BSc (Hons) Sports Therapy. Pre reading booklet Fundamentals of Anatomy workbook 2016

Transcription

1 BSc (Hons) Sports Therapy Pre reading booklet Fundamentals of Anatomy workbook 2016 Copyright of Hartpury College 2016

2 1. Introduction In order to be an effective and efficient graduate sports therapist, a detailed level of knowledge and understanding of the human body is essential. As a GST you will demonstrate the ability to assess, diagnose and rehabilitate numerous pathologies and injuries throughout your career and in order to do this, you must know your anatomy. The workbook has been created in order to facilitate your learning and understanding of anatomy and principles of human movement. As part of your first year of the BSc sports therapy degree, you will undertake numerous modules that establish a set of foundation skills that provide you with necessary theoretical components but also key practical aspects that are essential for subsequent years. Introduction to Functional Anatomy and Biomechanics for Sports Therapists is one of the modules you will cover in your first year and this workbook will help inform you prior to starting your degree and will be reinforced throughout the curricular framework. Demonstrating a sound working knowledge of anatomy and human movement will be advantageous going into modules like this. Following the completion of this workbook, a basic framework for which to base your anatomy skills and knowledge off will be established and will better inform you as your progress through your undergraduate program as a Student Sports Therapist. Throughout this workbook, you will be required to complete each section pertaining to each joint and related anatomy to that specific joint. Each section will be provided with an illustration. You must fill in and label each musculoskeletal component according to the appropriate number and place your chosen answer in the corresponding table outlined below each illustration. 2

3 2. Learning outcomes 2.1. On successful completion of this workbook students will be able to: 1. Develop a vocabulary of scientific terminology in order to communicate information related to anatomy. 2. Demonstrate an understanding of the structure of joints and related function of skeletal muscle, tendon, ligaments, aponeuroses and fascia. 3. Describe anatomical movement. 4. Describe key components of soft tissue structure, origins and insertions. 5. Identify and palpate the key anatomical landmarks and features of the human skeleton, muscle position and anatomical spaces. 3. Practical anatomy and function In this section, you are required to fill in the table corresponding with the illustration of each peripheral joint and familiarise yourself with the appropriate anatomy and anatomical structures. Each peripheral joint will be structured in a manner whereby you are required to label the structures and soft tissue components of the joint as well as completing the table of muscle origins, insertions and actions. This format provides you with a basic understanding of the anatomy of each joint and the associated soft tissue structures that are essential to know in order to aid your understanding human anatomy. In order to successfully complete this task, you are required to use an evidence based source of reference. This simply means you are required to use an anatomy textbook or scientific journal in order complete each section. Useful textbooks and resources include the following but are not limited to: 3

4 Brukner and Kahn, Clinical Sports Medicine (2012) Neumann, D. Kinesiology of the musculoskeletal system Palastanga, N - Anatomy and Human Movement 3.1. Ankle & Foot anatomy 4

5 Figure 1 medial aspect ankle and foot 5

6 Figure 2 Lateral aspect foot and ankle 6

7 3.1.2 bones and landmarks of the ankle complete the table below Bone/structure Label number Calcaneus Talus Sustenaculum tali Tibia fibula Navicular Cuboid Cuneiforms Base of 5 th metatarsal Proximal middle distal phalanges 7

8 Talo-crural joint Sub-talar joint Mid-tarsal joint Syndesmosis joint Lateral malleolus Medial malleolus Ligaments of the ankle complete the table below Ligament Origin Insertion Action Anterior talo-fibular ligament Calcaneo-fibular ligament 8

9 Posterior-talofibular ligament Deltoid ligaments (3 sets) Anterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament Posterior-inferior tibio-fibular ligament Muscles of the ankle complete the table below Muscle Origin Insertion Action Tibialis anterior Tibialis posterior Extensor hallucis longus Extensor digitorum longus 9

10 Flexor hallucis longus Flexor digitorum longus Peroneal longus Peroneal Brevis Peroneal Tertius Soleus Gastrocnemius Ankle RoM Plantarflexion Dorsiflexion Inversion Eversion Supination Pronation 10

11 3.2. Knee anatomy Figure 3 Anterior aspect of the knee 11

12 Figure 4 Posterior aspect of knee 12

13 3.2.1 Bones and landmarks of the knee complete the table below Bone/structure Label number Tibial tuberosity Pes anserine Head of fibula Patella tendon Epicondyle Tibia Epicondyle of femur Condyles of femur Quadriceps Tendon Femur Tibial plateau 13

14 Gerdy s tubercle Popliteal fossa Trochlear groove Intercondylar notch Medial meniscus Lateral meniscus ACL PCL Ligaments of the knee complete the table below Ligament Origin Insertion Action Anterior cruciate ligament Posterior cruciate ligament 14

15 Medial collateral ligament Lateral collateral ligament Ligament of Wrisberg Ligament of Humphreys Muscles of the knee complete the table below Muscle Origin Insertion Action Vastus Medialiis Obliquus Vastus Intermedius Vastus Lateralis Rectus Femoris 15

16 Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris Long head Biceps femoris short head Popliteus Knee RoM Flexion Extension Medial rotation Lateral rotation 16

17 3.3. Hip anatomy Figure 5 Anterior aspect of the Hip complex 17

18 Figure 6 Posterior aspect of the Hip complex 18

19 3.3.1 Bones and landmarks of the Hip complete the table below Bone/structure Label number Ilium Anterior superior Iliac spine Posterior superior Iliac spine Anterior Inferior iliac spine Iliac crest Greater trochanter Lesser trochanter Femoral neck Acetabulum Head of femur 19

