Mathematical Modeling of Oil Shale Pyrolysis. 28 th Oil Shale Symposium, Colorado, USA Karim Ghesmat, Sanjiv Save HATCH LTD.

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1 Mathematical Modeling of Oil Shale Pyrolysis 8 th Oil Shale Symposium, Colorado, USA Karim Ghesmat, Sanjiv Save HATCH LTD.

2 Who Are We? Hatch Overview overview Employee-owned Projects in more than 5 countries More than 0,400 professionals worldwide More than CAD$50 billion of projects now under management, including oil sands projects Full-service EPCM company Consulting process and technology In-house engineering services for operations support Hatch Procurement in China Serving mining & metals, energy and infrastructure for 50 years World class systems

3 About Hatch about us Employee owned >0,400 professionals worldwide More than US$50 billion of CAPEX projects under management EPCM, integrated teams, project and construction management Serving energy, mining & metals and infrastructure for more than 55 years

4 Global Operations Canada Calgary, Alberta Montreal, Quebec Niagara Falls, Ontario St. John s, Newfoundland Sorel-Tracy, Quebec Sudbury, Ontario 3950 Toronto, Ontario Hamilton, Ontario Vancouver, British Columbia Winnipeg, Manitoba USA Boston, Massachusetts Buffalo, New Yor New Yor, New Yor Millburn, New Jersey Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania San Francisco, California Seattle, Washington 550 South America Antofagasta, Chile Santiago, Chile Lima, Peru São Paulo, Brazil Belo Horizonte, Brazil São Luís, Brazil Europe London, England Moscow, Russia 50 South Africa Johannesburg 550 0,400 staff June 008 Abu Dhabi India New Delhi Australia Perth Sydney Townsville Whyalla Wollongong China Shanghai Beijing 50 Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Brisbane Gladstone Macay Melbourne Newcastle 900 (Yellow indicates regional hub)

5 Kerogen Composition Kerogen Kerogen is a mixture of organic chemical compounds that maes up a portion of organic matter in sedimentary rocs. It is insoluble in normal organic solvents because of its large molecular weight Kerogen is converted to different inds of hydrocarbon by pyrolysis. A range of different light and heavy hydrocarbons is produced during erogen decomposition Kerogen is initially converted to bitumen by heating, the bitumen is in turn decomposed to different inds of hydrocarbons.

6 Kerogen Composition Table Kerogen Composition at different locations Deposit C H O S Leningradsoye (Russia) Timahdit (Morocco) El-Lajjun (Jordan) Green-River (USA) Irati (Brazil) Render (Australia) Rotem (Israel) Nere (Sweden)

7 Complex Technology Chain RETORT Retort

8 Issues Technical feasibility Driven by choice of retorting process Commercial Viability Driven by overall process integration Integration becomes increasingly important in order to drive advantage out of Economics of Scale

9 Challenges Do we understand enough about retorting process to develop integration strategy? CO footprint Water consumption /bbl Power Consumption/bbl Can we model integrated operations to depict start-up shutdown and other nonsteady conditions?

10 Oil Shale Processing Oil Shale Extraction Oil shale extraction refers to the process in which erogen is converted into synthetic crude oil through the chemical process of pyrolysis. Oil Shale Processors PARAHO Alberta Taciu Processor (ATP) Petrosix UTT-3000 Ecoshale In-Capsule process

11 Oil Shale Pyrolysis Geometry Geometry H Rectangular Oil Shale particle is retorted in the reactor Reactor Figure Oil shale particle and reactor geometries

12 Oil Shale Pyrolysis Reactions Reactions: Kerogen Decomposition n HHC + nco + n3ch 4 + n4h O + n5co er ogen LHC + Bitumen Char Carbonate Decomposition ( Carbonates) MCO MCO 3 + CO Pyrite Decomposition Pyrite m CO + mco + m3so + m4sulphide + m5sulphite

13 Oil Shale Pyrolysis Governing Equations Mass Conservation Equations Kerogen c t r = c r Light HC clhc = cr + HHCcHHC + D t c LHC c Carbon Dioxide t CO = CO c B + c 5 caco 6 p CO 3 + c + D c

14 Oil Shale Pyrolysis Mathematical Modeling Equations are made dimensionless Equations are solved using integration, integrating factor and integral methods Mathematical Equations Predicting Oil Vapor is: ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ) ( ) ( 3 x x D e t e x D e t e x D e e c x D x HHC HHC x D x HHC HHC x D x LHC HHC HHC HHC HHC = τ τ τ τ τ τ

15 Oil Shale Pyrolysis Mathematical Modeling Results. = =3 =6 =0 =0. Kerogen Concentration Time Figure 3 Variation of erogen concentration with time for different inetic constants

16 Oil Shale Pyrolysis Mathematical Modeling Results t = 0. t = t =.6 Figure 4 Concentration contours of CO inside the particle

17 Oil Shale Pyrolysis Mathematical Modeling Results Oil Vapour Concentration inside Particle x=0 x=0. x=0. x=0.3 x=0.4 x=0.5 x=0.6 x=0.7 x=0.8 x=0.9 x= Time Figure 5 Oil vapour production rate versus time at different particle locations

18 Oil Shale Pyrolysis Mathematical Modeling Results. Oil Vapour Concentration Particle Size Figure 6 Effect of Particle Size on oil concentration inside particle

19 Oil Shale Pyrolysis Conclusions Diffusion of produced oil vapors and other components inside the particle was found to influence highly the rate of oil production. Particle size would also play a significant role in oil production such that the smaller size, the more and faster production of oil. Carbonates found to be an important source of carbon dioxide production in oil shale particles.

20 Than You

21 Global Operations Canada Calgary, Alberta Montreal, Quebec Niagara Falls, Ontario St. John s, Newfoundland Sorel-Tracy, Quebec Sudbury, Ontario 3650 Toronto, Ontario Hamilton, Ontario Vancouver, British Columbia Winnipeg, Manitoba USA Boston, Massachusetts Buffalo, New Yor New Yor, New Yor Millburn, New Jersey Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania San Francisco, California Seattle, Washington 50 South America Antofagasta, Chile Santiago, Chile Lima, Peru São Paulo, Brazil Belo Horizonte, Brazil São Luís, Brazil Europe London, England Moscow, Russia 50 South Africa Johannesburg staff June 008 Abu Dhabi India New Delhi Australia Perth Sydney Townsville Whyalla Wollongong China Shanghai Beijing 00 Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Brisbane Gladstone Macay Melbourne Newcastle 400 (Yellow indicates regional hub)

The Engineered Approach to Aboriginal Inclusion: Inclusion Works 2015. Tony Cesta & Siobhan Dooley May 13 th, 2015

The Engineered Approach to Aboriginal Inclusion: Inclusion Works 2015 Tony Cesta & Siobhan Dooley May 13 th, 2015 2 Presentation Outline Learning Objectives Introduction to Hatch Aboriginal Inclusion at