The Murder of Palestinian Women: Amid Patriarchal Authority and Israeli Authority
|
|
- Cynthia Bishop
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Murder of Palestinian Women: Amid Patriarchal Authority and Israeli Authority Maryam Hawari* On November 26, 2012, Aisha Ala asam, a 15-year-old girl from the town of Tal Al-Sabe, was murdered by her brother. The Israeli police had known that Aisha s life was at risk. They had been informed that she had been threatened by her family. She had filed several complaints regarding the danger she was exposed to, but nevertheless, the Israeli police returned her home after a stay with her uncle, who assured her that he would protect her. The police stood silent as Aisha fell victim first to social laws characterized by patriarchal authority, and second to the lack of enforcement of the Israeli law. Aisha s story is one of many stories of Palestinian women and girls who were threatened with death and then were in fact murdered, regardless of their appeal to the Israeli authorities in charge. This paper presents the interactive relationship between the structure of Palestinian society and the Israeli bureaucracy practice regarding the intimidation and murder of Palestinian women. I will focus on the Israeli police s approach to this matter, and the way in which they deal with complaints filed by Palestinian women in danger. Jadal 1 Mada al-carmel
2 Patriarchal Authority The Palestinian society, like many others, is patriarchal. It is built on power relations that marginalize women and treat them as inferior. 1 These relations shape every aspect of women s daily lives be it in the personal or public sphere 2 and empower male hegemony in society. These relations similarly exclude women from decision-making positions by depriving women of having economic or social independence, and expose women to male custody in all stages of life. One mechanism that society adopts to ensure that this structure prevails is through what is known as honor laws. 3 Honor laws are unwritten laws directed towards women, thus determining their behavior in all areas of life, including mobility, dress, and sexuality. From the patriarchal perspective, nonobedience or law-breaking warrants a penalty, with the utmost in its brutality being murder, which is generally carried out by one of the close family members. 4 Honor laws are nothing but a pretext or motive used by society and its perpetrators to lessen the brutality of the crime. Such excuses are similarly used in the media, and by the police and judicial system. This culture-based treatment turns a blind eye to the real motive behind the murder. 5 From a feminist perspective, Femicide is a global phenomenon: It is the killing of women for being women; it is murder on gender grounds; and it is a form of sexual 1 Shalhoub-Kervorkian, N. and Daher-Nashif, S. (2013). Femicide and Colonization: Between the Politics of Exclusion and the Culture of Control. Violence against Women, 19(3), Haj-Yahia, M.M. (2005). On the Characteristics of Patriarchal Societies, Gender Inequality, and Wife Abuse: The Case of Palestinian Society. Adalah Newsletter, Manar, H. (2002). The Politics of Honor: Patriarchy, the State and the Murder of Women in the Name of Family Honor. Journal of Israeli History, 21(1-2), Touma-Sliman, A. (2005). Culture, National Minority And The State: Working Against The Crime Of Family Honour Within The Palestinian Community In Israel. In L. Welchman & S. Hossain (Eds.), Honour : Crimes, Paradigms and Violence Against Women (pp ). New York: Zed Books. 5 Shalhoub-Kevorkian & Daher-Nashif, 2013 Jadal 2 Mada al-carmel
3 abuse. 6 The motive behind killing women is the same as the one that allowed society to invent honor laws in the first place, and it is the same as the one that blesses polygamy or the marriage of minors. It is a mere extension of patriarchal authority and male dominance in society. From a patriarchal perspective, when a woman violates honor laws, she destabilizes the social system by questioning male dominance and is therefore prone to death so as to preserve society. Israeli Authority Paragraph 5 of the Convention to Eliminate All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, adopted in 1979 by the United Nations General Assembly, dictates that the countries that have ratified the convention (to which Israel is a signatory) are legally bound to ensure the effective protection of women against discrimination, including taking measures to alter social structures and behaviors. In addition, paragraph 4 of the Human Dignity and Liberty in Israel law states that all persons are entitled to protection of their life, body, and dignity. In light of such laws and treaties, there is ample responsibility on Israel to ensure that proper measures are taken to protect the life of the Palestinian women in the state. However, when the ideals expressed by the aforementioned are compared to the facts on the ground, we see that the Israeli judicial system (and, in particular, the police) do not provide protection for Palestinian women. In fact, the Israeli legal system takes reluctant or unfair steps, and instead assumes the role of a spectator, relates crime to customs, traditions, and culture, ignores complaints filed by women, and returns women to dangerous environments knowing that their life is in danger. 7 6 Radford, J. and Russel, D.E.H. (1992). Femicide: The Politics of Woman Killing. New York: Twayne Pub. 7 Shalhoub Kevorkian, N. (2004). Racism, militarisation and policing: police reactions to violence against Palestinian women in Israel. Social Identities, 10(2), Jadal 3 Mada al-carmel
