Bacterial Classification and Disease

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Bacterial Classification and Disease"

Transcription

1 Bacterial Classification and Disease

2 Purpose To provide an overview of how physicians think when confronted with a bacterial infection To alert you to the importance of bacterial classification in treatment The importance of knowing the etiology of organ system based infection and the Gram stain

3 Purpose Some microbiology courses teach infectious diseases in a "bug parade" - Here are all of the gram-positive cocci, and here's what they do. Here are their random virulence factors,... That is not our philosophy (see Schaechter). This lecture provides that framework for students who want the bug parade organization.

4 Purpose The detail in this lecture is NOT to be memorized for exams. The principles ARE testable.

5 Bacterial Classification Based on several major properties Gram stain (and other stains) Morphology Metabolic behavior (e.g., oxygen) Infection patterns (e.g., zoonoses) Obligate intracellular Antigenic composition DNA sequence

6 Metabolic properties May influence the type of disease caused, but not necessarily Anaerobes have a greater propensity to cause abscesses Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an obligate aerobe affects tissue tropism Acid fast organisms grow slowly - chronic infections Vibrio vulnificus grows fast - rapid progression

7 Bacterial classification Cell morphology Shapes Rod Cocci Spiral Filamentous Associations Individual Diplo- Staphylo- Strepto- Filaments Bacteria G+ G- Acid Wall Intra fast less cellular Rod Cocci Rod Cocci Spiral

8 Bacteria Gram + Gram - Acid Fast Intra Cellular Wall Less Cocci Rod Staph.Strep. Entero Non-spore Spore coccus Fil Rod +O 2 -O 2 Spiral Treponema Borrelia Leptospira Rod Cocci Neisseria Moraxella M.t. M.l. N.c. Rickettsia Mycoplasma Coxiella Ureaplasma Erlichia Chlamydia S. a. S. e. S. s. A B Pn Vir A.i. C.d. L. m. B.a. B.c. C.b. C.t. C.p. C.d. +O 2 +/-O 2 -O 2 Straight Other Curve Vibrio Campylobacter Helicobacter P.a. Enteric Many! Bacteroides Resp. Zoonoses GU Bordetella Haemophilus Legionella Yersinia H. ducreyi Pasteurella Gardnerella Brucella Francisella Streptobacillus

9 Classification and Disease Gram-positive cocci - pyogenic Streptococcus pyogenes Staphylococcus aureus Gram-negative cocci - pyogenic Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria meningitidis Spirals - chronic infections Treponema pallidum Borrelia burdorferi Leptospira

10 How a physician approaches bacterial diseases Organ system approach Which bacteria cause disease in a certain location The "usual suspects" Gram stain approach The Gram stain is used to treat empirically before cultures are completed Requires that one is able to get a Gram stain directly from a patient sample, which is not always the case (e.g., stool, sinus, endocarditis) The combination of these is ideal 1

11 Upper Respiratory Tract Pharyngitis mostly viral lots of normal flora (Gram stain little value) rapid test (e.g., Phadebact), culture If Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A strep) must treat - why? Other causes - young adult Mononucleosis Gonorrhea Diphtheria (not likely - why?)

12 Pneumonia Sputum Gram stain (and other stains) very helpful (why?) Coupled with chest X-ray Other signs, symptoms, history

13 Gram stain What is this? 2

14 Gram stain What is this?

15 Acid fast stain What is this?

16 Silver stain What is this?

17 Otitis media and Sinusitis Gram stain and culture not practical Otitis media - tympanostomy Sinusitis - must access sinus Usual suspect list (same) Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae Moraxella catarrhalis Empiric therapy

18 Meningitis Gram stain practical and extremely important CSF sterile, few host cells Note bacteria and host cells Couple with age Neonate Child Adult

19 Meningitis Neonate E. coli K1 Group B streptococcus (S. agalactiae) Listeria monocytogenes Children and adults Streptococcus pneumoniae Neisseria meninigitidis

20 Meningitis

21 3 Meningitis

22 Meningitis

23 Endocarditis Gram stain not practical Can't access infection site! Bacteremia too low Usual suspects Oral streptococci Enterococci Staphylococci

24 Enteric infections Gram stain not practical Can't access infection site Too much stuff in stool Mostly viral Blood and pus indicators of disease

25 Abdomen Organisms come from the GI tract Gram-negative rods Facultative anaerobes (Enterobacteriaceae) Obligate anaerobes (Bacteroides, Fusobacterium) Sometimes gram positive cocci Aerobic (Enterococcus and Streptococcus) Anaerobic (Peptostreptococcus) Obligate anaerobic gram positive rods (Clostridium)

26 Skin Infections Skin flora - gram-positive cocci Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pyogenes Complex skin infections Skin flora plus enteric flora and environmental flora

27 Urinary tract infection Because of proximity to GI tract enteric flora are the prime suspects Facultative aerobic enteric gramnegative rods predominate (E. coli) Unusual to find staphylococci and streptococci or anaerobes

28 Sexually Transmitted Only a few bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae Chlamydia trachomatis Treponema pallidum

29 4 Sexually Transmitted

30 Sexually Transmitted

31 Sexually Transmitted Dark field 5

32 Take home messages Classification is boring but important for initial therapy. Know what organisms are common at the various sites of infection as you go through the course. Know the Gram stain and metabolic properties of the common bacteria found at each organ system infection. Don t memorize it for this lecture. It will be taught in the lectures that follow.

MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 603 OR POPULATION HEALTH SCIENCES 603 CLINICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH MICROBIOLOGY January 18-May 6, 2011

MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 603 OR POPULATION HEALTH SCIENCES 603 CLINICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH MICROBIOLOGY January 18-May 6, 2011 MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 603 OR POPULATION HEALTH SCIENCES 603 CLINICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH MICROBIOLOGY January 18-May 6, 2011 Lectures: M, W, F 1:20-2:30 P.M. ( All lectures will be ~ 70 Minutes ) Office Hours

More information

Medical Microbiology Microscopic slides and media

Medical Microbiology Microscopic slides and media Medical Microbiology Microscopic slides and media Head of Microbiology Department and Laboratory Medical Immunology : Janina Grzegorczyk MD, PhD, professor Implementators: Małgorzata Brauncajs MD Zbigniew

More information

STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY CANTON, NEW YORK COURSE OUTLINE VSCT 210 VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY

STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY CANTON, NEW YORK COURSE OUTLINE VSCT 210 VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY CANTON, NEW YORK COURSE OUTLINE VSCT 210 VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY Prepared By: Mary O Horo Loomis, DVM SCHOOL OF SCIENCE, HEALTH AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE VETERINARY

More information

Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance

Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance I. PROBLEM OF RESISTANCE A. Resistance varies with setting, e.g. hospital vs. community B. Resistance varies with geographical location C. Multiple antibiotic resistance

More information

Bacterial Classification, Structure and Function

Bacterial Classification, Structure and Function Frank Lowy Bacterial Classification, Structure and Function Introduction The purpose of this lecture is to introduce you to terminology used in microbiology. The lecture will: 1. cover different classification

More information

Labquality External Quality Assessment Programmes General Bacteriology 1 4/2010

Labquality External Quality Assessment Programmes General Bacteriology 1 4/2010 Labquality External Quality Assessment Programmes General Bacteriology 1 4/2010 Photos and text: Markku Koskela, M.D., Ph.D. Clinical microbiology specialist Oulu, Finland Sample 13/2010 Cerebrospinal

More information

The Gram Stain (2009)

The Gram Stain (2009) The Gram Stain (2009) E.J. Baron, Ph.D., D(ABMM) Prof. Pathology, Stanford Univ. Med. School Director Clin Micro/Viro Labs Director of Medical Affairs, Cepheid Gram positive thick peptidoglycan and teichoic

More information

SELECTIVE AND DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA

SELECTIVE AND DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA SELECTIVE AND DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA Selective and differential media are used to isolate or identify particular organisms. Selective media allow certain types of organisms to grow, and inhibit the growth

More information

BIOL 584 (Medical Microbiology) Syllabus Spring 2009

BIOL 584 (Medical Microbiology) Syllabus Spring 2009 BIOL 584 (Medical Microbiology) Syllabus This course will focus on mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis and the host response, and the scientific approaches that are used to investigate these processes.

More information

APPENDIX B: UWHC SURGICAL ANTIMICROBIAL PROPHYLAXIS GUIDELINES

APPENDIX B: UWHC SURGICAL ANTIMICROBIAL PROPHYLAXIS GUIDELINES APPENDIX B: UWHC SURGICAL ANTIMICROBIAL PROPHYLAXIS GUIDELINES Principles of prophylaxis 1) Use antimicrobials for surgical procedures where prophylactic antimicrobials have been found to be beneficial.

More information

Medical Microbiology Culture Media :

Medical Microbiology Culture Media : Lecture 3 Dr. Ismail I. Daood Medical Microbiology Culture Media : Culture media are used for recognition and identification (diagnosis) of microorganisms. The media are contained in plates (Petri dishes),

More information

Laboratory Exercise # 11: Differentiation of the Species Staphylococcus and Streptococcus

Laboratory Exercise # 11: Differentiation of the Species Staphylococcus and Streptococcus Laboratory Exercise # 11: Differentiation of the Species Staphylococcus and Streptococcus Purpose: The purpose of this laboratory exercise is to explore the differences between Staphylococcal species and

More information

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors Protein Synthesis Inhibitors Macrolides - Lincosamides Aminoglycosides Tetracyclines Chloramphenicol Oxazolidinones Streptogramins Lecture Outline Description of protein synthesis - translation Antibiotics

More information

PACKAGE LEAFLET. CLINDAMYCIN capsules Clidamycin. One capsule of 75 mg contains 75 mg Clindamycin (as hydrochloride).

