Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary
|
|
|
- Andrea Stephens
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary 04 The story line concept: introduction to communication, reflex arc model, neuroendocrinology, hierarchies, integration The hypothalamic - pituitary unit: neurovascular hypothesis, hypothalamic and hypophysiotropic neurohormones to anterior pituitary. The neuroendocrine control, hierarchies and integration sites: the M as neuroendocrine integration site, other neuroendocrine integration sites The anterior pituitary : embriological origin, amplification unit for hypophysiotropic hypothalamic signals Regulators of anterior pituitary : regulators of and of s and their mechanisms of action Neurohormones (GnRH, TRH, GHRH,, CRH, DA): a list of hypophysiotropic neurohormones and their effects The tory Line Concept I suggest you put this information into a table YOU design!!! Page 1
2 The tory Line Concept afferent story line integrator center a reflex arc a base for a control model efferent story line diagram for a control system as that present in a refrigerator sensor negative feedback story line effector if story lines are linked through an integrator and a negative feedback then you have control The tory Line Concept Blood glucose as example of a multihormonal control e.g. Insulin (1) Glucagon (2) Cortisol (3) pinephrine and GRH GH T3 - T4 others... ()1 () ()2 ()3 Page 2
3 The Hypothalamic- Pituitary Unit Hypothalamus Pituitary talk Anterior / Posterior Pit. Hypothalamic Nuclei Vascular link to AP Neuronal link to PP talk transection Kidney transplant Neonate pituitary Harris, Halaz, Yalow, hally, Guilleman (NTC) Neuroendocrine control (pulsatile, circadian, episodic) LH GH pulsatile circadian episodic The Neuroendocrine Control, Hierarchies and Integrators hypothalamus NTC = neuroendocrine transducer cells variable under control (t C / F) thermostat (set point) t C / F detector (feedback) Integrator () common language error signal (on/off) engine (amplifier) long loop negative feedback N T C A P TARGT short and ultrashort negative feedbacks hierarchies: gonadal adrenal thyroid others FINAL NDOCRIN FFCT Page 3
4 The Neuroendocrine Control, Hierarchies and Integrators C feedback detector Integrator () variable under control (t C / F) thermostat (set point) t C / F detector (feedback) Integrator () common language error signal (on/off) engine (amplifier) rror signal (NTC) negative feedback loop AP gland controlled hormone The Neuroendocrine Control, Hierarchies and Integrators C C C 2 P4 receptor Cortisol. receptor T3 receptor N TC GnRH CRH TRH gonadal hierarchy AP adrenal hierarchy AP thyroid hierarchy AP gonad adrenal thyroid 2 / P4 cortisol T3 / T4 Page 4
5 The Neuroendocrine Control, Hierarchies and Integrators ARN-M and PVN, two hypothalamic integration center ARN-M PVN The Neuroendocrine Control, Hierarchies and Integrators ARN-M and PVN, two hypothalamic integration center PVN The PVN has outputs: to ARN-M area to posterior pituitary to midbrain (AN) POA M GnRH TRH, GHRH RIF / DA, CRH, VIP Page 5
6 The Neuroendocrine Control, Hierarchies and Integrators ARN-M and PVN, two hypothalamic integration center What are integrators for, and from where do their inputs came from, and where do their outputs go to?? ARN-M AP PVN PP AN The Neuroendocrine Control, Hierarchies and Integrators ARN-M and PVN, two hypothalamic integration center What are integrators for, and from where do their inputs came from, and where do their outputs go to?? Page 6
7 The Neuroendocrine Control, Hierarchies and Integrators ARN-M and PVN, two hypothalamic integration center What are integrators for, and from where do their inputs came from, and where do their outputs go to?? The Anterior Pituitary AP function and story lines TH Anterior Pituitary Hormones Hormone Target Major Action FH LH GH PRL POMC Page 7
8 The Anterior Pituitary mbriological origin Anatomical / functional links to the brain Hypophysiotropic neurohormones Hormone RIAs anterior pituitary roof of the mouth Rathk es pouch adenohypophysis vascular link posterior pituitary hypothalamic projection axonal transport neurohypophysis neuronal link The pituitary gland is located in a depression of the basiesphenoid bone called the sella turcica The Anterior Pituitary mbriological origin Anatomical / functional links to the brain Lesion 1 Hypophysiotropic neurohormones Hormone RIAs Page 8
9 The Anterior Pituitary mbriological origin Hypophysiotropic Hormones Anatomical / functional links to the brain Hypophysiotropic neurohormones this lecture (vascular link) Hormone RIAs next lecture (neuronal link) The Anterior Pituitary mbriological origin Anatomical / functional links to the brain Hypophysiotropic neurohormones Hormone RIAs CRH GnRH GHRH Ghrelin 5HT DA TRH Hormone Hypophysiotropic Hormones Aminoacids Hypothalamic ource Pituitary Action AVP Page 9
10 The Anterior Pituitary mbriological origin Hypophysiotropic Hormones Anatomical / functional links to the brain Hypophysiotropic neurohormones Hormone RIAs TRH GnRH CRH GHRH Grhelin VP The Anterior Pituitary mbriological origin How to measure Hormones Anatomical / functional links to the brain Hypophysiotropic neurohormones Hormone RIAs Page 10
