Wave types. Word Bank TYPES OF WAVE. Student Worksheet 1. Part 1. Transverse Waves. 1 Label the following diagram of a transverse wave:

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1 Student Worksheet 1 Wave types Part 1. Transverse Waves In a transverse wave, the vibrations move at right angles to the direction in which that the longitudinal wave is travelling. Word Bank Amplitude Compressions electromagnetic Frequency Longitudinal waves Oscillate Peaks Seismic waves Transverse waves Troughs Ultrasound Vibration Wave speed Wavelength If you lay a skipping rope on the ground and flick one end up and down rapidly, you will see a transverse wave moving down the length of the rope. The rope remains as it was after the wave has traveled along it; the wave has carried the energy from one place to another but it has not transferred any matter. 1 Label the following diagram of a transverse wave: Keywords: Amplitude Crest Trough Undisturbed position Wave length This wave is moving in this direction 1cm = 1m 2 Using your ruler, can you find out what the amplitude of this wave is in metres? 3 What is the wave length in metres? Part 2. Varying attributes of waves Now draw the following variations of illustration 1 in the spaces below: 1 Wave with reduced amplitude. 3 Wave with reduced wavelength. 2 Wave with increased frequency.

2 Student Worksheet 2 Describing waves what have you learnt so far? To recap on what you have learnt about waves so far, can you complete the blanks in the following sentences with the appropriate words and phrases that are listed at the bottom of the page? 1 Every wave has both peaks and troughs 2 Wavelength is defined as 3 The symbol for wavelength is 4 The amplitude of a wave vibration is the 5 Wave frequency is the number of complete waves that are given out per second The unit of frequency is. 6 Wavelength decreases with increased 7 depends on what the wave is travelling through (e.g. air, glass) 8 Examples of transverse waves are and. 9 A wave with higher frequency has a e.g. light waves 10 Different types of electromagnetic waves include and 11 Different types of longitudinal waves include and 12 The equation we use to calculate wave speed is. a b c d e f g h i j k l Light, water waves Maximum change of position from its undisturbed position Hertz Transverse Wave speed Sound and ultrasound The distance between any point on the wave and the same point on the next wave Frequency A shorter wavelength Wave speed = frequency x wavelength Radio waves and microwaves

3 Student Worksheet 3 Longitudinal Waves The vibrations in longitudinal waves move in the same direction as the wave is travelling. The particles don t travel down the whole wave. Particles move backwards and forwards from their starting positions. These vibrations cause energy to travel down the length of the wave. To help visualise a longitudinal wave, hold a long spring at one end with your partner holding the other end. Gather several coils of the spring towards yourself and let go, still holding on to the spring end. The energy you see moving down the spring is a longitudinal wave. Part 1 1 Label the following diagram of a longitudinal wave. 3 Label two points between which you could measure wavelength. 2 Mark the direction the wave is travelling in. 4 There are no crests or troughs on a longitudinal wave. How can the wavelength be measured? Keywords: Compression Wavelength Rarefaction This wave is moving in this direction Examples of longitudinal waves Both sound waves and ultrasound waves are examples of longitudinal waves. Ultrasound image of a baby in the womb How do sound waves work? As a sound wave moves from the lips of a speaker to the ear of a listener, particles of air vibrate back and forth away from and towards their destination. Each individual particle pushes on its neighbour, moving it forward. This back and forth motion of particles in the direction of energy transport creates regions where the particles are pressed together and other regions where the particles are spread apart. This process continues along the chain of particles until the sound wave reaches the ear of the listener.

4 Student Worksheet 4a Seismic waves An earthquake is the result of a sudden movement deep within the Earth s crust. At the Earth s surface, earthquakes usually take the form of shaking and / or movement of ground. An earthquake s focal point within the Earth s crust is called its hypocentre. The point at ground level directly above this is called the epicentre. To recap on what you have learnt about seismic waves so far, can you answer the following questions? 1 What is the name of the apparatus used to measure seismic waves? 2 What are the three types of waves that result from an earthquake? 3 Which are the most destructive kinds of waves? 4 Match the following properties to the correct P or S wave: Longitudinal Transverse Fast Slow Can travel through solid and liquid rock Can travel through solid rock only These waves are moving in this direction P WAVE Rarefactions S WAVE Compressions Wavelength Amplitude

5 Student Worksheet 4b Seismic waves (cont) 5 How does monitoring seismic images help us to understand how the world is made up? Epicentre P and S waves P and S waves Liquid outer core Solid inner core No P or S waves Mantle No P or S waves Crust P-waves No direct S - waves S-waves

6 Student Worksheet 5 How science works: Kashmir region Earthquake 2005 Kashmir is the north western region of the Indian subcontinent. Part of Kashmir is governed by Pakistan. On Saturday 8th October 2005, Pakistan-administered Kashmir was hit by a devastating earthquake. The earthquake registered around 7.6 on the Richter scale. Pakistani- Controlled Kashmir TURKMENISTAN TAJIKISTAN CHINA Indian Controlled Kashmir Kabul AFGHANISTAN Islamabad North IRAN PAKISTAN Delhi NEPAL UAE OMAN Gulf of Oman INDIA 0 500km 1 What do you think the primary impacts (the first and most major effects) of the earthquake would have been? 2 Although it was not one of the most powerful earthquakes that has ever taken place, a lot of people died in the incident in Pakistan-administered Kashmir. What features of the area do you think might have contributed to the high death rate? 3 Many international agencies and the British military were involved in the aid effort after the earthquake. What kind of aid and assistance do you think the British military would have been involved in providing?