PACKAGE LEAFLET. CLINDAMYCIN capsules Clidamycin. One capsule of 75 mg contains 75 mg Clindamycin (as hydrochloride). PACKAGE LEAFLET CLINDAMYCIN capsules Clidamycin COMPOSITION One capsule of 75 mg contains 75 mg Clindamycin (as hydrochloride). One capsule of 150 mg contains 150 mg Clindamycin (as hydrochloride). PROPERTIES

More information

Microbiology Specimen Collection Instructions. Alphabetical List of Microbiology Tests

Microbiology Specimen Collection Instructions. Alphabetical List of Microbiology Tests Page 1 of 8 Alphabetical List of Tests Test/Specimen Type Collection Table Referred out Abscess aspirate, wound Acanthamoebae Parasitology Acinetobactor screening Adenovirus Serology AFB Stain only Amoebiasis

More information

Mini-Medical School on Infectious Diseases. Session #1 - Basic Science

Mini-Medical School on Infectious Diseases. Session #1 - Basic Science Mini-Medical School on Infectious Diseases Session #1 - Basic Science The Microbial World Michael V. Norgard, Ph.D., Chairman Department of Microbiology U.T. Southwestern Medical Center The Microbial World

More information

Lecture Outline. Quinolones

Lecture Outline. Quinolones Lecture Outline Quinolones Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole Miscellaneous antimicrobials - Metronidazole Daptomycin Cases Quinolones Bactericidal broad spectrum antibiotics Increasingly used because of their

More information

Normal flora, which make up about 90% of the cells of a human body, are microbes that

Normal flora, which make up about 90% of the cells of a human body, are microbes that Indigenous Unknowns Lab Report Introduction: Normal flora, which make up about 90% of the cells of a human body, are microbes that live and grow on the body without causing disease under normal conditions.

More information

Lecture Outline. Protein Synthesis Inhibitors. Overview of Translation (2) Overview of Translation (1) Overview of Translation (3)

Lecture Outline. Protein Synthesis Inhibitors. Overview of Translation (2) Overview of Translation (1) Overview of Translation (3) Protein Synthesis Inhibitors Macrolides - Lincosamides Aminoglycosides Tetracyclines Chloramphenicol Streptogramins Oxazolidinones Lecture Outline Description of protein synthesis Antibiotics Structure

More information

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors Protein Synthesis Inhibitors Macrolides - Lincosamides Aminoglycosides Tetracyclines Chloramphenicol Streptogramins Oxazolidinones Lecture Outline Description of protein synthesis Antibiotics Structure

More information

Infectious Disease Antibodies and Antigens. ...Viro Stat. Supplying Researchers and Manufacturers Since 1985. www.virostat-inc.com

Infectious Disease Antibodies and Antigens. ...Viro Stat. Supplying Researchers and Manufacturers Since 1985. www.virostat-inc.com Infectious Disease Antibodies and Antigens...Viro Stat Supplying Researchers and Manufacturers Since 1985 Infectious Disease Antibodies and Antigens...Viro Stat Supplying Researchers and Manufacturers

More information

Transmission of genetic variation: conjugation. Transmission of genetic variation: conjugation

Transmission of genetic variation: conjugation. Transmission of genetic variation: conjugation Transmission of genetic variation: conjugation Transmission of genetic variation: conjugation Bacterial Conjugation is genetic recombination in which there is a transfer of DNA from a living donor bacterium

More information

Bacterial Sepsis. I. The Concept of Sepsis

Bacterial Sepsis. I. The Concept of Sepsis I. The Concept of Sepsis Bacterial Sepsis A. Introduction. Sepsis is one of those topics that pathologists have a hard time talking about. We generally like to see specific, visible, palpable lesions in

More information

Gram-Negative Bacteria and others

Gram-Negative Bacteria and others Slide 1 Gram-Negative Bacteria and others Robert P. Rapp, Pharm. D. College of Pharmacy Slide 2 Gram-negative Bacteria - Respiratory Related Hemophilus influenzae Usually Community Acquired Gram-Negative

More information

Cystic Fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis affects various systems in children and young adults, including the following:

Cystic Fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis affects various systems in children and young adults, including the following: Cystic Fibrosis What is cystic fibrosis? Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disease characterized by an abnormality in the glands that produce sweat and mucus. It is chronic, progressive, and is usually

More information

Etiology and treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis the Croatian experience

Etiology and treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis the Croatian experience Etiology and treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis the Croatian experience Višnja Škerk University Hospital for Infectious Diseases "Dr. Fran Mihaljevic" Zagreb Croatia Milano, Malpensa, 14 Nov 2008

More information

Blue Team Teaching Module: Periorbital/Orbital Infections

Blue Team Teaching Module: Periorbital/Orbital Infections Blue Team Teaching Module: Periorbital/Orbital Infections Format: 1. Case 2. Topic Summary 3. Questions 4. References Case: A 3-year-old boy presents with 2 days of increasing redness, swelling, and pain

More information

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors Frank Lowy Protein Synthesis Inhibitors This lecture discusses a diverse group of antibiotics that are grouped together because they all have a common mechanism of action they are protein synthesis inhibitors.

More information

Course Outline and Syllabus for Students

Course Outline and Syllabus for Students Course Outline and Syllabus for Students Name: Ian Crandall Course Number: PHM242H1 Course Title: Microbiology of Infectious Diseases Course Description: The course provides a brief introduction to the

More information

Preface. 4) Create a conceptual, organized approach to the organisms studied so the student relies less on memory and more on logical pathophysiology.