11 Regulators of AP The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal hierarchy Regulators of AP Regulation of ---> Page 11
12 Regulators of AP POMC and biosynthesis of Feedback associated with control of (Addisson s disease???) Regulators of AP Basal release of Cortisol. receptor C CRH adrenal hierarchy AP What does this profile suggest about the control of??? adrenal cortisol Page 12
13 Regulators of AP (more Info in glucocorticoid lectures) Regulators of AP Mechanism of action Page 13
14 Regulators of AP (more info on steroids, gluco and mineralocorticoids lectures) Regulators of AP the growth hierarchy Page 14
15 Regulators of AP Regulation of Regulators of AP (last lecture) (this lecture) (-Fb) (lecture on growth) Page 15
16 Regulators of AP GH basal release day vs night What does this experimental profile suggests? Regulators of AP More on growth and metabolic actions of hormones in later lectures on metabilism of: a) water b) glucose c) mineral d) growth GH endocrine effects are also the reason why it is abused as drug to enhance sport performance. Page 16
17 Regulators of AP workload GH and exercise performance More on growth and metabolic actions of hormones in later lectures on metabilism of: force time in months a) water b) glucose c) mineral d) growth GH endocrine effects are also the reason why it is abused as drug to enhance sport performance. (+) (-) Page 17
18 Regulators of AP Mechanism of action Regulators of AP 2.3 meters (7 6 ) Gigantism 1.6 meters GH hyper before and after the closure of epiphyseal growth plate at puberty Page 18
19 Regulators of AP Acromegaly Regulators of AP Acromegaly Page 19
20 Hypophysiotropic neurohormones GnRH LHRH TRH GRH anatomy, embryology, and hierarchies (gonadal, thyroid, GH, adrenal, Prl, intermedin). LH / FH TH GH GnRH: structure, gene expression, receptor,, action, Kallman syndrome, clinical use. TRH: structure, receptor, secreting cells, regulation, actions, clinical use. P4, T, 2 T3, T4 IGFs GHRH: structure, receptor,, patophysiology, clinical use. RIF: structure, receptor,, analogs. CRH DA VIP MH - RF 5HT CRH: structure, receptors, regulation, and patophysiology, clinical use. DA: synthesis and DA neurons, regulation of Prl, receptors, hyperprolactinemia and D2R agonists. Prl MH gases as neural messengers (neurohormones). cortisol GnRH TRH GHRH decapeptide derived from a 92 aa precursor encoded by one gene which also encodes GAP its receptor has 7- transmembrane domains, characteristic of G protein - linked receptors. Its AP content changes with physiological states. Constant GnRH infusion downregulates the GnRH- receptor GnRH regulates LH / FH synthesis and release by a Ca - dependent mechanism involving phosphoinosi-tide hydrolysis, PKC activation, and calmodulin Kallman syndrome, precocious puberty, hpg mouse sexual behavior, prostate cancer, endometriosis is a tripeptide amide synthesized as part of a large prohormone termed prepro-trh which contains 6 TRH copies encoded by one gene its receptor has 7- transmembrane domains, characteristic of G protein - linked receptors TRH actions are mediated by the phosphoinositol / Ca system (IP3, DAG, calmodulin, PKC) distribution of TRH receptors in brain suggest TRH is also a neurotransmitter / neuromodulator TRH appears to function as neurotrophic factor used in stimulation tests prior to new TH assays 44 aa in more than a isoform coded in a large prohormone. Hypothalamic gene expression is under the control of GH, is sexually dimorphic and regulated by gonadal steroids (up by DHT) its receptor has 7- transmembrane domains, characteristic of G protein - linked receptors several second messenger systems mediate effects of GHRH: AC/cAMP, PLC/IP2, PLA/PG GHRH neurons have receptors, GH pulses half of human GH - secreting tumors have point mutations of Gs gene that interferes with intrinsic GTPase activity and lead to constitutive activation Page 20
21 CRH DA a tetradecapeptide whose gene sequence is well conserved in evolution. Post-translational processing of pro by peptidases / convertases is also conserved and determine the tissue specificity its five receptor subtypes have 7- transmembrane domains, typical of G protein - linked receptors inhibits AC activity on binding to its receptor by stimulating Gi. Additional open K channels hyperpolarizing the cell and decreasing Ca influx through voltage sensitive channels since many tumors expressed receptors, agonists are used in their detection and treatment. antagonists are of potential use to increase GH a 41 aa, synthesized as part of a prohormone which is processed enzymatically. The CRH gene is expressed widely. CRH-BP decreases its synaptic concentration and bioavailability its receptor has homology to the G - protein - coupled receptor superfamily, and has been linked to GC and to an increase in Ca by camp CRH is the primary hormonal regulator of the body s stress response. It has a reciprocal positive interaction with AVP at the M (?) CRH is used in stimulation tests, antagonists in depression, anorexia nervosa, anxiety, drug withdrawal. CRH- BP antagonists increase CRH is a catecholamine synthesized by hydroxylation of tyrosine and subsequent decarboxylation of L- Dopa D2 receptors regulate Prl. They have 7 transmembrane domains, typical of G protein- linked receptors DA decreases camp (Gi) and ICF-Ca. Prl release is inhibited by low Ca and by Ca channel blockers hyperprolactinemia due to uncoupling of lactotrophs from hypothalamic DA. hyperprolactinemia causes hypo-gonadism, low libido & galactorrhea. It is treated by DA agonists. Prl response to haloperidol is a very good predictor of its antipsychotic effects Page 21
