In the name of GOD M U S C U L A R S Y S T E M F O R P A R A M E D I C I N E S T U D E N T D R. S A E E D N I A
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1 In the name of GOD M U S C U L A R S Y S T E M F O R P A R A M E D I C I N E S T U D E N T D R. S A E E D N I A
2 Muscular system
3 Muscle Specialized cells Contractile proteins Muscle types: 1. Skeletal m. 2. Cardiac m. 3. Smooth m.
4 Skeletal muscle Striated Actin & myosin proteins
5 Cardiac Muscle
6 Smooth Muscle
7 Skeletal muscle Compose of: Muscle Fibers= length 30 cm / diameter µm Muscle Fascicle Whole muscle Connective tissue: Endomysium Perimysium Epimysium
8 Muscle Fiber structure A. Band I. Band Z line (disc) & sarcomer (2.5 mm)
9 Muscle fiber proteins 1. Actin 2. Troponin 3. Tropomyosin 4. myosin
10 Superficial fascia (hypoderm) Connective tissue Between skin & muscle Component: Adipose (yes / No) Vessels Nerves Sweet glands
11 Deep fascia Connective tissue Between muscle Septum (bone) Prevent Infection spread
12 Muscle attachment site Origin Belly (middle part) Insertion: Tendon (collagen) Aponeurosis (connective tissue)
13
14 Nomination Size (pectoral major & minor) Shape (deltoid) Head number (biceps) Position (supra & infra spinous) Deepness(felexor digitorum superficialis / prefundus ) Adhesion (sternocleidomastoid) Function (levator scapula)
15 Muscle classification Head & neck muscles: Facial expression m. Mastication m. Neck region m. Lingual m. Pharyngeal m. Supra & infra hyoid Extra ocular muscle Trunk muscles: Limb muscles: 1. Upper limb 2. Lower limb
16 Facial expression muscles Express the emotion End to skin Innervation: facial n. (7 th )
17 Muscles of mastication 1. Masseter (close) 2. Temporalis (close) 3. Medial Petrigoid (close) 4. Lateral Petrigoid (open) Innervation: trigeminal n. (5 th )
18 Masseter O: Zygomatic Pro. Of maxilla & zygomatic Arch I:mandible angle & ext. sur. Of mandible ramus F: close
19 Temporalis m. O: Temporal fossa I: cronoid pro. Of mandible F: close
20 Medial Pterygoid m. O: med surface of lateral peterygoid process & palatine bone I: med. Surface of mandible ramus & mandible angle F: close
21 Lateral Pterygoid m. O: lat. Surface of greater wing of sphenoid Lat. surface of lateral peterygoid process I: mandible condyle & TMJ disc F: open
22 Neck muscles Superficial m. Platysma Sterno Cleido Mastoid m. Antero lateral m. Anterior scalene Middle scalene Posterior scalene
23 Platysma O: deep fascia of pectoral major & deltoid m. I: inf. Border of mandible, inf. Lip F: make folds in neck skin & depression of inf. Lib skin &
24 SCM O: manubrium sternum Sternal end of clavicle I: mastoid pro. Of temporal F: flexion of head to front (bilateral contraction) & Lateral flexion(unilateral contraction)
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26 Triangle of neck In each side of neck SCM make 2 triangles: Ant. Triangle border: Lat. = ant. SCM Ant. = middle line of neck Sup. = mandible body Post. Triangle border: Ant. = post. SCM Post. = trapezius m Inf. = middle 1/3 clavicle
27 Scalene Muscles Anterior Scalene 0: transverse pro. C3-C6 I: superior surface of first rib Middle scalene O: transverse pro. Cervical vertebrae I: first rib Inferior Scalene O: transverse pro. C5-C6 I: Second or third rib Function: inspiration / flexion of neck
28 Lingual Muscle Intrinsic 1. Superior longitudinal 2. Vertical 3. Transverse 4. Inferior longitudinal Extrinsic 1. Genio glossus m. (out) 2. Hyo glossus m. (broad) 3. Stylo glossus m. (up & posterior) 4. Palato glossus m. (up the back part)
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32 Pharyngeal Muscle 1. Longitudinal m. 2. Constrictor m. Superior Middle Inferior
33 Supra & infra hyoid m. Supra hyoid m.: Digastric m. Mylohyoid m. Stylohyoid m. Geniohyoid
34 Supra & infra hyoid m. Infra hyoid m.: Sternohyoid Sternothyroid Thyrohyoid omohyoid
35 Extra ocular muscles Levator palpebral. Sup Lat. Rectus Med. Rectus Sup. Rectus Inf. Rectus Sup. Oblique Inf. oblique
36 Extrinsic ocular muscle function
37 Muscles of the Back Support & movement of vertebral column 1. Superficial m. 2. Middle m. 3. Deep m. Back muscles: exterinsing interinsing Superficial layer Middle layer Deep layer