Preface. 4) Create a conceptual, organized approach to the organisms studied so the student relies less on memory and more on logical pathophysiology. Preface A well-developed knowledge of clinical microbiology is critical for the practicing physician in any medical field. Bacteria, viruses, and protozoans have no respect for the distinction between

More information

Recurrent or Persistent Pneumonia

Recurrent or Persistent Pneumonia Recurrent or Persistent Pneumonia Lower Respiratory Tract Dr T Avenant Recurrent or Persistent Pneumonia Definitions Recurrent pneumonia more than two episodes of pneumonia in 18 months Persistent pneumonia

More information

Secondary bacterial infections complicating skin lesions

Secondary bacterial infections complicating skin lesions J. Med. Microbiol. Vol. 51 (2002), 808 812 # 2002 Society for General Microbiology ISSN 0022-2615 REVIEW ARTICLE Secondary bacterial infections complicating skin lesions ITZHAK BROOK Department of Pediatrics,

More information

Direct Testing Systems and Serology

Direct Testing Systems and Serology Direct Testing Systems and Serology Rapid Manual Tests 6-2 Serology Diagnostics 6-6 BD Diagnostics Diagnostic Systems Catalog 2005/2006 6-1 Rapid Manual Tests Meningitis Test Systems 252360 Directigen

More information

Session 1 Fundamentals of Microbiology

Session 1 Fundamentals of Microbiology Session 1 Fundamentals of Microbiology Session overview Classification Microbial nomenclature Microbial growth Microbial death Spore formation Classification The Five Kingdom system is used to classify

More information

Lectures and Examinations Schedule

Lectures and Examinations Schedule Howard University College of Pharmacy Pharmacy Biomedical Preview Program: Summer 2012 Coordinator: Emmanuel O. Akala, R.Ph., Ph.D. Lead Tutor: Lectures and s Schedule Week 1: Microbiology 7/9/12 9:00am

More information

Recognizing and Treating Fevers in Children with Complex Medical Issues by Susan Agrawal

Recognizing and Treating Fevers in Children with Complex Medical Issues by Susan Agrawal www.complexchild.com Recognizing and Treating Fevers in Children with Complex Medical Issues by Susan Agrawal Fevers can be some of the scariest symptoms we see in our children, but they are also some

More information

TABLE OF CONTENTS. About / Instructions. Test Catalog. Collection Procedures. Supplies / References. Directory...2 About Diatherix...

TABLE OF CONTENTS. About / Instructions. Test Catalog. Collection Procedures. Supplies / References. Directory...2 About Diatherix... TABLE OF CONTENTS About / Instructions Directory...2 About Diatherix...3 Specimen Preparation Instructions...4 Packaging and Shipping Instructions...5 Test Catalog Diatherix Panel List...6 Diatherix Panel

More information

Oxygen relation Definition Examples Picture Facultative Anaerobe

Oxygen relation Definition Examples Picture Facultative Anaerobe Oxygen relation Definition Examples Picture Facultative Anaerobe Does not require oxygen. Can grow with or without it. Able to detoxify toxic by products of oxygen. E. Coli Microaerophile Growth throughout

More information

Urinalysis and Body Fluids CRg. Synovial Fluid. Synovial Fluid. Unit 4. Composition and formation. Functions. Reasons for analysis.

Urinalysis and Body Fluids CRg. Synovial Fluid. Synovial Fluid. Unit 4. Composition and formation. Functions. Reasons for analysis. Urinalysis and Body Fluids CRg Unit 4 Synovial Fluid Synovial Fluid Composition and formation Secreted by cells of synovial membrane Very viscous, clear ultrafiltrate of plasma Contains Hyaluronic acid

More information

MIBIE Summer School 2014. Molecular diagnostics of UTI & STI by using PCR, DHPLC and NGS

MIBIE Summer School 2014. Molecular diagnostics of UTI & STI by using PCR, DHPLC and NGS MIBIE Summer School 2014 Molecular diagnostics of UTI & STI by using PCR, DHPLC and NGS Eugen Domann Institute for Medical Microbiology Justus-Liebig University Gießen Human microbiome 14 Superorganism

More information

APPLICATION SUMMER MEDICAL IMMUNOLOGY COURSE SUMMER MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY COURSE RUSH MEDICAL COLLEGE. NAME: (Last) (First) (Middle Initial)

APPLICATION SUMMER MEDICAL IMMUNOLOGY COURSE SUMMER MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY COURSE RUSH MEDICAL COLLEGE. NAME: (Last) (First) (Middle Initial) APPLICATION SUMMER MEDICAL IMMUNOLOGY COURSE SUMMER MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY COURSE RUSH MEDICAL COLLEGE NAME: (Last) (First) (Middle Initial) E-Mail: Gender: / /Male / /Female Date of Birth: / / - / / -/

