PRACTICE FOR ELECTRONIC ATLAS PROJECTS IN CHINA

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1 PRACTICE FOR ELECTRONIC ATLAS PROJECTS IN CHINA REN, Fu DU, Qingyun LI, Lin CAI, Zhongliang School of Resource and Environmental Science Wuhan University, , Wuhan , P.R.China. Tel/Fax: and ABSTRACT Electronic atlas project (E-Atlas Project) play an important pole during the procedure of popularizing maps and diversifying its application widely in china. Practice for E-Atlas projects is a basic approach of achieving public accessibility to National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) and meets the inherent needs of people for updated maps. The paper provides a description and assessment of an integration of E-Atlas projects, analyzed current progress and characters of E-Atlas Project, summarizes basic rules during the practice, and provides solution and interpretation. It depicts a conceptual framework of an authoring toolkit that is driven by application of E-Atlas on the basis of successful instances. The toolkit improves interactive interface, decreases operational difficulties, is developed in visual c++ and used widely in china. 1. INTRODUCTION For the past five years electronic atlas project (E-Atlas Project) has gained the focus of general public and decision-makers in china. The diversity of users with a little knowledge of maps or more specific and more complex presentations can watch map in more detailed scale, retrieve point of interest exactly, execute user-friendly analytical GIS-function, and plan path by using all sorts of E-Atlas. E-Atlases focus on the integration of maps into daily life, are designed to be as accessible and intuitive as possible, provide in-depth and detailed data for a variety of disciplines in both the social sciences and the sciences, encourage user s critical thinking and analytical or problem solving skills, and become strong feature of National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) as well as bring to it a new dimension. E-Atlas project helps to broaden the collaboration within and between various governmental agencies, universities and publishing house by providing a nexus for these entities to work together. E-Atlas project also developed a workflow that other organization can use as a model in developing own E-Atlas products and services. 2. BASIC RULES FOR E-ATLAS PROJECT Practice for electronic atlas project comprises basic rules. The rules are as follows: 2.1 Integration 1

2 Table 1. Integration of Multi-Source and Multi-Dimension for E-Atlas Data type Multi-Source Multi-Dimension One-dimension, Two-dimension, Surveying, GPS, digital map, aerial Spatial data Two and one-half dimension, photograph, and satellite image. Three-dimension, temporal dimension. Trade or professional field Attribute data Two-dimension table relational database. Text, graph, image, audio, video, Static or dynamic interaction, Temporal data cartoon, and web. dimension Integration consists of four aspects: knowledge, data, products and technologies. Knowledge means integration of maps as scientific products and a particular discipline or field of knowledge. Data offer a high degree of integration by striving to unite data format from different sources and use approach of multi-scale and multi-dimension visualization (see Table 1). Products focus on integration of diverse media that allow spatial, multimedia and attribute data to be released in heterogeneous formats as well as for user to select and browser electronic atlas content from various sources (see Table 2). Integration of technology lead to challenges for electronic atlas information provider in managing and presenting information in comprehensive and integrated technical method and focus on optimizing addressing of technology in term of content and service adaptability and functionality of personal information terminals so as to improve efficiency, share resources and create new ideas. Table 2. Comparison of Production Pattern for E-Atlas Product pattern Data content Express way Full elements map Multi-scale, vector and raster, multi-dimension Optical Disk Real time interaction CDROM/DVD Single/Multiple condition searching, POI cover all Desktop database for POI fields. Basic elements map Multi-scale, vector and raster, two-dimension Web Stream media, simple interaction Internet Complex condition, report forms, analysis, POI Enterprise database for POI cover tourist, governmental agencies, business center Navigation/Embedded Device Mobile Terminals VR/Holographic Roads network map Multi-scale, vector and raster Simple voice guidance POI Clear landmark, single condition searching Simple linear map fixed scale, vector or raster, two-dimension POI Single condition searching Street block, terrain Multi-scale raster image, enhanced three-dimension Optics Device Fluency, fidelity, and immersed interaction 2.2 Optimizing Information Strategy Optimizing information strategies has led us to assumption that analyzing and generalizing clarity of thinking among information in disarray has an invisible but more powerful elaborative faculty when compared to simple information management. The strategies offer few means to manage content: a hypermedia model, five thinking strategies and a 2