4 With respect to procedures and directives internal to the police, there exist clear differences between the way complaints filed by Palestinian women are dealt with compared to the claims filed by Israeli women. For example, violence and murder by the husband is a common issue in the Israeli community. 8 In comparison, in the Palestinian community living in Israel, violence and murder generally occur at the hands of the father or brother of the victim. Whereas the Israeli police treat husband violence within the legal section presiding over domestic violence, they treat violence by other family members which, in the case of Palestinian women, is more common in the general section of the law. 9 As such, the Israeli police restrict domestic violence to violence conducted by the spousal partner, whereas according to paragraph 1 of the Prevention of Family Violence law, the father and the brother are included in the definition of family members. This means that the law should apply to violence executed by father and brother as well. According to this law, murder cases involving Palestinian women should be treated by Israeli police in the same manner as other crimes committed under the domestic violence section. As they are not, it is evident that discrimination persists in the way the police deal with violence against Palestinian women. The Israeli judiciary effort is restricted to after the crime occurs. In the verdicts that address murder crimes, the court condemns the murder and punishes the killer with a prison sentence. Nevertheless, the language of the verdict relate the murder to the workings of a given society and culture instead of dealing with the matter of gender-based murder as a global phenomenon. 10 Regarding cases of assault against women that could have resulted in murder, 8 Kamir, O. (2002).Feminism, Rights and Law in Israel. Retrieved from (in Hebrew) 9 Israeli police responses to questions on domestic violence against Palestinian women, through a questionnaire submitted by the project, To prevent the killing of Arab women, in the feminist-legal clinic of the faculty of Law at the University of Haifa and in collaboration with Women Against Violence and al-siwar, and later (in ) Kayan Feminist Organization. 10 See, for example, the criminal appeal to the Supreme Court 08/ Jadal 4 Mada al-carmel
5 the court s verdicts find it sufficient to impose light sanctions that do not fit the dreadful crime. In these verdicts, the courts discuss considerations that in fact reinforce patriarchal authority, such as the woman s plea to cancel the complaint or claims by the defense of reconciliation (Sulha) 11 between the two parties. The Israeli courts do not take into account the power relations that are at play when they deliver their verdicts, and they entirely ignore the real motives behind the violence and, in some cases, the murder that women are exposed to. The police s reluctance and even failure to protect Palestinian women, as well as the courts statements and verdicts, only strengthen patriarchal authority in Palestinian society. Police inaction and judicial decisions allow this male authority to continue to control the lives of women and unfortunately implies that no law guarantees a Palestinian woman s right to life. This neglect is a manifestation of the colonial occupation and racial discrimination against Palestinians in general and Palestinian women in particular, as it ensures that the state of exclusion is doubly experienced by Palestinian women. *Maryam Hawari is a feminist activist who is currently studying for her bachelor s degree in law at the University of Haifa. 11 Sulha is a term given to an agreement between arguing parties that effectively ends the conflict. In the vast majority of cases, participants in a Sulha are men. Jadal 5 Mada al-carmel
Family Law. Bahrain. Published February 10th, 2014
Family Law In Bahrain Published February 10th, 2014 About Us (BCHR) is a nonprofit, non-governmental organization, registered with the Bahraini Ministry of Labor and Social Services since July 2002. Despite
More informationIstanbul Convention COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONVENTION ON PREVENTING AND COMBATING VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE SAFE FROM FEAR VIOLENCE
Prems 124114 COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONVENTION ON PREVENTING AND COMBATING AGAINST WOMEN AND DOMESTIC Istanbul Convention www.coe.int/conventionviolence conventionviolence@coe.int HOW IS THE IMPLEMENTATION
More informationErbil Declaration. Regional Women s Security Forum on Resolution UNSCR 1325
Erbil Declaration Regional Women s Security Forum on Resolution UNSCR 1325 The Women s Security Forum on Resolution No 1325 for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region concluded its work in Erbil
More information5. The Model Strategies and Practical Measures are aimed at providing de jure and de
MODEL STRATEGIES AND PRACTICAL MEASURES ON THE ELIMINATION OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN THE FIELD OF CRIME PREVENTION AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE 1. The multifaceted nature of violence against women suggests
More informationSUMMARY VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN STATISTICS:
Kosovo (Republic of Kosova) General Country Information: 1 Population: 1,733,872 Female population: 860,274 Member of Council of Europe: No Member of European Union: No CEDAW ratified: (Not signed) CEDAW
More informationADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION
Committee against Torture Forty-fifth session 1-19 November 2010 List of issues prior to the submission of the second periodic report of Qatar (CAT/C/QAT/2) 1 ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION Specific information
More informationFAST FACTS. 100 TO 140 MILLION girls and women in the world have experienced female genital mutilation/ cutting.