More information

CEFA-DROPS AND CEFA-TABS

CEFA-DROPS AND CEFA-TABS Page 1 of 5 FORT DODGE ANIMAL HEALTH Division of Wyeth 800-5TH STREET N.W., P.O. BOX 518 FORT DODGE IA 50501 USA Telephone: 515-955-4600 Fax: 515-955-3730 Order Desk Telephone: 800-685-5656 Order Desk

More information

BacT/Alert: an Automated Colorimetric Microbial Detection System

BacT/Alert: an Automated Colorimetric Microbial Detection System JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, JUlY 199, P. 168-1612 Vol. 28, No. 7 95-1137/9/7168-5$2./ Copyright 199, American Society for Microbiology BacT/Alert: an Automated Colorimetric Microbial Detection System

More information

Bacteria: The good, the bad, and the ugly. SEPA BioScience Montana Module 2

Bacteria: The good, the bad, and the ugly. SEPA BioScience Montana Module 2 Bacteria: The good, the bad, and the ugly. SEPA BioScience Montana Module 2 Introduction: The following reading will give you a basic introduction to bacteria and their role in illness. It will explore

More information

IDENTIFICATION OF OTHER UNKNOWN BACTERIAL SPECIES: OU

IDENTIFICATION OF OTHER UNKNOWN BACTERIAL SPECIES: OU IDENTIFICATION OF OTHER UNKNOWN BACTERIAL SPECIES: OU I. OBJECTIVES To demonstrate the capacity to utilize previous laboratory experiences to accurately interpret tests conducted to identify a certain

More information

Making Sense of Your Environmental Monitoring Data. Presented by Dawn McIver MicroWorks, Inc.

Making Sense of Your Environmental Monitoring Data. Presented by Dawn McIver MicroWorks, Inc. Making Sense of Your Environmental Monitoring Data Presented by Dawn McIver MicroWorks, Inc. Objectives Environmental Monitoring Basics Importance of Tracking and Trending EM Data Techniques for Tracking

More information

Medical Laboratory Technician

Medical Laboratory Technician Medical Laboratory Technician Dr. Karen Escolas, Chair Medical Laboratory Technology Dept. karen.escolas@farmingdale.edu 631-420-2257 School of Health Sciences Associate in Science Degree The Medical Laboratory

More information

About Our Products. Blood Products. Purified Infectious/Inactivated Agents. Native & Recombinant Viral Proteins. DNA Controls and Primers for PCR

About Our Products. Blood Products. Purified Infectious/Inactivated Agents. Native & Recombinant Viral Proteins. DNA Controls and Primers for PCR About Our Products Purified Infectious/Inactivated Agents ABI produces a variety of specialized reagents, allowing researchers to choose the best preparations for their studies. Available reagents include

More information

Prokaryotes Reading Bacteria Characteristics of Bacteria plasma membrane cell wall. flagella DNA ribosomes pili (singular = pilus)

Prokaryotes Reading Bacteria Characteristics of Bacteria plasma membrane cell wall. flagella DNA ribosomes pili (singular = pilus) Prokaryotes Reading Did you ever wonder what happens to all the leaves that fall from the trees every autumn? In a few years if they just piled up, the leaves in the woods would be knee-deep, and eventually

More information

BACTERIA COUNTS IN RAW MILK

BACTERIA COUNTS IN RAW MILK BACTERIA COUNTS IN RAW MILK Richard L. Wallace TAKE HOME MESSAGES Bacterial contamination of raw milk can generally occur from three main sources; within the udder, outside the udder, and from the surface

More information

Sampling of the surface contamination using sterile cotton swabs from toys obtained from

Sampling of the surface contamination using sterile cotton swabs from toys obtained from RESULTS Sampling of the surface contamination using sterile cotton swabs from toys obtained from the Nursery at Queen Mary, University of London showed diverse microorganism growth. A variety of species

More information

General Trends in Infectious Disease

General Trends in Infectious Disease General Trends in Infectious Disease Four phenomena underline the increase in ID problems: Aging population Increasing numbers of immunocompromised patients Increased mobility of the population Newly emerging

More information

Practice Guidelines for the Management of Bacterial Meningitis

Practice Guidelines for the Management of Bacterial Meningitis IDSA GUIDELINES Practice Guidelines for the Management of Bacterial Meningitis Allan R. Tunkel, 1 Barry J. Hartman, 2 Sheldon L. Kaplan, 3 Bruce A. Kaufman, 4 Karen L. Roos, 5 W. Michael Scheld, 6 and

More information

ICD 9 Codes Version 28

ICD 9 Codes Version 28 0010 Cholera due to vibrio cholerae 0011 Cholera due to vibrio cholerae el tor 0019 Cholera, unspecified 0020 Typhoid fever 0021 Paratyphoid fever A 0022 Paratyphoid fever B 0023 Paratyphoid fever C 0029

More information

URINE CULTURES GENERAL PROCEDURE

URINE CULTURES GENERAL PROCEDURE University of Nebraska Medical Center Division of Laboratory Science Clinical Laboratory Science Program CLS 418/CLS 419 URINE CULTURES GENERAL PROCEDURE I. Principle Urine cultures are performed to detect

More information

Chemical Name: (±)-9-Fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazine-6- carboxylic acid.