20 Ischial tuberosity Obturator foramen Ischio-pubic ramus Inguinal ligament Pubic tubercle Labrum Spine of ischium Pubis of Ramus Trochanteric fossa Intertrochanteric crest Pectineal line Gluteal tuberosity Ligaments of the Hip complete the table below Ligament Origin Insertion Action Pubo-femoral ligament 20

21 Ischio-femoral ligament Iliofemoral ligament Ligamentum Teres Muscles of the hip complete the table below Muscle Origin Insertion Action Rectus femoris Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Adductor brevis Pectineus 21

22 Sartorius Gracilus Tensor fascia latae Iliopsoas (iliacus, Psoas) Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus Piriformis Hip RoM Flexion Extension Medial rotation Lateral rotation 22

23 Abduction Adduction 3.4. Shoulder Anatomy Figure 7 - Anterior aspect of the Shoulder complex 23

24 Figure 8 Posterior aspect of the Shoulder Complex 24

25 Bones and landmarks of the shoulder complete the table below Bone/structure Label number Greater tubercle of Humerus Lesser tubercle of Humerus Bicipital groove Humeral head Acromio-clavicular joint Glenohumeral joint Acromion Clavicle Coracoid process Scapula 25

26 Superior border of scapula Inferior angle of scapula Lateral border of Scapula Medial border Spine of scapula Infraspinous fossa Supraspinous fossa Ligaments of the Shoulder complete the table below Ligament Origin Insertion Action Superior glenohumeral ligament 26

27 Middle glenohumeral ligament Inferior glenohumeral ligament Transverse ligament Acromio-clavicular ligament Coraco-clavicular ligament Coraco-acromial Coraco-humeral Muscles of the Shoulder complete the table below Muscle Origin Insertion Action Teres minor 27

28 Teres Major Supraspinatus Subscapularis infraspinatus Rhomboid major Rhomboid minor Trapezius Latisumus Dorsi Pectoralis Minor Pectoralis Major Deltoids 28

29 Serratus anterior Shoulder RoM Flexion Extension Medial rotation Lateral rotation Abduction Adduction Horizontal flexion Horizontal extension 29

30 3.5. Elbow Anatomy Figure 9 Anterior aspect of Elbow 30

31 Figure 10 Posterior aspect of Elbow 31

32 Bones and landmarks of the elbow complete the table below Bone/structure Label number Humerus Medial epicondyle Lateral epicondyle Olecranon fossa Olecranon Capitellum Trochlea Humero-ulnar joint Longitudinal crest Coronoid process 32

33 Radius Ulna Fovea Radial notch of Ulna Radial tuberosity Coronoid fossa Radial Fossa Lateral Supracondylar ridge of humerus Ulnar tuberosity 33

34 3.5.2 Ligaments of the Elbow complete the table below Ligament Origin Insertion Action Lateral collateral ligament Ulnar collateral ligament (anterior, posterior & transverse) Annular ligament Joint capsule Oblique cord Muscles of the Elbow complete the table below Muscle Origin Insertion Action Biceps Brachii long head 34

35 Biceps Brachii short head Triceps lateral head Triceps Middle Triceps short head Brachialis Brachoradialis Pronator Teres Supinator Elbow RoM Flexion Extension Supination Pronation 35

36 3.6. Wrist & Hand Anatomy Figure 11 Ventral aspect of Wrist & Hand 36

37 Figure 12 Dorsal aspect of Wrist & Hand 37

38 Bones and landmarks of the elbow complete the table below Bone/structure Label number Distal Radio-ulnar joint Radio-carpal joint Radial styloid Ulnar styloid Scaphoid Lunate Pisiform Triquetral Trapezium Trapezoid 38

39 Capitate Hamate Hook of Hamate Metacarpals Phalanges (proximal, middle & distal) Base of 1 st metacarpal bone Ligaments of the Elbow complete the table below Ligament Origin Insertion Action Radial collateral carpal ligament Ulnar collateral carpal ligament 39

40 3.6.3 Muscles of the Hand & Wrist complete the table below Muscle Origin Insertion Action Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor indices Extensor carpi Ulnaris Extensor digitorum Extensor digit minimi Extensor pollicis longus & Brevis Abductor pollicis longus Flexor Carpi radialis 40

41 Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Palmaris longus Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor pollicis longus Wrist & Hand RoM Flexion Extension Radial deviation Ulnar deviation Fingers: o Flexion o Extension o Abduction o Adduction Thumb o Flexion o Extension o Abduction o Opposition 41

42 Note Please do not see this portfolio as an assignment or extra work for the curriculum. It is merely a guide to help introduce the topic and key concepts of functional anatomy that will give you a head start in your degree. It will also inspire confidence and assertiveness and will make your time as a student sports therapist a lot easier and more enjoyable. On successful completion of this portfolio, hopefully you will have acquired an in-depth knowledge and understanding of the human musculoskeletal system. Below is a list of recommended reading and helpful resources you can refer to while completing the workbook. Books: Neumann: Kinesiology of the musculoskeletal system. ISBN: Palastanga, Field and Soames. Anatomy and Human Movement: structure and function 5th Edition. ISBN: Cael, C. (Current Edition). Functional Anatomy: Muscoskeletal anatomy, kinesiology, and palpation for manual therapists. London: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Online resources: Anatomy TV YouTube Muscle and motion - Facebook And finally, on behalf of the Sports Therapy department here at Hartpury College we wish you the best of luck in your pursuit to become a Graduate Sports Therapist. We are looking forward to meeting you in September. 42