603 MILLION women live in countries where domestic violence is not yet considered a crime. Women and girls make up 80% of the estimated 800,000 people trafficked across national borders annually, with
More informationSUMMARY VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN STATISTICS:
Spain (Kingdom of Spain) General Country Information: Population: 45,929,476 Female population: 23,258,614 Member of Council of Europe: 1977 Member of European Union: 1986 CEDAW ratified: 1984 CEDAW Optional
More informationChapter 22 The Economics of Crime
Chapter 22 The Economics of Crime Multiple Choice Questions 1. Crime victims are disproportionately a. Whites B. Minorities 2. Crime is committed disproportionately by a. Whites B. Minorities 3. When blacks
More informationResolution 11/3. Trafficking in persons, especially women and children
Human Rights Council Eleventh Session Resolution 11/3. Trafficking in persons, especially women and children The Human Rights Council, Reaffirming all previous resolutions on the problem of trafficking
More informationUNDERSTANDING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN CAMBODIA
80 UNDERSTANDING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN CAMBODIA Devon Palk During my first trip to Cambodia with the McMaster School, I conducted research on the developing Cambodian Stock Exchange. As an accounting major,
More informationDeclaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women
The General Assembly, Distr. GENERAL A/RES/48/104 23 February 1994 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women General Assembly resolution 48/104 of 20 December 1993 Recognizing the urgent
More informationAdopted by the Security Council at its 5916th meeting, on 19 June 2008
United Nations S/RES/1820 (2008) Security Council Distr.: General 19 June 2008 Resolution 1820 (2008) Adopted by the Security Council at its 5916th meeting, on 19 June 2008 The Security Council, Reaffirming
More informationViolence against women: key statistics
Violence against women: key statistics Research from the 2012 ABS Personal Safety Survey and Australian Institute of Criminology shows that both men and women in Australia experience substantial levels
More informationAdvocate for Women s Rights Using International Law
300 Appendix A Advocate for Women s Rights Using International Law The United Nations (UN) brings together almost every government in the world to discuss issues, resolve conflicts, and make treaties affecting
More informationConvention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
United Nations CEDAW/C/DEU/Q/6 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Distr.: General 12 August 2008 Original: English ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION Committee on the Elimination
More informationConvention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
United Nations CEDAW/C/KOR/CO/6 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Distr.: General 10 August 2007 Original: English Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination
More informationInternational legal instruments and model framework on legislation to address violence against women Ms. Indira Jaising
International legal instruments and model framework on legislation to address violence against women Ms. Indira Jaising Executive Director, Lawyers Collective Women s Rights Initiative Additional Solicitor
More informationEnding Violence Against Women By Ted Bunch
Ending Violence Against Women By Ted Bunch Naming The Problem: Domestic violence, rape, sexual assault and all forms of violence and discrimination against women and girls is the manifestation of sexism.
More informationBill for the Protection of Women and Family Members Against Domestic Violence
Bill for the Protection of Women and Family Members Against Domestic Violence Article 1: The provisions of the present law shall apply to domestic violence as per the rules established in the Articles
More informationMen in Charge? Gender Equality and Children s Rights in Contemporary Families
International Day of Families 2015 Observance Men in Charge? Gender Equality and Children s Rights in Contemporary Families Background Note Gender equality and children s rights in family laws Fair legal
More informationTitle of Dissertation: Constructions of Marital Rape in the Canadian Criminal Justice System.