Chemical Name: (±)-9-Fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazine-6- carboxylic acid. OCUFLOX (ofloxacin ophthalmic solution) 0.3% sterile DESCRIPTION OCUFLOX (ofloxacin ophthalmic solution) 0.3% is a sterile ophthalmic solution. It is a fluorinated carboxyquinolone anti-infective for topical

More information

Aims and content of the Electronic Medical Records in Primary Care: A different approach

Aims and content of the Electronic Medical Records in Primary Care: A different approach Aims and content of the Electronic Medical Records in Primary Care: A different approach Dr Dimitris Kounalakis, General Practitioner, Research Associate, Medical School, University of Crete Electronic

More information

BD Modified CNA Agar BD Modified CNA Agar with Crystal Violet

BD Modified CNA Agar BD Modified CNA Agar with Crystal Violet INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE READY-TO-USE PLATED MEDIA PA-255082.02 Rev.: June 2003 BD Modified CNA Agar BD Modified CNA Agar with Crystal Violet INTENDED USE BD Modified CNA Agar is a selective medium for the

More information

Adapted from Biology 15 Laboratory Supplemental Manual: Wrightsman, Ininns and Cannon- Moloznic.

Adapted from Biology 15 Laboratory Supplemental Manual: Wrightsman, Ininns and Cannon- Moloznic. Biology 3B Laboratory Cultural Characteristics of Bacteria Objectives: Describe bacterial structure: colony morphology, cell shape, growth patterns. To distinguish how various growth media will affect

More information

AIR FORCE REPORTABLE EVENTS GUIDELINES & CASE DEFINITIONS

AIR FORCE REPORTABLE EVENTS GUIDELINES & CASE DEFINITIONS AIR FORCE REPORTABLE EVENTS GUIDELINES & CASE DEFINITIONS An Air Force addendum to the TRI-SERVICE REPORTABLE EVENTS GUIDELINES & CASE DEFINITIONS Prepared by: Air Force Institute for Operational Health

More information

Septic arthritis, an acute, rapidly progressive,

Septic arthritis, an acute, rapidly progressive, Focus on CME at the University of Manitoba Taking Control of Septic Joints: A Guide to Joint Infections Thomas Jacob, MD; John M. Embil, MD, FRCPC; David Hedden, MB, FRCSC, and; Gerhard W. Bock, MD, FRCPC

More information

Use of the BacT/Alert Blood Culture System for Culture of Sterile Body Fluids Other than Blood

Use of the BacT/Alert Blood Culture System for Culture of Sterile Body Fluids Other than Blood JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Nov. 1998, p. 3273 3277 Vol. 36, No. 11 0095-1137/98/$04.00 0 Copyright 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Use of the BacT/Alert Blood Culture

More information

Multiple Choice Questions

Multiple Choice Questions C hapter 13 WHY DO WE FALL ILL Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which one of the following is not a viral disease? (a) Dengue (b) AIDS (c) Typhoid (d) Influenza 2. Which one of the following is not a bacterial

More information

Antibiotic resistance does it matter in paediatric clinical practice? Jette Bangsborg Department of Clinical Microbiology Herlev Hospital

Antibiotic resistance does it matter in paediatric clinical practice? Jette Bangsborg Department of Clinical Microbiology Herlev Hospital Antibiotic resistance does it matter in paediatric clinical practice? Jette Bangsborg Department of Clinical Microbiology Herlev Hospital Background The Department of Clinical Microbiology at Herlev Hospital

More information

WARNING LETTER. According to its approved product labeling (PI) (in pertinent part, emphasis original):

WARNING LETTER. According to its approved product labeling (PI) (in pertinent part, emphasis original): DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002 TRANSMITTED BY FACSIMILE Sapan A. Shah, Ph.D. President and Chief Executive Officer

More information

Defining Normal Cerebrospinal Fluid White Blood Cell Counts in Neonates and Young Infants: A Scholarly Pursuit

Defining Normal Cerebrospinal Fluid White Blood Cell Counts in Neonates and Young Infants: A Scholarly Pursuit Defining Normal Cerebrospinal Fluid White Blood Cell Counts in Neonates and Young Infants: A Scholarly Pursuit Lori A. Kestenbaum, Jessica L. Ebberson, Joseph J. Zorc, Caitlin LaRussa, Richard L. Hodinka

More information

LCD for Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

LCD for Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) LCD for Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) Applicable CPT Code(s): 85651 Sedimentation Rate, Erythrocyte; Non-Automated 85652 Sedimentation Rate, Erythrocyte; Automated ICD-9 Codes that Support Medical

More information

FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCE

FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCE Doctor of Philosophy Program in Microbiology FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCE Naresuan University 171 Doctor of Philosophy Program in Microbiology The time is critical now for graduate education and research

More information

Lab Exercise 2 Media and Culture

Lab Exercise 2 Media and Culture Lab Exercise 2 Media and Culture Lab Exercise #2 Bacterial Media & Culture I. OBJECTIVES: Practice microbial collection techniques Describe colony morphology and the relationship to microbial identification.