Describe how these hormones exert control quickly by changes in phosphorylation state of enzyme, and more slowly by changes of gene expression
Section VIII. Section VIII. Tissue metabolism Many tissues carry out specialized functions: Ch. 43 look at different hormones affect metabolism of fuels, especially counter-insulin Ch. 44 Proteins and
INTRODUCTION TO HORMONES
INTRODUCTION TO HORMONES UNIVERSITY OF PNG SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES DISCIPLINE OF BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PBL MBBS II SEMINAR VJ Temple What are hormones? Cells in multi-cellular
Chapter 45: Hormones and the Endocrine System
Name Period Overview 1. What is a hormone? 2. Why does a hormone elicit a response only with target cells? 3. The body has two long-distance regulating systems. Which involves chemical signals by hormones?
Endocrine System Review Graphics are used with permission of: Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings (http://www.aw-bc.
Endocrine System Review Graphics are used with permission of: Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings (http://www.aw-bc.com) Page 1. Endocrine System Review Consists of discrete individual
Hormones & Chemical Signaling
Hormones & Chemical Signaling Part 2 modulation of signal pathways and hormone classification & function How are these pathways controlled? Receptors are proteins! Subject to Specificity of binding Competition
regulation of ECF composition and volume regulation of metabolism thyroid hormones, epinephrine, growth hormone, insulin and glucagon
Hormonal Effects regulation of ECF composition and volume ADH, aldosterone, ANF regulation of metabolism thyroid hormones, epinephrine, growth hormone, insulin and glucagon regulation of muscle contraction
Actions of Hormones on Target Cells Page 1. Actions of Hormones on Target Cells Page 2. Goals/ What You Need to Know Goals What You Need to Know
Actions of Hormones on Target Cells Graphics are used with permission of: Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings (http://www.aw-bc.com) Page 1. Actions of Hormones on Target Cells Hormones
Endocrine Responses to Resistance Exercise
chapter 3 Endocrine Responses to Resistance Exercise Chapter Objectives Understand basic concepts of endocrinology. Explain the physiological roles of anabolic hormones. Describe hormonal responses to
The Endocrine System
Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Elaine N. Marieb Seventh Edition Chapter 9 The Endocrine System Slides 9.1 9.48 Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Cook The Endocrine System Second messenger
Ch16 Endocrine part 2
Ch16 Endocrine part 2 several separate organs release hormones into capillaries hormones are transported in the blood Hypothalamus Pituitary glands Pineal gland Thyroid Parathyroid Thymus Adrenal Cortex
Chapter 18. An Introduction to the Endocrine System. Hormone Chemistry
Chapter 18 An Introduction to the Endocrine System Hormone Chemistry Endocrine System Components endocrine system - glands, tissues, and cells that secrete hormones Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies,
Chapter 15. The Autonomic Nervous. The Autonomic Nervous System. Autonomic Motor Pathways. ANS vs. SNS
The Autonomic Nervous System Chapter 15 The subconscious involuntary nervous system Regulates activity of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle & certain glands The Autonomic Nervous System 1 2 ANS vs. SNS Somatic
Stress & Catecholamines - Overview
Stress & Catecholamines - Overview UNIVERSITY OF PNG SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES DISCIPLINE OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PBL MBBS YEAR II SEMINAR VJ Temple Stress can due to: What is
Pituitary disease for GPs. Dr Tricia Tan Metabolic Medicine and Endocrinology
Pituitary disease for GPs Dr Tricia Tan Metabolic Medicine and Endocrinology Hypothalamo-pituitary-endocrine organ axis Interface between brain and endocrine organs Amplification from Releasing factor
Mechanism of hormone action
Mechanism of hormone action ผศ.ดร.พญ.ส ว ฒณ ค ปต ว ฒ ภาคว ชาสร รว ทยา คณะแพทยศาสตร ศ ร ราชพยาบาล Aims What is hormone receptor Type of hormone receptors - cell surface receptor - intracellular receptor
Response to Stress Graphics are used with permission of: Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings (http://www.aw-bc.