Ruthy Lazar Education Osgoode Hall Law School, York University, Canada Doctor of Philosophy, PhD - Law, (September 2004 March 2009) Title of Dissertation: Constructions of Marital Rape in the Canadian
More informationConvention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
United Nations CEDAW/C/ETH/Q/6-7 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Distr.: General 4 November 2010 Original: English Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination
More informationWhat Is Gender-Based Violence?
What Is Gender-Based Violence? Running Time: 3 hours Materials: Flipchart and flipchart stand/chalkboard, markers; Handout: Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women Target Audience: can
More informationTABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. Guiding Principle 2. Safety Assessment for Families with Partner or family member assault/domestic violence 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS Summary of Protocols for use when Partner or family member assault/domestic violence is present or suspected in Cases of Child Maltreatment Page Guiding Principle 2 Safety Assessment
More informationAustralian Association of Social Workers Incorporated in the ACT ACN 008 576 010 ABN 93 008 576 010. Domestic and Family Violence Position Paper
Introduction: The Social Work Platform The social work profession is committed to maximising the well being of individuals and society. It considers that individual and societal wellbeing is underpinned
More informationLiberty s Briefing: Forced Marriage (Civil Protection) Bill
Liberty s Briefing: Forced Marriage (Civil Protection) Bill January 2007 1 About Liberty Liberty (The National Council for Civil Liberties) is one of the UK s leading civil liberties and human rights organisations.
More informationCRIMINAL LAW & YOUR RIGHTS MARCH 2008
CRIMINAL LAW & YOUR RIGHTS MARCH 2008 1 What are your rights? As a human being and as a citizen you automatically have certain rights. These rights are not a gift from anyone, including the state. In fact,
More informationAdvancing Gender Equality in Northern Ireland: Addressing Domestic Violence and Human Rights Protections for Women
Advancing Gender Equality in Northern Ireland: Addressing Domestic Violence and Human Rights Protections for Women Two objectives in responding to the DHSS/DOJ strategy on Domestic and Sexual Violence
More informationADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION
ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION Human Rights Committee List of issues in relation to the second periodic report of Cambodia* Constitutional and legal framework within which the Covenant is implemented (art. 2)
More informationINTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE
INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE 28 Injury Prevention Plan of Alabama INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE THE PROBLEM: In a national survey, 25% of female participants reported being raped or physically assaulted by an
More informationCEDAW/C/TUR/CC/4-5. Concluding comments: Turkey. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women Thirty-second session 10-28 January 2005
15 February 2005 Original: English Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women Thirty-second session 10-28 January 2005 Concluding comments: Turkey 1. The Committee considered the combined
More informationReducing Violence against Women: Justice Sector Perspectives
Reducing Violence against Women: Justice Sector Perspectives It is said that we were all born under a star; when I watch the stars at night, I ask which of them is mine, so that I can change it for another
More informationInformation for Crime Victims and Witnesses
Office of the Attorney General Information for Crime Victims and Witnesses MARCH 2009 LAWRENCE WASDEN Attorney General Criminal Law Division Special Prosecutions Unit Telephone: (208) 332-3096 Fax: (208)
More information7034:12/83 AMERICAN BAPTIST POLICY STATEMENT ON CRIMINAL JUSTICE
7034:12/83 AMERICAN BAPTIST POLICY STATEMENT ON CRIMINAL JUSTICE The proper purpose of a criminal justice system is to protect society and individuals, including victims and offenders from seriously harmful
More informationID: International Dialogue, A Multidisciplinary Journal of World Affairs 4 2014
ID: International Dialogue, A Multidisciplinary Journal of World Affairs 4 2014 Review Human Rights & Gender Violence: Translating International Law into Local Justice Sally Engle Merry. Chicago: The University
More informationSwedish Code of Statutes
Swedish Code of Statutes Act on criminal responsibility for genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes SFS 2014:406 Published 11 June 2014 issued on 28 May 2014. In accordance with a decision by
More informationConsideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 40 of the Covenant. Concluding observations of the Human Rights Committee
United Nations International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights CCPR/C/HUN/CO/5 Distr.: General 16 November 2010 Original: English Human Rights Committee 100th session Geneva, 11-29 October 2010 Consideration