38 Superficial layer 1. Latissmus Dorsi (humerus add. & med. Rot.) 2. Trapezius (scapula add. & elevator & inf. rotation) 3 Middle layer 4 3- Trapezius 4- Latissimus dorsi Superficial layer
39 Trapezius O: Ext. occipital protobrance Nuchal lig. Transverse proc. T1-T12 I: spinus proc. Scapula Acromion 1/3 external part of clavicle F: scapula adduction & elevation & inf. Rotation scapula
40 Latissmus Dorsi O: Spinus Proc. T7- T12 L1-L5 Iliac crest I: floor of intertubercular groove of humerus F: humerus adduction & med. rotation
41 Middle layer 1. Serratus posterior superior (O: spinous pro. C7-t2 / I: post. surface R2-R5 / F: deep inspiration) 2. Serratus posterior inferior (O: spinous pro. T12-L3/ I: post. surface R9- R512/ F: deep inspiration) Middle layer Accessory role in respiration 3 4 Superficial layer 3- Trapezius 4- Latissimus dorsi
42 Middle layer 3. Levator scapulae(o: transverse pro. Sup. Cervical vertebrae / I: sup. Scapular angle / F: levator scapula & lat. Flexion neck) 4. Rhomboid minor (O: spinous pro. C7-t1 / I: upper medial border scapula / F: scapula retraction(add.) & humerus add. ) 5. Rhomboid major ( O: spinous pro. T2-T5 / I: lower medial border scapula / F: scapula retraction(add.).) & humerus add. )
43 Deep layer Vertebral column movement Posture Vertebral column Lateral rotation Vertebral column flexion
44 Thorax muscles 1. Pectorals 2. Deep m.
45 Pectorals Pectoral major O: 1/3 med part clavicle, sternum anterior surface, true ribs cartilage I: bicipital groove (external border) F: humerus adduction, med. Rotation, flections, down the shoulder & humerus Pectoral mainor O: external surface 3th-5 th ribs I:coracoid pro. Of scapula F: down the scapula, Accessory role in respiration
46 Thorax Deep muscles 1. Ext. Intercostal (inspiration) 2. Int. intercostal (Expiration) 3. Innermost. Intercostal (Expiration) 4. Transverse thoracis (Expiration) 5. Levator costarum (inspiration) 6. Subcostal (Expiration)
47 Thorax Deep muscles Exr. Intercostal (inspiration) O: External border of subcostal groove I:superior border of inferior rib Int. intercostal (Expiration) O: internal border of subcostal groove I:superior border of inferior rib Innermost. Intercostal (Expiration) O: internal surface of rib I: internal surface of inferior rib
48 Thorax Deep muscles Transverse thoracic (Expiration) O: lateral border of sternum I: cartilage of 2-6 th ribs Levator costarum (inspiration) O: transverse process of thoracic vertebrae I:superior border of inferior rib Subcostal (Expiration) O: inferior border of rib I: superior border of inferior rib
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51 Abdominal muscles
52 Rectus abdominus muscle Near body midline Linea alba in medial separate left & right rectus m. From xiphoid pro. to pubic symphysis O: pubic crest & symphysis I: lat. surface of 5 th -7 th rib F: support visceral organs Elevate intraabdominal pressure
53 External oblique muscle O: last 8 ribs lat. Surface Fiber to inferior & medial of body I: iliac crest & linea alba F: support visceral organs Elevate intraabdominal pressure
54 Internal oblique muscle O: 2/3 lateral part of inguinal ligament Iliac crest Fibers to superior & lateral (opposite of external oblique fibers) I: 4 last ribs F: support visceral organs Elevate intraabdominal pressure
55 Transverse abdominuse muscle The most internal muscle of abdomen anterior wall O: 1/3 lateral part of inguinal ligament Iliac crest I: 6 last ribs F: support visceral organs increase intra abdominal pressure
56
57 Pectoral girdle muscles Levator scapula Deltoid Supra spinatus Infra spinatus Teres minor Teres major Subscapularis
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59 Levator scapula m. O: transverse process C1-C4 I: superior angle of scapula F: scapula elevation Lateral flexion & extension of neck
60 Deltoid m. O: 1/3 lateral end of clavicle Acromion process Spine of scapula I: deltoid tuberosity on lateral surface of humerus body F: Humerus Flection & medial rotation Humerus abduction Humerus extension & lateral rotation