More information

LAB 4. Cultivation of Bacteria INTRODUCTION

LAB 4. Cultivation of Bacteria INTRODUCTION LAB 4. Cultivation of Bacteria Protocols for use of cultivation of bacteria, use of general growth, enriched, selective and differential media, plate pouring, determination of temperature range for growth

More information

LAB 1 - Direct agglutination. Serology-the study of the in vitro reactions between antibody and antigen

LAB 1 - Direct agglutination. Serology-the study of the in vitro reactions between antibody and antigen LAB 1 - Direct agglutination Serology-the study of the in vitro reactions between antibody and antigen Serological reaction: - quantitative (weight/volume) - qualitative Agglutination - the aggregation

More information

THERAPY OF ANAEROBIC INFECTIONS LUNG ABSCESS BRAIN ABSCESS

THERAPY OF ANAEROBIC INFECTIONS LUNG ABSCESS BRAIN ABSCESS THERAPY OF ANAEROBIC INFECTIONS Douglas Black, Pharm.D. Associate Professor School of Pharmacy University of Washington dblack@u.washington.edu LUNG ABSCESS A lung abscess is a localized pus cavity in

More information

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Principles of Disease and Epidemiology Pathology, Infection, and Disease Disease: An abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally Pathology: The study of disease Etiology: The study of

More information

State of Kuwait Ministry of Health Infection Control Directorate. Guidelines for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection (SSI)

State of Kuwait Ministry of Health Infection Control Directorate. Guidelines for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection (SSI) State of Kuwait Ministry of Health Infection Control Directorate Guidelines for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection (SSI) September 1999 Updated 2007 Surgical Wound: According to 1998 Kuwait National

More information

FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION

FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION HIGHLIGHTS F PRESCRIBING INFRMATIN These highlights do not include all the information needed to use AzaSite safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for AzaSite. AzaSite (azithromycin

More information

ANTIBIOTICS FROM HEAD TO TOE: PART 5 - URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS LAUREN HYNICKA, PHARM.D.

ANTIBIOTICS FROM HEAD TO TOE: PART 5 - URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS LAUREN HYNICKA, PHARM.D. ANTIBIOTICS FROM HEAD TO TOE: PART 5 - URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS LAUREN HYNICKA, PHARM.D. ANTIBIOTICS FROM HEAD TO TOE: PART 5 - URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION Antibiotic use in the safest

More information

Annex to the Accreditation Certificate D-PL-14139-01-00 according to DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005

Annex to the Accreditation Certificate D-PL-14139-01-00 according to DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 Deutsche Akkreditierungsstelle GmbH Annex to the Accreditation Certificate D-PL-14139-01-00 according to DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 Period of validity: 26.10.2015 to 25.10.2020 Date of issue: 26.10.2015

More information

Microorganisms in water

Microorganisms in water Leonardo da Vinci Project Sustainability in commercial laundering processes Module 6 Special aspects Chapter 2 Microorganisms in water Module 6 Special aspects Chapter 2 Microorganisms in water 1 Content

More information

Intra-abdominal abdominal Infections

Intra-abdominal abdominal Infections Intra-abdominal abdominal Infections Marnie Peterson, Pharm.D., BCPS Dept. of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Medical School University of Minnesota Intra-abdominal abdominal Infections Intra-abdominal abdominal

More information

BLOOD CULTURE. Its Role in the Management of the Septic Patient

BLOOD CULTURE. Its Role in the Management of the Septic Patient BLOOD CULTURE Its Role in the Management of the Septic Patient Types of Blood Stream Infections Transient: Usually follows mechanical or surgical manipulation of infected tissue, dental procedures, cystoscopy

More information

PNEUMONIA Debra Mercer BSN, RN, RRT

PNEUMONIA Debra Mercer BSN, RN, RRT PNEUMONIA Debra Mercer BSN, RN, RRT 1 Objectives Following this presentation the participant will demonstrate understanding of pneumonia by successful completion of the Pneumonia I.Q. Quiz (7 or more correct

More information

Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy. Chapter 7

Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy. Chapter 7 Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy Chapter 7 An unborn baby makes no IgG (antibody) and only slowly starts producing it after birth. However, starting at about the sixth month of pregnancy, the

More information

PROPOSED DOCUMENT. Global Harmonization Task Force. Title: Principles of In Vitro Diagnostic (IVD) Medical Devices Classification

PROPOSED DOCUMENT. Global Harmonization Task Force. Title: Principles of In Vitro Diagnostic (IVD) Medical Devices Classification SG1(PD)/N045R12 PROPOSED DOCUMENT Global Harmonization Task Force Title: Principles of In Vitro Diagnostic (IVD) Medical Devices Classification Authoring Group: Study Group 1 of the Global Harmonization

More information

INTRODUCTION TO BACTERIA

INTRODUCTION TO BACTERIA Morphology and Classification INTRODUCTION TO BACTERIA Most bacteria (singular, bacterium) are very small, on the order of a few micrometers µm (10-6 meters) in length. It would take about 1,000 bacteria,