More informationCOMMITTEE ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD. Twenty- Second Session CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES UNDER ARTICLE 44 OF THE CONVENTION
UNITED NATIONS CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child Distr. GENERAL CRC/C/15/Add.111 10 November 1999 Original: ENGLISH COMMITTEE ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD Twenty- Second Session CONSIDERATION OF
More informationGender Based Violence
Gender Based Violence Background and problem statement Background Gender-based violence (GBV) is violence that is directed against a person on the basis of gender (European Institute for Gender Equality,
More informationREFLECTIONS ON A LEGAL STRATEGY FOR ADDRESSING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE: THE US EXPERIENCE
REFLECTIONS ON A LEGAL STRATEGY FOR ADDRESSING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE: THE US EXPERIENCE Temida: Journal of the Victimology Society and Group for Women s Rights of the European Movement in Serbia, Issue 1,
More informationContents. Wolhuter Lorraine Victimology : victimisation and victims' rights. xii xiv xvi. Acknowledgements Table of Cases Table of Statutes
Wolhuter Lorraine Victimology : victimisation and victims' rights Contents Acknowledgements Table of Cases Table of Statutes xii xiv xvi 1 Introduction 1 Key developments in victimology, policy and practice
More informationChild Marriage legal and condoned
Human Rights Committee c/o Kate Fox Principi, Secretary of the Human Rights Committee Human Rights Committee Secretariat United Nations OHCHR 1 UN Plaza, Rm 511 New York, NY 10017 Via e-mail and delivery
More informationUNODC work on crime stats and analysis at international level. Enrico Bisogno Statistics and Surveys Section UNODC
UNODC work on crime stats and analysis at international level Enrico Bisogno Statistics and Surveys Section UNODC Main functions of UNODC on crime statistics 1. To collate, disseminate and analyse country
More informationSexual Violence as Weapon of War. By Lydia Farah Lawyer & Legal researcher
Sexual Violence as Weapon of War By Lydia Farah Lawyer & Legal researcher In general women face in peacetime as well as in wartime different forms of discrimination and gender based violence. But during
More informationOrders of Protection
Orders of Protection Hotline: (212) 343-1122 www.liftonline.org This guide answers questions that you may have if an order of protection has been filed against you in Criminal Court or Family Court. The
More informationWomen and the Criminal Justice System
SECOND EDITION Women and the Criminal Justice System Katherine Stuart van Wormer University of Northern Iowa Clemens Bartollas University of Northern Iowa Boston New York San Francisco Mexico City Montreal
More informationInternational legal instruments for the protection of women s rights
International legal instruments for the protection of women s rights Prof. Dr. Christa Tobler, LL.M. Europa Institutes of the Universities of Basel (Switzerland) and Leiden (The Netherlands) Formation
More informationConvention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
United Nations CEDAW/C/SAU/CO/2 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Distr.: General 8 April 2008 Original: English Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination
More informationCOMPENSATION IN THE CASES OF FORCIBLY MOBILIZED REFUGEES
COMPENSATION IN THE CASES OF FORCIBLY MOBILIZED REFUGEES COMPENSATION IN THE CASES OF FORCIBLY MOBILIZED REFUGEES 1 Mojca Šivert Mojca Šivert The circumstances under which 705.667 2 persons have left the
More informationREPORTING AN OFFENCE TO THE POLICE: A GUIDE TO CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS
REPORTING AN OFFENCE TO THE POLICE: A GUIDE TO CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS If you are experiencing or have experienced domestic volence and/or sexual violence there are a number of ways the law can protect
More informationGENDER BASED VIOLENCE AWARENESS IN THE CHURCH
AFRICA FOR RESULTS INITIATIVE GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AWARENESS IN THE CHURCH Auxilia Piringondo Case Study N 6 SYNOPSIS Gender-based violence (GBV) means physical, sexual, emotional or psychological violence
More informationI N F O R M A T I O N B U L L E T I N. Considerations for Sexual Assault Coordination
I N F O R M A T I O N B U L L E T I N Considerations for Sexual Assault Coordination This information bulletin is based on the information available at April 4, 2002. In addition to the sources cited,
More informationFROM CHARGE TO TRIAL: A GUIDE TO CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
FROM CHARGE TO TRIAL: A GUIDE TO CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS If you are experiencing, or have experienced, domestic violence and/or sexual violence there are a number of ways the law can protect you. This includes