61 Supra spinatus O: supra spinous fossa I: upper part of greater tubercle of humerus F: Humerus abduction initiation(30º) Shoulder joint maintenance & support
62 Infraspinatus m. O: infra spinous fossa I: humerus greater tubercle & shoulder joint capsule F: Humerus lateral rotation Shoulder joint maintenance & support
63 Teres minor m. O: 1/3 middle of scapula lateral border I: inferior part of humerus greater tubercle & shoulder joint capsule F: Humerus lateral rotation Shoulder joint maintenance & support
64 Teres major m. O: 1/3 inferior of scapula lateral border I: medial border of intertubercular groove F: Humerus medial rotation Humerus addaction & extension
65 Subscapularis m. O: subscapularis fossa (scapula anterior surface) I: humerus lesser tubercle F: humerus medial rotation Shoulder joint maintenance & support
66 Rotator cuff 1. Supra spinatus 2. Infra spinatus 3. Teres minor 4. Subscapularis
67 Upper limb muscles 1. Arm 2. Forearm 3. Hand
68 Arm Anterior surface: 1. Biceps bracheii 2. Brachialis 3. Corachobrachialis Posterior surface: 1. Triceps bracheii 2. anconeus
69 Anterior surface of Arm Biceps bracheii Origin: Long head: supra glenoid tubercle of scapula Short head: coracoid process of scapula Insertion: radius Action: forearm flexion
70 Anterior surface of Arm Brachialis Origin: ½ inferior part of humerus anterior surface Insertion: ulnar tuberosity & coronoid process Action: elbow flexion
71 Anterior surface of Arm Corachobrachialis Origin: corachoid process of scapula Insertion: humerus medial surface Action: humerus flection
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73 Posterior surface of Arm Triceps bracheii Origin: Long head: infra glenoid tubercle of scapula Medial head: humerus posterior surface Lateral head: humerus body Insertion: olecranon process of ulna Action: forearm extension
74 Triceps
75 Posterior surface of Arm Anconeus Origin: posterior surface of humerus lateral epicondyle Insertion: olecranon process & ulnar body Action: forearm extension
76 Forearm Anterior muscles Posterior muscles
77 Anterior muscles Origin: humerus medial epicondyle Action: Forearm pronation Hand flexion Digits flexion
78 Posterior muscles Origin: humerus lateral epicondyle Action: Forearm supination Hand extension Digits extension
79 Hand & carp muscle Tenar muscles Hypotenar muscles Lumbricals Palmar interosseus Dorsal interosseus
80 Gluteal musculatore Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus
81 Gluteal musculatore Gluteus maximus Origine: external surface of ileum Insertion: gluteal tuberosity Function: Powerful extention of femur lateral rotation
82 Gluteal musculatore Gluteus medius Origine: external surface of ileum Insertion : greater trouchanter Function: Femur abduction Femur medial rotation
83 Gluteal musculatore Gluteus minimus Origine: external surface of ileum Insertion: greater trouchanter Function: Femur abduction Femur medial rotation
84
85 Lower limb muscles Femur (tight) muscles Legg muscles Foot muscles
86 Femur (tight) muscles Anterior Medial Posterior
87 Femur (tight) muscles Anterior Quardratus femuris 1. Vastus medialis 2. Vastus intermedius 3. Vastus lateralis 4. Rectus femoris O: Hip & femur I: Tibia A: knee extension Sartorius: O: anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) I: medial condyle of tibia F: Femur flection, lateral rotation & abduction Legg flexion
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89 Femur (tight) muscles Medial Femur adduction
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91 Femur muscles Posterior Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Bicepse femoris O: hip I: tibia A: hip extension & knee flexion
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93 Leg Muscles Antero lateral muscles Posterior muscles
94 Antero lateral muscles Superficial muscles Deep muscles Action: Foot Eversion Foot extension Foot abduction Digits extension
95 Posterior muscles Superficial muscles Gastrocnemius Soleus O: femur I: calcaneus A: plantar & knee flexion Deep muscles Digits flexion Plantar flexion inversion
96 4 layers Foot muscles
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