Response to Stress Graphics are used with permission of: Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings (http://www.aw-bc.com) Page 1. Introduction When there is an overwhelming threat to the
Hormonal Cycles. 1. Briefly describe each component of an endocrine feedback loop: Stimulus. Production Cell. Hormone. Target Cell. Target Cell Action
Hormonal Cycles Directions: a. Click the Contents button. b. Open the Endocrine System File. c. Click Animations. d. Click Hormonal Cycles. 1. Briefly describe each component of an endocrine feedback loop:
Endocrine System ANS 215 Physiology and Anatomy of Domesticated Animals
Endocrine System ANS 215 Physiology and Anatomy of Domesticated Animals I. Introduction A. Considered to be part of animals communication system 1. Nervous system uses physical structures for communication
Chapter 4. The Adrenal Medulla
Chapter 4 The Adrenal Medulla Introduction Induction of cortisol production requires several minutes, and full elaboration of cortisol action requires several hours. In contrast, the adrenal medullary
Hormones: Classification. Hormones: Classification. Peptide Hormone Synthesis, Packaging, and Release
Hormones: Classification Hormones: Classification Be able to give types and example. Compare synthesis, half-life and location of receptor 1. Peptide or protein hormones Insulin from amino acids 2. Steroid
Integration and Coordination of the Human Body. Nervous System
I. General Info Integration and Coordination of the Human Body A. Both the and system are responsible for maintaining 1. Homeostasis is the process by which organisms keep internal conditions despite changes
Water Homeostasis. Graphics are used with permission of: Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings (http://www.aw-bc.
Water Homeostasis Graphics are used with permission of: Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings (http://www.aw-bc.com) 1. Water Homeostasis The body maintains a balance of water intake
Endocrine Glands and the General Principles of Hormone Action
Endocrine Glands and the General Principles of Hormone Action Cai Li, Ph.D. Assistant professor Touchstone Center for Diabetes Research Departments of Physiology and Internal Medicine The University of
The Endocrine System. You don t have to watch CSI to experience action-packed drama.
The Endocrine System: An Overview (pp. 595 596) Hormones (pp. 596 601) The Chemistry of Hormones (p. 596) Mechanisms of Hormone Action (pp. 596 598) Target Cell Specificity (p. 598) Half-Life, Onset, and
How To Understand The Hypothalamus
883 Hypothalamus HYPOTHALAMUS Introduction The hypothalamus is a very small, but extremely important part of the diencephalon that is involved in the mediation of endocrine, autonomic and behavioral functions.