More informationChild Protection. UNICEF/Julie Pudlowski. for children unite for children
Child Protection UNICEF/Julie Pudlowski for children unite for children UNICEF/Hiroki Gomi UNICEF/Hiroki Gomi Fast facts Sexual violence experienced in childhood 28% girls 13% boys Physical violence experienced
More informationMOROCCO/ WESTERN SAHARA COMPREHENSIVE REFORMS TO END VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN LONG OVERDUE
MOROCCO/ WESTERN SAHARA COMPREHENSIVE REFORMS TO END VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN LONG OVERDUE Amnesty International Publications First published in March 2013 by Amnesty International Publications International
More informationPUBLIC OPINION ON THE MANDATORY DEATH PENALTY IN TRINIDAD A SUMMARY OF THE MAIN FINDINGS OF A SURVEY. Roger Hood and Florence Seemungal
PUBLIC OPINION ON THE MANDATORY DEATH PENALTY IN TRINIDAD A SUMMARY OF THE MAIN FINDINGS OF A SURVEY Roger Hood and Florence Seemungal A Report for the Death Penalty Project and the Rights Advocacy Project
More informationRecommendations for a Mexican Child Protection System
Recommendations for a Mexican Child Protection System Introduction: Save the Children in Mexico Save the Children has operated in Mexico since 1973 and currently promotes and defends Children s Rights
More informationPART THREE: TEMPLATE POLICY ON GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AND THE WORKPLACE
PART THREE: TEMPLATE POLICY ON GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AND THE WORKPLACE Draft Organization s Bulletin The Secretary-General, for the purpose of preventing and addressing cases of Genderbased Violence (as
More informationFACT SHEET: A summary of the rights under the Convention on the Rights of the Child
FACT SHEET: A summary of the rights under the Convention on the Rights of the Child Article 1 (Definition of the child): The Convention defines a 'child' as a person below the age of 18, unless the laws
More informationIV. GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS ADOPTED BY THE COMMITTEE ON THE ELIMINATION OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN. Twentieth session (1999) *
IV. GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS ADOPTED BY THE COMMITTEE ON THE ELIMINATION OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN Twentieth session (1999) * General recommendation No. 24: Article 12 of the Convention (women and
More informationCHAPTER 13: International Law, Norms, and Human Rights
CHAPTER 13: International Law, Norms, and Human Rights MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Why did the former Secretary General of the United Nations, Kofi Annan, state that the US invasion of Iraq in 2003 was illegal?
More informationRoyal Kram PREAH CHAU KRONG KAMPUCHEA THIPDEY
1005/031 Royal Kram We, PREAH KARONA PREAH BAT SAMDECH PREAH BOROM NEATH NORODOM SIHAMONI SAMANPHOM CHEATH SASNA RAKHATKHATEYEA KHEMRAROADREAS PUTHINTREA THOREAMOHAKSAT KHEMREACHNEA SAMOHORPHEAS KAMPUCHAK
More informationDomestic Violence Laws and the Illinois Domestic Violence Act
CHAPTER 8 Domestic Violence Laws and the Illinois Domestic Violence Act Although clergy and other spiritual leaders may not be directly involved in the legal procedures described below, it is important
More informationCOMMUNITY PROTOCOL FOR DOMESTIC VIOLENCE CASES
COMMUNITY PROTOCOL FOR DOMESTIC VIOLENCE CASES PURPOSE: The County Attorney, Sheriff, Police Chief, Court Service Officer and DV Agency have mutually agreed upon this community protocol to encourage the
More informationHANDOUT 1: Purpose and Principles of Sentencing in Canada
HANDOUT 1: Purpose and Principles of Sentencing in Canada Principles of Sentencing The Criminal Code of Canada outlines the principles and purpose of sentencing in s. 718. These principles are placed in
More informationRebellion Against Police Violence. Towards Community Defense, Dual Power and Revolution
Rebellion Against Police Violence Towards Community Defense, Dual Power and Revolution Introduction The murder of Mike Brown at the hands of a police officer in Ferguson, MO evoked rage among the people,
More informationPalestinian Women and Personal Status Law. Policy Brief Ramallah and Geneva, May 2012
Palestinian Women and Personal Status Law Policy Brief Ramallah and Geneva, May 2012 Women s Centre for Legal Aid and Counselling (WCLAC) The Women s Centre for Legal Aid and Counselling (WCLAC) was established
More informationThe rights of women seeking asylum: a charter
The rights of seeking asylum: a charter The rights of seeking asylum: a charter Women come to the UK to seek protection from a range of human rights abuses abroad. Whilst some of their experiences, such
More informationCOUNCIL OF EUROPE COMMITTEE OF MINISTERS
COUNCIL OF EUROPE COMMITTEE OF MINISTERS Recommendation Rec(2006)8 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on assistance to crime victims (Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 14 June 2006 at
More informationDear Delegates, It is a pleasure to welcome you to the 2016 Montessori Model United Nations Conference.
