emulator, OBDH Bus AOCS, with Star Tracker, Reaction Wheels, Gyros, Bi-propellant Reaction Control System Thermal Subsystem with Heaters, Thermistors etc etc Power Subsystem with PCDU, Batteries, Solar Arrays 6 Payloads The current simulator supports: 3613 Telecommands Telemetry parameters Training Mission Control System Telemetry Alpha Numerical Telemetry Mimic Training Mission Control System Out of Limit MCS control The Training Mission Control System components Telecommand / Manual Telecommand Graphs The Training Mission Control System is the main interface for the student in the training environment. It looks currently like the ESA SCOS 2000 mission control system and behaves similar, without being as complex as SCOS. The Training Mission Controls system has the following available displays: 2 alphanumeric displays 2 telemetry history displays telecommand window telecommand history display graphical parameter display out of limits display 5 mimic displays Training courses

7 For the time being, about 15 different training courses have been set up. All subsystem specific training sessions include a set of practical training examples. The material aims to provide training for a six week training including mission scenarios where the students have to work like a flight control team. All training material is delivered as power point presentations in order to allow easy modifications to user needs. The following courses have been set up. System Overview Spacecraft Overview Launchers Overview Ground Systems On Board Data Handling Orbit Mechanics Orbit and Attitude Control System Electrical Power System Reaction Control System Communication System Thermal Control System Payload Interfaces Mission Analysis Mission Planning Mission Types Conclusion Many spacecrafts are operated worldwide and the number is increasing. While in the past operators could be trained just theoretical and then get their experience on the job, today the demand on qualified or experienced operators is increasing. The knowledge needed to operate a spacecraft, some experience in operations and the time for training and availability are the main drivers for a practice oriented spacecraft operations training. Such training would need a realistic training environment, which is affordable. It would also allow to integrate the training into the overall mission plan. The benefits of it would be clearly the in house experience, which would be build up and the independence of external training and availability of operators on the market. The core of such training therefore has to be a realistic training environment, which provides all features of the real operation environment, without being to complex. It requires also a set of training sessions and scenarios in which the student can gain first experience in operations. VEGA developed in the last years a solution for this called Spacecraft operations Training Centre. In the first version it combines the full mission simulator of Venus Express with a mission control system similar to SCOS The training environment includes also a simplified simulator control, documentation and visualisation of the spacecraft. For performing the training, 15 training sessions have been prepared so far. The STC is used meanwhile at Cranfield University and for VEGA internal and external spacecraft operator training. The STC might be the beginning of new practice oriented training for spacecraft operators. Current Status Release 1 of the STC includes a Scientific Mission Simulator. Release 2 is in preparation and includes a generic earth observation satellite. Nomenclature STC = Spacecraft Operations Training Centre References STC User Manual Release Joachim Ochs, Roberto Palmari STC Introduction Session

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