Intercellular Communication 1. Direct communication: occurs between two cells of the same type through gap junctions via ions or small solutes
Endocrine System (Chapter 18) Lecture Materials for Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. Suffolk County Community College Primary Sources for figures and content: Eastern Campus Marieb, E. N. Human Anatomy & Physiology
Issues Relevant to Endocrine Disruptor Screening
Concepts of Endocrinology: Issues Relevant to Endocrine Disruptor Screening Raphael J. Witorsch, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Physiology and Biophysics School of Medicine Virginia i i Commonwealth University
Chapter 7: The Nervous System
Chapter 7: The Nervous System Objectives Discuss the general organization of the nervous system Describe the structure & function of a nerve Draw and label the pathways involved in a withdraw reflex Define
Regulation of Metabolism. By Dr. Carmen Rexach Physiology Mt San Antonio College
Regulation of Metabolism By Dr. Carmen Rexach Physiology Mt San Antonio College Energy Constant need in living cells Measured in kcal carbohydrates and proteins = 4kcal/g Fats = 9kcal/g Most diets are
The tissues and organs of the vertebrate body cooperate
56 The Endocrine System Concept Outline 56.1 Regulation is often accomplished by chemical messengers. Types of Regulatory Molecules. Regulatory molecules may function as neurotransmitters, hormones, or
Chapter 18: The Endocrine System
Chapter 18: The Endocrine System I. Intercellular Communication, p. 591 Objectives 1. Explain the importance of intercellular communication and describe the mechanisms involved. 2. Compare the modes of
PHC 313 The 7 th. Lecture. Adrenergic Agents
PHC 313 The 7 th. Lecture Adrenergic Agents Introduction Introduction Adrenergic agents are a broad class of agents employed in the treatment of many disorders. They are those chemical agents that exert
Age Management Panel Male Fasting Panel
801 SW 16th St Suite 126 Renton WA 98057 Phone: 425.271.8689 Fax: 425.271.8689 CLIA # 50D0630590 Age Management Panel Male Fasting Panel Doctor ID 1001 Age 55 Date Collected 01/01/07 Patient Name DOE,
Stress Psychophysiology. Introduction. The Brain. Chapter 2
Stress Psychophysiology Chapter 2 Introduction This chapter covers the process & structures activated during the physiological response to stress. Two stress pathways are available; one for short term
Endocrine System: Practice Questions #1
Endocrine System: Practice Questions #1 1. Removing part of gland D would most likely result in A. a decrease in the secretions of other glands B. a decrease in the blood calcium level C. an increase in
Related KidsHealth Links. Discussion Questions
Grades 9 to 12 Human Body Series KidsHealth.org/classroom Teacher s Guide This guide includes: Standards Related Links Discussion Questions Activities for Students Reproducible Materials Standards This
Common Endocrine Disorders. Gary L. Horowitz, MD Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston, MA
Common Endocrine Disorders Gary L. Horowitz, MD Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston, MA Objectives Describe the typical laboratory values for TSH and Free T4 in hypo- and hyperthyroidism Explain
Introduction to the Hypothalamo- Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis
Igor Mitrovic, MD Introduction to the Hypothalamo- Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis (Lecture) OBJECTIVES: Identify appropriate hypothalamic factors that control the secretion of each of the anterior pituitary
September 2009. [KV 801] Sub. Code: 3801
![September 2009. [KV 801] Sub. Code: 3801](/thumbs/30/14363642.jpg "September 2009. [KV 801] Sub. Code: 3801")
September 2009 [KV 801] Sub. Code: 3801 DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM. D) DEGREE EXAMINATION (Regulations 2008-2009) (Candidates admitted from 2008-2009 onwards) Paper I HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Time :
Andrew Rosen - Chapter 3: The Brain and Nervous System Intro:
Intro: Brain is made up of numerous, complex parts Frontal lobes by forehead are the brain s executive center Parietal lobes wave sensory information together (maps feeling on body) Temporal lobes interpret
D.U.C. Assist. Lec. Faculty of Dentistry General Physiology Ihsan Dhari. The Autonomic Nervous System
The Autonomic Nervous System The portion of the nervous system that controls most visceral functions of the body is called the autonomic nervous system. This system helps to control arterial pressure,
Chapter 15. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and Visceral Reflexes. general properties Anatomy. Autonomic effects on target organs
Chapter 15 Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and Visceral Reflexes general properties Anatomy Autonomic effects on target organs Central control of autonomic function 15-1 Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies,
ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR AGONIST,CLASSIFICATION AND MECHANISM OF ACTION.
ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR AGONIST,CLASSIFICATION AND MECHANISM OF ACTION. LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of lecture students should be able to know, Adrenergic receptor agonist, Classification and mechanism
Reavis High School Anatomy and Physiology Curriculum Snapshot
Reavis High School Anatomy and Physiology Curriculum Snapshot Unit 1: Introduction to the Human Body 10 days As part of this unit, students will define anatomy, physiology, and pathology. They will identify
3) There are different types of extracellular signaling molecules. 4) most signaling molecules are secreted by exocytosis
XIV) Signaling. A) The need for Signaling in multicellular organisms B) yeast need to signal to respond to various factors C) Extracellular signaling molecules bind to receptors 1) most bind to receptors
Class 10 NCERT Science Text Book Chapter 7 Control and Coordination
Class 10 NCERT Science Text Book Chapter 7 Control and Coordination Question 1: What is the difference between a reflex action and walking? A reflex action is a rapid, automatic response to a stimulus.
U N IT 10 NE RVOUS SYS TE M REVIEW 1. Which of the following is controlled by the somatic nervous system? A. rate of heartbeat B.