3 strict formalization method. Hypermedia is a computer-based information retrieval system that enables a user to gain or provide access to texts, audio and video recordings, photographs, and computer graphics related to a particular subject. Its nature is a database consisting of nodes and reversible links. E-Atlas contains basic geographic elements and wide thematic contents. Regardless of which thematic users pay great interest, hypermedia is a right model for creating non-linear information flow networks and improving degree of accessibility, reusing and satisfaction and provides important benefits for content management. Based on it the authors provide an information flow model to construct E-Atlas content into ordered state (see Figure 1). Start video Tree root Cover Tree trunk End video more group1 group2 group3 more Main map Tree branch more Tree leaves Map1 Map2 Map3 more more Sub-map1 Sub-map2 Sub-map3 more Figure 1. Inverse information tree model Just like an inverse information tree, the model allows information flow freely from root to leaves or branches in different levels of detail, from leaves to leaves or branches to branches in relative theme. It suits reader s cognition psychology and is a crossed information network, which maybe causes disorientation and cognitive overhead and can provide easy-to-use navigation bar, path and overview diagrams to minimize them. Nevertheless content management and personalization in a web-like structure for E-Atlas can be managed by five strategies as follows: Reference book: It best suits encyclopedia atlas. Time line: Its key is to link event and time. Geography: It integrates time and event through spatial position System: It provides an index framework to explain functionality. Organization: It s used to describe people, company and organizations with high-low administrative levels. Above list clarify the processing of multimedia content by five strategies that outlined and simplified hyperlinks into interlinked groups. A strict formalization method named storyboard is a graphic, sequential depiction of a entire narrative (see Figure 2). In the process of planning a film the narrative is often depicted scene by scene with requisite materials and technicians that will be needed for the shoot. The same application is used in E-Atlas s processes. By using storyboard a structured and speedier detailed content transfer in different developers of E-Atlas application on the base of story s has been made possible. It allows users to browse original thinking, express high-level positive feedback and comment or mark on story s. Hence those developers being from the top to the bottom of the hierarchy or belonging to a majority or a minority within the E-Atlas project might have a greater chance to understand, modify and optimize story s in a guided but not prescript way. 3

4 Screen Layout Text Menu Maps Next Content Text: Image: Advice: Source: Project Name Person Design Date Updating Story Page product Figure 2. Storyboard Drawing 2.3 Point of Interest (POI) Due to having diverse educational backgrounds users have different interest and point of views. Point of interest (POI) named hotspot reduce (or even close) the gap among location, attribute and multimedia, and serves as foundation of E-Atlas queries, and build a bridge between user and developer. Its contents are classified according to region and use, and cover broad circles of society. Processes of POI are divided onto two steps depending on E-Atlas technological process. First step is gathering and evaluating relevant data. It s a procedure of active study and information filtering. Students were equipped digital camera which achieved a snapshot acquisition for spatial entities, hard maps which provided high precision location reference and can be replaced by GPS and PDA E-Maps, and notebook which were used for writing and formatting attribute records. They picked POI by analyzing, choosing, depicting and recording spatial entities along road networks. The method created opportunities for students to freely explore history and environment of cities or regions, and improved insight of education and training in cartography and was put into practice in city E-Atlas project of Shenzhen, Wuhan and Jiaxing in china. Second step is constructing a POI database that needs a structured encoding so as to cancel mistakes, share information and updating data in future. 2.4 Detail Quantification and Encoding Detail quantification and encoding consist of parameter quantification and key encoding. Parameter quantification is an operation to make multimedia, maps and attribute data settings more reasonable and be carried out with unification of software operation. In contrast to approaches using ambiguous description consistent parameters help to overcome challenges of strict quality and diverse visualization resulted by product media diversity during practical operation (see Table 3). The term of key encoding describes a series of operational items that stabilizes and optimizes the accessibility of relevant data ranged from file name to database fields. Table 3. Quantification Parameter of Diverse Data Data type Quantification index Map data Database Text Image Cartoon/video Audio Font, Size, Spacing, Line spacing, Format, etc. Pixel size, Color depth, Color model, Format, Compressed ratio, etc. Frame size, Color depth, Frame ratio, Compressed ratio, etc. Sampling frequency, Qualification bit, Compressed ratio, Track number, Stereo etc. Layers, Scale, Symbolic size, Color, etc. Table name, Fields name and type, etc. 4