More information

BD CLED Agar / MacConkey II Agar (Biplate)

BD CLED Agar / MacConkey II Agar (Biplate) PA-257562.01-1 - INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE READY-TO-USE PLATED MEDIA PA-257562.01 Rev.: Jan. 2016 BD CLED Agar / MacConkey II Agar (Biplate) INTENDED USE BD CLED Agar / MacConkey II Agar (Biplate) is used for

More information

3.0 Treatment of Infection

3.0 Treatment of Infection 3.0 Treatment of Infection Antibiotics and Medicine National Curriculum Link SCN 3-13b SCN 3-20b HWB 3-15a HWB 3-16a HWB 3-17a Learning Outcomes All students will know: Most common infections will get

More information

Liofilchem product catalogue 2012

Liofilchem product catalogue 2012 Ready culture media in 55 mm contact plates Description Packaging Ref. BAIRD PARKER AGAR + NEUTRALIZING Selective medium for Staphylococcus aureus isolation with inactivation of disinfectants. CETRIMIDE

More information

Pentavalent Vaccine. Guide for Health Workers. with Answers to Frequently Asked Questions

Pentavalent Vaccine. Guide for Health Workers. with Answers to Frequently Asked Questions Pentavalent Vaccine Guide for Health Workers with Answers to Frequently Asked Questions Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India 2012 Immunization is one of the most well-known and effective

More information

THIS IS AN OFFICIAL NH DHHS HEALTH ALERT

THIS IS AN OFFICIAL NH DHHS HEALTH ALERT THIS IS AN OFFICIAL NH DHHS HEALTH ALERT Distributed by the NH Health Alert Network Health.Alert@nh.gov August 13, 2015 1400 EDT (2:00 PM EDT) NH-HAN 20150813 Updated Centers for Disease Control (CDC)

More information

Bacterial evasion of host immunity

Bacterial evasion of host immunity Bacterial evasion of host immunity Gunnar Lindahl Lund University, Sweden and Copenhagen University, Denmark A pathogen must evade attack by the immune system of the host innate immunity adaptive immunity

More information

Buffered PFIZERPEN (penicillin G potassium) for Injection

Buffered PFIZERPEN (penicillin G potassium) for Injection Buffered PFIZERPEN (penicillin G potassium) for Injection To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Pfizerpen and other antibacterial drugs, Pfizerpen should

More information

Microbial Nutrition And bacterial Classification Microbiology Unit-I. Muhammad Iqbal Lecturer KMU

Microbial Nutrition And bacterial Classification Microbiology Unit-I. Muhammad Iqbal Lecturer KMU Microbial Nutrition And bacterial Classification Microbiology Unit-I Muhammad Iqbal Lecturer KMU Objectives At the end of this lecture the students will be able to: Define key terms. Identify the basic

More information

Aerobic Blood Culture Medium

Aerobic Blood Culture Medium JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Sept. 1981, p. 247-251 0095-1137/81/090247-05$02.00/0 Vol. 14, No. 3 Evaluation of Sucrose and Magnesium Sulfate as Additives in Aerobic Blood Culture Medium JAN ENG The

More information

Biological Sciences Initiative

Biological Sciences Initiative Biological Sciences Initiative HHMI Student Activities Measuring Antibiotic Resistance Introduction: You might be aware that antibiotics were once thought of as a magic bullet; a nearly perfect drug for

More information

TOXIC ELEMENTS RESEARCH FOUNDATION DISCOVERS HIDDEN DANGERS WITHIN DENTAL IMPLANTS

TOXIC ELEMENTS RESEARCH FOUNDATION DISCOVERS HIDDEN DANGERS WITHIN DENTAL IMPLANTS For Immediate Release TOXIC ELEMENTS RESEARCH FOUNDATION DISCOVERS HIDDEN DANGERS WITHIN DENTAL IMPLANTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY No one wants to lose a tooth, but if it comes to that, can patient s teeth be

More information

COMPOSITION: Each capsule contains clindamycin hydrochloride equivalent to 150 mg clindamycin base.

COMPOSITION: Each capsule contains clindamycin hydrochloride equivalent to 150 mg clindamycin base. APPROVED PACKAGE INSERT DALACIN C 150 mg CAPSULES SCHEDULING STATUS: S4 PROPRIETARY NAME (and dosage form): DALACIN C TM 150 mg (Capsules) COMPOSITION: Each capsule contains clindamycin hydrochloride equivalent

More information

bactericidal Gram+ streptococci, enterococci, meningococci, treponema pallidum (syphilis), most anaerobes poor activity against Gram- rods

bactericidal Gram+ streptococci, enterococci, meningococci, treponema pallidum (syphilis), most anaerobes poor activity against Gram- rods Penicillin binds penicillin binding beta-lactamase proteins (transpeptidases, cleaves beta-lactam carboxypeptidases); ring and inactivates enzymes involved in cell drug wall (peptidoglycan) (chromosomal

More information

Specimen collection and transport for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae testing

Specimen collection and transport for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae testing Specimen collection and transport for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae testing Overview Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections are two of the most common sexually

More information