U N IT 10 NE RVOUS SYS TE M REVIEW 1. Which of the following is controlled by the somatic nervous system? A. rate of heartbeat B. contraction of skeletal muscles C. increased blood flow to muscle tissue
How To Know If You Can Lose Weight
ATTACHMENT: Useful remarks for patient and doctor, to be associated to the analytical results. Your doctor should interpret this report. Cod. ID: 123456 CCV: 000 Date: 01/01/2014 Patient: Rossi Mario Rapport
What is the basic component of the brain and spinal cord communication system?
EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY David Myers The Biology of Mind Chapter 2 Neural Communication Neurons How Neurons Communicate How Neurotransmitters Influence Us The Nervous System The Peripheral Nervous System The
Hormonal regulation of gonad function overview
Hormonal regulation of gonad function overview Role of hormones in reproductive functions production and maintenance of mature gametes optimization of the circumstances of impregnation support of pregnancy,
INSULIN RESISTANCE, POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME
1 University of Papua New Guinea School of Medicine and Health Sciences Division of Basic Medical Sciences Discipline of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology PBL SEMINAR INSULIN RESISTANCE, POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN
Endocrine issues in FA SUSAN R. ROSE CINCINNATI CHILDREN S HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER
Endocrine issues in FA SUSAN R. ROSE CINCINNATI CHILDREN S HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER 80% of children and adults with FA have an endocrine abnormality Endocrine cells make a hormone (message) Carried in bloodstream
Mammalian Physiology. Autonomic Nervous System UNLV. PHYSIOLOGY, Chapter 11 Berne, Levy, Koeppen, Stanton UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA LAS VEGAS
Mammalian Physiology Autonomic Nervous System UNLV 1 UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA LAS VEGAS PHYSIOLOGY, Chapter 11 Berne, Levy, Koeppen, Stanton Objectives Describe the organization of the autonomic nervous system
Autonomic Nervous System Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi
Autonomic Nervous System Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi Nervous System Divisions of the nervous system The human nervous system consists of the central nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
The Neuron and the Synapse. The Neuron. Parts of the Neuron. Functions of the neuron:
The Neuron and the Synapse The Neuron Functions of the neuron: Transmit information from one point in the body to another. Process the information in various ways (that is, compute). The neuron has a specialized
Hypothyroidism. Written by Donald Yung Edited by Dianna Louie. Basic Embryology and Anatomy
Hypothyroidism Written by Donald Yung Basic Embryology and Anatomy The thyroid gland consists of two lobes connected by an isthmus and is located anterior to the trachea at the base of the neck. During
Blood Testing Protocols. Disclaimer
Blood Testing Protocols / Page 2 Blood Testing Protocols Here are the specific test protocols recommend by Dr. J.E. Williams. You may request these from your doctor or visit www.readyourbloodtest.com to
Perioperative management of patients undergoing pituitary surgery
Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am 32 (2003) 355 365 Perioperative management of patients undergoing pituitary surgery Mary Lee Vance, MD Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University
Guidelines for Ordering Serum Levels of Gonadotropins (FSH, LH) and Prolactin CLP 021 Revised June, 2008 (Replaces October 2000 version)
Guidelines for Ordering Serum Levels of Gonadotropins (FSH, LH) and Prolactin CLP 021 Revised June, 2008 (Replaces October 2000 version) 1. Scope This laboratory Guideline is intended to assist community
TSH. TSH is an integral part of a thyroid panel useful for the determination and potential differentiation of hypothyroidism.
TSH Background Thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion is regulated via a negative feed-back control system, which involves the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and the thyroid gland. Thyrotrophin-releasing
glucose and fatty acids to raise your blood sugar levels.
Endocrine & Cell Communication Part IV: Maintaining Balance (Homeostasis) TEACHER NOTES needs coding 1 Endocrine & Cell Communication Part IV: Maintaining Balance (Homeostasis) 2 AP Biology Curriculum
Physiology Chapter 1 Lecture
Physiology Chapter 1 Lecture I. Anatomy and Physiology - structure and function. *many subdivisions in both areas. See Table 1.1, page 2 *structure and function are interrelated, the structure often determines
1. Give the name and functions of the structure labeled A on the diagram. 2. Give the name and functions of the structure labeled B on the diagram.
2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Sample Tournament Station A: Use the diagram in answering Questions 1-5. 1. Give the name and functions of the structure labeled A on the diagram. 2. Give the name and functions
The Testosterone Report
The Testosterone Report Contents 1. What is Testosterone? 2. Why is Testosterone necessary? 3. Why do my Testosterone Levels decrease? 4. What does low Testosterone cause? 5. How Do I raise my Testosterone?