5 2.5 Dynamic Task Evaluation Dynamic task evaluation supports exchangeability of appreciation and supervision to find a common level of shortage and improves compatible tasks in detail. According to rule of Task Function - Modular Project evaluation is performed with created factors, models and toolkits. There isn t national or domain standard for E-Atlas project. In general, Mean Opinion Score (MOS) is capable of achieving a better understandability of quality. Except for traditional evaluation factors of hard maps, E-Atlas project adopt newly created factors, for example, interaction, integration, real-time, practicability, function stability, run time etc. 2.6 Information Security and System Updating Information security and copyright of E-Atlas includes three aspects: contents, representation and physical memory. There are sophisticated technologies to solve these problems, for instances, water mark, data compression, data encryption and copy-prevention etc. System updating includes handling received feedback from users and version updating of data and software. Feedback drives E-Atlas project popularization. 3. AUTHORING TOOLKIT AND INSTANCES Authoring toolkit is software to help developer to build an interactive E-Atlas rapidly and facilely. It s just like a container with powerful and flexible operation to create the most advanced multimedia atlas based on digital map, multimedia data and relational database (see Figure 3). Map data data Authoring toolkit E-Atlases Database Figure 3. Meaning of authoring toolkit TeleAtlas is such a toolkit that developed in visual C++ by authors team and has been used widely. With the help of TeleAtlas, more than thirty CD maps (including Hong Kong and Taiwan) have been developed in china (see Figure 4). The team developed the requirements and the applications design document that guided developers on how to integrate various data into a logic E-Atlas. Developers make use of the toolkit define the look and feel of E-Atlas; the interaction the user will have with the atlas; the architecture of the hardware, software, and network environment and the specific software packages that are included in E-Atlas. Different media platform share same data resources and provide attractive and readable representations. Users can explore environment through screen display and ignore difference in hardware and software. 5

6 Figure 4. City E-Atlas Products 4. CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK E-Atlas project is a typical application of spatial information system. We presented and discussed basic rules for project design and management. In our case studies we implemented an authoring toolkit supporting application building by common services and unified data handling. Next steps include improving the toolkit more easy-to-use and integrating more geo-referenced data format and multimedia resources. Authoring toolkit s development and improvement decides the future of E-Atlas project. 5. REFERENCES [1] Ren, F., Du, Q. & Cai, Z., Method of multi-scale spatial data organization in mobile context, Proceedings 21 th International Conference of the ICA, Durban, South Africa, [2] Kraak, M J., The Cartographic Visualization Process: From Presentation to Exploration. The Cartographic Journal, 35(1): 11~15, [3] William Cartwright, New media and their application to the production of map products. Computers & Geosciences, Volume 23, Issue 4: , [4] Schneider, B., Integration of Analytical GIS Functions in Atlas Information Systems. Proceedings 19 th International Conference of the ICA, Ottawa,

7 PRACTICE FOR ELECTRONIC ATLAS PROJECTS IN CHINA REN, Fu DU, Qingyun LI, Lin CAI, Zhongliang School of Resource and Environmental Science Wuhan University, , Wuhan , P.R.China. Tel/Fax: and Short CV Ren, F. Sex: Male Date of birth: 22 December 1976 Education Studies at Department of Cartography, Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping (WTUSM, ); Studies at Department of Geographical Information Science, Wuhan University (WHU, ); Msc Degree in Cartography and Geographical Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Professional Career Assistant (1999- ), Department of Geographical Information Science, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University since 2002 Research Interests Geographic Information System, Computer aided Cartography, GIS software design, GIS system design, Electronic Atlas, Spatial Data Processing and Visualization 7

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