Dear Delegates, It is a pleasure to welcome you to the 2016 Montessori Model United Nations Conference. The following pages intend to guide you in the research of the topics that will be debated at MMUN
More informationBelfast Feminist Network
Belfast Feminist Network Written evidence on the proposed amendment to the Justice Bill brought before the Justice Committee by Jim Wells MLA on 2 July 2014 Belfast Feminist Network is a community collective
More informationHOUSING AUTHORITY OF THE CITY AND COUNTY OF DENVER VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN ACT PROCEDURE
HOUSING AUTHORITY OF THE CITY AND COUNTY OF DENVER VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN ACT PROCEDURE I. Purpose and Applicability The purpose of this policy (herein called Policy ) is to implement the applicable provisions
More informationVOTER GUIDE AUGUST PRIMARY ELECTION CIRCUIT COURT JUDGE 6 th Circuit Tuesday, August 7, 2012 POLLS ARE OPEN 7:00 A.M. 8:00 P.M.
VOTER GUIDE AUGUST PRIMARY ELECTION CIRCUIT COURT JUDGE 6 th Circuit Tuesday, August 7, 2012 POLLS ARE OPEN 7:00 A.M. 8:00 P.M. LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS OAKLAND AREA Website: www.lwvoa.org E-mail: contact@lwvoa.org
More information1. The Committee considered Italy s fourth and fifth periodic reports (CEDAW/C/ITA/4-5) at its 681st and 682nd meeting on 25 January 2005.
15 February 2005 Original: English Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women Thirty-second session 10-28 January 2005 Concluding comments: Italy 1. The Committee considered Italy s fourth
More informationViolence against women in Egypt 1
United Nations Statistical Commission ESA/STAT/AC.193/2 United Nations Statistics Division Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía de México November 2009 Meeting of the Friends of the Chair of the
More informationDOMESTIC VIOLENCE PENALTIES UNDER COLORADO LAW Fact/Discussion Sheet
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE PENALTIES UNDER COLORADO LAW Fact/Discussion Sheet If you are convicted of a domestic violence charge, the penalties can be onerous. The following penalties assume a misdemeanor conviction.
More informationA Summary of Virginia s Crime Victim and Witness Rights Act
A Summary of Virginia s Crime Victim and Witness Rights Act Your Rights and Responsibilities Department of Criminal Justice Services Victims Services Section December 2008 www.dcjs.virginia.gov Table of
More informationIncorporating victims views in reparation cases: a challenge for lawyers.
Incorporating victims views in reparation cases: a challenge for lawyers. Luc Walleyn 1. Analysing the views of a victims group Representing victims of mass crimes is an exiting but difficult job, which
More informationFarzad Family Law Scholarship 2014
Farzad Family Law Scholarship 2014 Should the right to marry for same-sex couples become a federal constitutional right by amendment to the United States Constitution or remain a State issue? The United
More informationWomen s Rights: Issues for the Coming Decades
September 24, 2010 Suzanne B. Goldberg Columbia Law School Remarks for the International Conference on the Protection of Women s Rights Women s Rights: Issues for the Coming Decades I am delighted to be
More informationGENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN S RIGHTS. Council of Europe Standards
GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN S RIGHTS Council of Europe Standards G ender equality is central to the protection of human rights, the functioning of democracy, respect for the rule of law, and economic growth
More informationWhat Employers Need to Know to Help
Occupational Health & Safety Council of Ontario (OHSCO) WORKPLACE VIOLENCE PREVENTION SERIES Domestic Violence Doesn t Stop When Your Worker Arrives at Work: What Employers Need to Know to Help What is
More informationDomestic Violence. La violencia doméstica KNOW YOUR RIGHTS
KNOW YOUR RIGHTS Domestic Violence CONOZCA SUS DERECHOS La violencia doméstica For immediate help call National Domestic Violence Hotline 1-800-799-SAFE or 1-800-787-3224 TTD You CAN do something about
More informationGeneral recommendation No. 34 adopted by the Committee
United Nations Advance edited version Distr.: General 30 September 2011 CERD/C/GC/34 Original: English Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination Seventy-ninth session 8 August 2 September 2011