Resting membrane potential ~ -70mV - Membrane is polarized
Resting membrane potential ~ -70mV - Membrane is polarized (ie) Electrical charge on the outside of the membrane is positive while the electrical charge on the inside of the membrane is negative Changes
Sex Hormones In Females And Related Disorders
Sex Hormones In Females And Related Disorders (see previous newsletter article for males) Sex Hormone production and measurement in females Follicle Stimulating Hormone () Luteinizing Hormone (), Oestradiol
Please read chapter 15, The Autonomic Nervous System, complete this study guide, and study this material BEFORE coming to the first class.
Please read chapter 15,, complete this study guide, and study this material BEFORE coming to the first class. I. Introduction to the autonomic nervous system: Briefly describe the autonomic nervous system.
Chapter 13. The Nature of Somatic Reflexes
Chapter 13 The Nature of Somatic Reflexes Nature of Reflexes (1 of 3) A reflex is an involuntary responses initiated by a sensory input resulting in a change in a gland or muscle tissue occur without our
The Background for the Diabetes Detection Model
The Background for the Diabetes Detection Model James K. Peterson Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Mathematical Sciences Clemson University November 23, 2014 Outline The Background for
Chapter 45. Hormones and the Endocrine System
Chapter 45 Hormones and the Endocrine System Lecture Outline Overview: The Body s Long-Distance Regulators An animal hormone is a chemical signal that is secreted into the extracellular fluid, circulates
Drugs, The Brain, and Behavior
Drugs, The Brain, and Behavior John Nyby Department of Biological Sciences Lehigh University What is a drug? Difficult to define Know it when you see it Neuroactive vs Non-Neuroactive drugs Two major categories
Chapter 28. Drug Treatment of Parkinson s Disease
Chapter 28 Drug Treatment of Parkinson s Disease 1. Introduction Parkinsonism Tremors hands and head develop involuntary movements when at rest; pin rolling sign (finger and thumb) Muscle rigidity arthritis
Biology 12 June 2003 Provincial Examination
Biology 12 June 2003 rovincial Examination ANWER KEY / CORING GUIDE CURRICULUM: Organizers 1. Cell Biology 2. Cell rocesses and Applications 3. Human Biology ub-organizers A, B, C, D E, F, G, H I, J, K,
Engage: Brainstorming Body Systems. Record the structures and function of each body system in the table below.
Engage: Brainstorming Body s Record the structures and function of each body system in the table below. Body Nervous Circulatory Excretory Immune Digestive Respiratory Skeletal Muscular Endocrine Integumentary
Chapter 15. Neurotransmitters of the ANS
Chapter 15 Neurotransmitters of the ANS Neurotransmitters and Receptors How can the same ANS neurons create different effects on different target tissue? Variety of neurotransmitters Secondly, different
Multiple Pituitary Hormone Deficiency (MPHD)
Multiple Pituitary Hormone Deficiency (MPHD) SERIES 1 SERIES 2 SERIES 3 SERIES 4 SERIES 5 SERIES 6 SERIES 7 SERIES 8 SERIES 9 SERIES 10 SERIES 11 SERIES 12 SERIES 13 SERIES 14 SERIES 15 SERIES 16 CHILD
The Hypothalamus. Functions of the Hypothalamus. The Hypothalamus. Medical Neuroscience Dr. Wiegand
The Medical Neuroscience Dr. Wiegand Neural Influences Neural Influences Hormonal Influences Hormonal Influences The Autonomic Nervous System Limbic System Endocrine System system Endocrine 1 The Diencephalon
The Menstrual Cycle. Model 1: Ovarian Cycle follicular cells
The Menstrual Cycle REVIEW questions to complete before starting this POGIL activity 1. Gonads produce both gametes and sex steroid hormones. For the female, name the: A. gonads ovaries B. gametes oocyte/ovum/egg
Urinary System. And Adrenal Function
Urinary System And Adrenal Function Overview Kidney anatomy and physiology Urine Ureters, Bladder and Urethra Adrenal Function Functions of the Kidney Filter fluids from the blood Regulate volume and composition
7 Answers to end-of-chapter questions
7 Answers to end-of-chapter questions Multiple choice questions 1 B 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 A 6 D 7 C 8 C 9 B 10 B Structured questions 11 a i Maintenance of a constant internal environment within set limits i Concentration
PUBERTY. Dr. Valérie M. Schwitzgebel. Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology Hôpital des Enfants HUG Genève Valerie.Schwitzgebel@hcuge.
