Star formation rate density [Mo/yr/ Mpc3]

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4 Submillimeter galaxy (SMGs) SMGs are ULIRGs in the early universe. Typically they have LIR 10 Lsun and SFR of 1000Msun/yr JCMT 15m dish. Submillimeter telescope located at Mt. Mauna Kea. 3.3 The first submm bolometer camera, SCUBA(Holland+98). Obs λ=850µm. 37 pix. The first submm deep image in HDF. Map area was 8 arcmin2. 7 SMGs were detected (Hughes+98).

5 µm 350µm IRAS Flux density [mjy] um 1100µm 24µm 110µm 70µm Herschel confusion AzTEC 0.01 VLA Blain et al., 2002, Physics Reports, 369, redshift

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