Senior Citizens in Europe: attitudes, lifestyles and everyday use of ICT in Finland and Italy
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1 Maailma Tutuksi ry Get to Know the World Assoc. Mare Balticum Mare Nostrum program Senior Citizens in Europe: attitudes, lifestyles and everyday use of ICT in and Giuseppe Lugano, Paul Lwoff In cooperation with: University of Molise () Adult Education Centre of the City of Helsinki ()
2 Acknowledgements The authors of the senior citizens survey 2008 would like to express their gratitude to Juhana Mykrä (Helsingin Työväenopisto) and to Daniela Grignoli and Antonio Mancini (University of Molise) for having collaborated to the study. Many thanks to Mari Pääaho, who has contributed to the process of data analysis. Acknowledgments to the Finnish Ministry of Education for providing the financial support. 2
3 Introduction Contemporary information societies are ageing societies In EU, as elsewhere, the ageing phenomenon requires changing policies, laws and ways of working and living together Empirical studies can supporting policy-making by sheding useful insight on the current situation, attitudes, needs, and lifestyles of senior citizens Although EU policies are the same, the role and condition of senior citizens differs much in European member States: therefore, it is important to take into account the international dimension of the problem 3
4 Data and methods Questionnaire distributed to Italian and Finnish schools in 2007 with the support of Università degli Studi del Molise () Helsingin työväenopisto () Structured questionnaire - 37 questions divided in three sections: 1. Attitudes towards life 2. Personal lifestyle 3. ICT use Measurement: 5-point Likert scale 1: ; 2: Rarely; 3: ; 4: ; 5: Sample Italian: 115 answers (100% valid) Finnish: 52 answers (100% valid) The results of this presentation include a selection of the answers to the most significant 13 questions 4
5 Demographics Gender Age Education level
6 Demographics - gender distribution No Answer 10% Male 36% No Answer 18% Male 39% Female 54% Female 4 Male Female No Answer Male Female No Answer In both countries, the majority of respondents was female In, almost a fifth of the respondents did not answer 6
7 Demographics - age distribution No Answer 9% % No Answer 11% % % No Answer No Answer In both countries the majority of respondents was in the 65+ age group about a tenth of the respondents did not answer 7
8 Demographics education level University 1 High school 35% No Answer 9% Primary school 34% Secondary school 9% University 42% No Answer 8% Primary school 1 High school 1 Secondary school 24% Primary school Secondary school High school University No Answer Primary school Secondary school High school University No Answer The number of respondents with university background was high in (42%) and low in (1) 34% of Italian respondents had only basic education (primary school) 8
9 Current situation 1. Optimism for the future 2. Economic condition 3. Satisfaction of public services 4. Satisfaction of private services 5. Attitude towards immigrants
10 Optimism about the future of one s own country I am optimist about the future of my own country 20% 1% 14% 18% 26% 0% 8% 19% 28% 60% Finnish respondents are much more optimist than Italians for the future of their country 10
11 Economic condition I feel that my salary/pension is not sufficient to cover my expenses 29% 1% 17% 10% 16% 0% % 18% 18% 35% Finnish respondents feel to have a more secure economic condition than Italians, even if only a minority is never worried with the problem 11
12 Satisfaction of public services I think that institutions are not doing enough for people of my age 2 7% 11% 5% 5% 16% 32% 32% 24% 39% Finnish respondents are more satisfied than Italian one on how public institutions take into account their needs. However, the high number of respondents not entirely satisfied suggests that in both countries there is still place for much improvement. 12
13 Satisfaction of private services I think that companies do not consider my needs when developing their new products / services 16% 5% 4% 1 8% 5% 21% 35% 27% 24% 39% In both countries, only a minority of respondents has high satisfaction for the way companies take into account their needs in product and service development Finnish and Italian situation is rather similar 13
14 Attitude towards immigrants I think that immigrants are one of the causes of cities getting less safe 12% 4% 2 1 5% 0% 11% 17% 2 21% 29% 42% Finnish respondents have a slightly more positive attitude towards immigrants than Italians. Such position might reflect the perceived level of security that exist in 14
15 Leisure time and social life 1. Level of sexual attraction with partner 2. Need of romantic relationships 3. Meetings with friends/acquaintances
16 Level of sexual attraction with partner I still feel sexually attracted by the person I live with % 11% 8% 11% 9% 1 16% 18% 26% 24% Finnish respondents feel more sexually attracted to their partners than Italians The question was probably considered too sentitive, becaue in both countries about a fifth of the respondents did not answer 16
17 Need of romantic relationships If widow/not married I feel the need of romantic relationships 25% 57% 34% 0% 1 2% 4% 9% 8% 11% 34% Almost 60% of Italian respondents do not feel the need of a romantic relationship The question was probably considered too sentitive, becaue in both countries a significant number of respondents did not answer. It is also possible that many people did not answer because the question did not include divorced status 17
18 Meetings with friends / acquaintances I regularly meet friends and acquaintances in bars or social places 22% 4% 11% 20% 32% 5% 0% 31% 21% 22% 29% Italian respondents are more social but also more lonely than Finns; indeed, one fifth of them always meet friends and acquaintances in bars of social spaces, but more than 10% never meet them in such places 18
19 ICT: attitude and use 1. ICT-related training 2. Importance of mobile communication 3. in family/friends communication 4. Internet use for health information 5. Use of e-banking services
20 ICT Training I take courses to update my skills and competences in ICT 6% 11% 0% 18% 16% 26% 14% 58% 24% 21% Updating competences in ICT through training courses is much more common in than in 20
21 Importance of mobile communication I think that a mobile phone is of no use at all for my activities 15% 8% 45% 21% 8% 24% 9% 14% 9% 1 31% Although more than half of respondents consider the mobile phone important, almost 30% of Finns and 24% of Italians think that mobiles have little or no use for their activities 21
22 Everyday use of I use to communicate with family and friends 6% 16% 65% 18% 0% 18% 11% 7% 24% 29% Two thirds of Italian respondents never use for social communication In is commonly used by the majority of respondents 22
23 Use of WWW to search information I use web-sites to search/ask advices about health issues 8% 1% 7% 7 11% 8% 36% 8% 26% 16% More than 70% of Italian respondents and more than a third of Finnish respondents have never used the WWW in searching health-related information and/or advices 23
24 Use of ebanking services I use the web-site of my bank to manage my expenses 2% 5% 84% 52% 0% 2 11% 11% ebanking services are not used by the 84% of Italian respondents More than half of Finnish respondents always use ebanking services 24
25 Conclusion: summary of the main findings The answers to the questionnaire suggest that Finnish senior citizens seem to enjoy a more pleasant and active ageing than Italians. Finnish seniors answers provide evidence to this general trend through higher levels of optimism, economic security and satisfaction for public and private services, and by the weaker fear of immigrants. Concerning patterns of social lives, a larger number of Italians reveal constant connectivity with friends and acquaintances, bu a large number also experience loneliness. It was somehow surprising that Finns showed a higher level of sexual attraction for their partners and a stronger need of romantic relationships. ICT can represent an effective tool for reducing isolation and disconnection from reality by providing chances for learning, social communication and for access to public and private services. In this respect, currently lags behind. 25
26 Conclusion: education matters The education level of the respondents which was much higher in the Finnish sample than in the Italian one, can partially explain the many differences in current condition, lifestyles and everyday uses of ICT. Adult education facilities are available in, but they are not as popular as in. In addition, the Finnish government invests more than the Italian in maintaining and updating education systems. More pleasant and active ageing would be possible also in if more resources were invested in education. 26
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