PUBERTY Dr. Valérie M. Schwitzgebel Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology Hôpital des Enfants HUG Genève Valerie.Schwitzgebel@hcuge.ch V. Schwitzgebel 2004 PHYSIOLOGY of PUBERTY DEFINITION
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM Somatic efferent and ANS Somatic Efferent Control is over skeletal muscles. External environment This division of the PNS responds to some change in the external environment. single
D. Vitamin D. 1. Two main forms; vitamin D2 and D3
D. Vitamin D. Two main forms; vitamin D2 and D3 H H D3 - Cholecalciferol D2 - Ergocalciferol Technically, vitamin D is not a vitamin. It is the name given to a group of fat-soluble prohormones (substances
Pituitary Adenoma: A Two Part Approach
Pituitary Adenoma: A Two Part Approach I. A General Overview II. Hypersecretion/Incidentaloma Jose Manuel Calero, MD Outline I. General Overview 1) Definition 2) Classification Cell origin Hormone Secreted
The h0rmones of adrenal medulla. University of Debrecen, Department of Physiology
The h0rmones of adrenal medulla University of Debrecen, Department of Physiology Introduction Adrenal gland (6-10 g) Cortex (5-9 g) Medulla ( 1 g) Chromaffin cells alarm (Selye 1936) flight or fight (Cannon
Nervous System sensor input integration motor output sensory organs central nervous system
Nervous System Nervous system performs three overlapping functions of sensor input, integration, and motor output. This process is generally the same even at a very primitive level of nervous system, but
Slide 4: Forebrain Structures. Slide 5: 4 Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex. Slide 6: The Cerebral Hemispheres (L & R)
Slide 1: [Film Clip: The Brain #2- Phineas Gage] Integrated Bodily Communications Within Brain (Hemispheres and structures) The remaining Nervous System Endocrine System (Hormonal communication) Our bodies-
The Endocrine System. Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi. Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Endocrine System Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi Endocrine System The endocrine system interacts with the nervous system to coordinate and integrate body activities by means of hormones. Endocrine tissues and
Introduction to Psychology, 7th Edition, Rod Plotnik Module 3: Brain s Building Blocks. Module 3. Brain s Building Blocks
Module 3 Brain s Building Blocks Structure of the Brain Genes chains of chemicals that are arranged like rungs on a twisting ladder there are about 100,000 genes that contain chemical instructions that
Chapter Fourteen. Emotion, Reward, Aggression, and Stress
Chapter Fourteen Emotion, Reward, Aggression, and Stress EMOTIONS! Emotions generally include a Physical component, and a Subjective component or quality, and a Valence Emotions a product of Evolution?
10/26/2014. Human Anatomy & Physiology. The Endocrine System: Part A. Endocrine System: Overview
PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Barbara Heard, Human Anatomy & Physiology Atlantic Cape Community College Ninth Edition C H A P T E R 16 The Endocrine System: Part A Endocrine System: Overview Acts
BRAZOSPORT COLLEGE LAKE JACKSON, TX. SYLLABUS for BIOLOGY 2301 LECTURE HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY I by Jerry James, Fall 2015
BRAZOSPORT COLLEGE LAKE JACKSON, TX SYLLABUS for BIOLOGY 2301 LECTURE HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY I by Jerry James, Fall 2015 Course Description: This 3-credit course is the first half of a two-semester
Diabetes and Insulin Signaling
Diabetes and Insulin Signaling NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE by Kristy J. Wilson School of Mathematics and Sciences Marian University, Indianapolis, IN Part I Research Orientation
Yamaguchi University, Japan
Yamaguchi University, Japan The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science The Stress Related Neuroendocrine and Metabolic Effects of Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agents and Their Combinations with Injectable
Anatomy: The sella is a depression in the sphenoid bone that makes up part of the skull base located behind the eye sockets.
Pituitary Tumor Your doctor thinks you may have a pituitary tumor. Pituitary tumors are benign (non-cancerous) overgrowth of cells that make up the pituitary gland (the master gland that regulates other
Origin of Electrical Membrane Potential
Origin of Electrical Membrane Potential parti This book is about the physiological characteristics of nerve and muscle cells. As we shall see, the ability of these cells to generate and conduct electricity
The Endocrine System
The Endocrine System from The Human Body Systems Series catalog # 3254 Published & Distributed by AGC/UNITED LEARNING 1560 Sherman Avenue Suite 100 Evanston, IL 60201 1-800-323-9084 24-Hour Fax No. 847-328-6706
ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE BODY
ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE BODY DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS A. Organ a structure made up of two or more kinds of tissues organized in such a way that they can together perform a more complex function that can any
Brain & Mind. Bicester Community College Science Department
B6 Brain & Mind B6 Key Questions How do animals respond to changes in their environment? How is information passed through the nervous system? What can we learn through conditioning? How do humans develop
Chapter-21b: Hormones and Receptors
1 hapter-21b: Hormones and Receptors Hormone classes Hormones are classified according to the distance over which they act. 1. Autocrine hormones --- act on the same cell that released them. Interleukin-2