More informationVisions for Gender Equality. Gendered violence: a cause and a consequence of inequality
Visions for Gender Equality Francesca Bettio and Silvia Sansonetti (editors) Language editor: Jacki Davis Gendered violence: a cause and a consequence of inequality Violence against women is not the result
More informationJoint Statement. Background
Lawyers Rights Watch Canada, the Native Women s Association of Canada, BC CEDAW Group, Feminist Alliance for International Action, and International Women's Rights Project call on the federal government
More informationCollege of Arts and Sciences Criminal Justice Course Descriptions
CATALOG 2010-2011 Undergraduate Information College of Arts and Sciences Criminal Justice Course Descriptions CCJ2002: Crime in America This course is an introduction to the study of criminology/criminal
More informationInternational Mechanisms for Promoting Freedom of Expression JOINT DECLARATION ON CRIMES AGAINST FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION
International Mechanisms for Promoting Freedom of Expression JOINT DECLARATION ON CRIMES AGAINST FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION The United Nations (UN) Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Opinion and Expression, the
More informationOptional Protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child CRC/C/OPSC/VEN/CO/1 Distr.: General 19 September 2014 Original: English ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION Committee on the Rights of the Child Optional Protocol
More informationLEGAL AWARENESS & CONFIDENCE BUILDING AGAINST SEXUAL HARASSMENT AT WORK PLACE
LEGAL AWARENESS & CONFIDENCE BUILDING AGAINST SEXUAL HARASSMENT AT WORK PLACE A campaign among Government employees of Thrissur Revenue District with active cooperation and participation of the District
More informationUndergraduate Criminology Courses
Undergraduate Criminology Courses CRM 110: Introduction to the Criminal Justice System (3 Credits) Introduction to the structure and operation of the criminal justice system in the United States: Attention
More informationISLINGTON AND SHOREDITCH HOUSING ASSOCIATION DOMESTIC VIOLENCE POLICY
ISLINGTON AND SHOREDITCH HOUSING ASSOCIATION DOMESTIC VIOLENCE POLICY 1.0 DEFINITION 1.1 ISHA has adopted the Government s core definition of domestic violence which is: Any incident of threatening behaviour,
More informationDefendants charged with serious violent and sexual offences (including murder)
Bail Amendment Bill Q+A Defendants charged with serious violent and sexual offences (including murder) How is the Government changing bail rules for defendants charged murder? The Government thinks that
More informationKENTUCKY VICTIMS RIGHTS LAWS1
CONSTITUTION STATUTES KENTUCKY VICTIMS RIGHTS LAWS1 Kentucky does not have a victims' rights amendment to its constitution. Title XXXVIII, Witnesses, Evidence, Notaries, Commissioners of Foreign Deeds,
More informationThank you for your invaluable contribution to the Women, Business and the Law project and to the work of the World Bank Group.
Women, Business and the Law wbl.worldbank.org «Survey_Economy» Dear «FirstName» «LastName», The Women, Business and the Law (WBL) report is a publication of the World Bank Group that benchmarks laws and
More informationStalking 101: Understanding the lethality of stalking in today s world
Stalking 101: Understanding the lethality of stalking in today s world Objectives Participants will be able to recognize the dynamics of stalking and the its impact on victims Participants will understand
More informationDevelopment of Forensic Nursing in Australia: Associate Professor Linda Saunders 4 th December 2008
Development of Forensic Nursing in Australia: Associate Professor Linda Saunders 4 th December 2008 Working with Offenders Country Total Criminal Population Population Australia 20,090,437 22,458 Canada
More informationEU guidelines on violence against women and girls and combating all forms of discrimination against them
EU guidelines on violence against women and girls and combating all forms of discrimination against them 1. Objective of the guidelines The adoption of guidelines on violence against women and girls is
More informationHOMICIDE IN CANADA. Bonny Walford
TP< I HOMICIDE IN CANADA Bonny Walford The crime of homicide is regarded as the most heinous of crimes by most members of Canadian society. Society's degree of condemnation is reflected in the severity
More information