CHIN ESE J OURNAL OF B IOMEDICAL EN GIN EERIN G April 2004

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1 : (2004) , 2, 3 1, (1., ;2., ; 3., ) : (positron emission tomography,pet),,, PET, 5 3,, 12h, SPM2 t,, PET : ; ; ; : R : A [1 ] PET, [2 ],,, [3, ], [4 ], PET (incentive value of stimulation), [5 ] PET,, 1min, PET, 5 6 (f unctional magnetic resonance imaging,fmri), fmri (echo planar image, EPI) 1 3s [6,7 ] fmri PET, EPI, fmri PET, fmri, 1 Vol. 23 No. 2 CHIN ESE J OURNAL OF B IOMEDICAL EN GIN EERIN G April 2004 : ; :

2 ,, 5,2,3, f RM I 10h, 6 8, f RM I (blood orygenation2level dependent,bold) 1. 2 ( Food-1 Food-30) 30 ( People-1 People-30) 30, Photoshop,, (Others-1 Others-30) 10,,, , f RM I, 9 BOLD, 2000 Presentation0. 53,, : :, 6 90s 3 24s (Block), ( Food) ( People) (Others) 18s (Rest), 5, 4. 8s 1 1 F : ; P : ;B : ;R 1 R 6 = 18s ; F,P,B = 24s ; 540s : 2, 36 20s 1 2s, 18s, 2, 1s, 16,18,20s, 2 : 2, 135 4s 1 500ms, 3500ms, 500ms, 1500ms 3500ms 5500ms, 3

3 2 : F : ; P : ;B : ;R 1 R 36 = 16,18,20s ; F,P,B = 2s ; 540s F : ;P : ;B : ; R 1 R 135 = 1500,3500,5500ms ;F,P,B = 500ms ; 540s 1. 5T Siemens MRI (single - shot) T2 3, BOLD, / ( THK) = 5. 0/ 1. 0mm, / / ( TR/ TE/ Flip) = 2000ms/ 50ms/ 90, (field of view,fov) = 220mm, (Matrix) = s 16 T1 3D ( TR/ TE/ Flip = 1900/ 3. 93/ 15 ; FOV = 250mm ; THK= 1. 3/ 0. 65mm ;Matrix = ), Talairach, T1 ( TR/ TE = 500/ 12ms ;FOV = 220mm ; THK= 5/ 1mm ;Matrix = ) 1. 5 SPM2 ( Statistical Parameter Mapping,SPM), [8, ] [9, SPM fmri ], ( Food - People Food - Others People - Others ) ROI t ROI food - people, ROI food - others,roi people - others, ROI, ROI, V food - people,v food - others,v people - others, 1. 6 PET, ROI food - people ROI food - others,,

4 130 23,, ( P < , 10 ) :ROI food - people ROI food - others ; :ROI people - others ; :V food - people / V food - others 1 ; :V people - others / V food - people V people - others / V food - others 2 Food - People Food - Others People - Others ( P = , 10) a 4c 4 a : Food - People, ;b : Food - Others, c : People - Others, 4a 4c,, :, a 5c 5 a : Food - People, ;b : Food - Others, c : People - Others,

5 2 : 131 5a 5c,, : a 6c 6 a : Food - People, ;b : Food - Others, c : People - Others, 6a 6c,, :, 3, [10,, ],, ( 4), first ignore rest block,,,,bold, f RM I,, ( 5) 36,,,, Bandettini Cox [11 ], f RM I ( stimulus du2 ration,sd) 2s, (inter - trial interval, ITI) 12 14s ; SD 2s, ITI (8 + 2 SD),,, ITI Pollmann ITI, ITI = 4s ITI = 12s, ITI = 6s BOLD [12 ] Dale [13 ] Burock [14 ] ITI, Olinger

6 [15 ] :, ITI : 1 2 TR, 3 4 TR Friston [17 ], fmri,,,,,, 135, 500ms, 1500ms 3500ms 5500ms ( 3), 0. 5s,,, ( 6),,,,,,,SPM,, f RM I f RM I,,,, PET 4 [ 1 ] Bechara A, Damasio H, Damasio AR, et al. Different contributions of the human amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex to decision2making[j ]. J Neurosci,1999,19 : [2 ] Rolls ET, Yaxley S, Sienkiewicz ZJ. Gustatory responses of single neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex of the macaque monkey [J ]. J Neurophysiol, 1990,64 : [3 ] LeDoux J E. Emotion circuits in the brain[j ]. Annu Rev Neurosci,2000,23 : [4 ] J S, Morris, RJ Dolanl. Involvement of Human Amygdala and Orbitofrontal Cortex in Hunger2Enhanced Memory for Food Stimuli[J ]. The Journal of Neuroscience, J uly 15,2001,21(4) : [5 ] Arana FS, Parkinson JA, et al. Dissociable contributions of the human amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex to incentive motiva2 tion and goal selection[j ]. The Journal of Neuroscience, 23(29) : ; OCT [ 6 ] McCarthy G, Luby M, Gore J C, et al. Functional magnetic resonance imaging in a visual oddball task[j ]. Neuroimage,1996, 3 :548. [7 ] Buckner RL, Bandettini PA, O Craven KM, et al. Detection of cortical activation during averaged single trials of a cognitive task using functional magnetic imaging[ R ]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1993,93 : [8 ] http :/ / www. fil. ion. ucl. ac. uk/ spm/ course/ [9 ] Friston KJ, Holmes AP, Poline JB, et al. Analysis of fmri time2series revisited[j ]. Neuroimage, 1995 (2) : [10 ] Frackowiak RSJ, Friston KJ. Methodology of activation paradigms. In : Boller F, Grafman J (eds) : Handbook of Neuropsy2 chology[ M ]. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science, 1995, [ 11 ] Bandettini PA, Cox RW. Event2Related fmri Contrast When Using Constant Interstimulus Interval[J ]. Theory and Experi2 ment Magnetic Resonance in Medicine,2000,43 : [12 ] Pollmann S, Wiggins CJ, Norris D G, et al. Use of short inter trial intervals in single2trial experiments : a 3 T fmri2study. Neuroimage[J ]. 1998,8 : [13 ] Dale AM, Buckner RL. Selective averaging of rapidly presented individual trials using fmri[j ]. Human Brain Mapping, 1997,5 : [14 ] Burock MA, Bukerner RL, Wolddoff M G, et al. Randomized event related experimental designs allows for extremely rapid

7 2 : 133 presentation rates using functional MRI[J ]. Neuroreport,1998,9 : [ 15 ] Ollinger J M, Corbetta M, Shulman GL. Separating processes within a trial in event2related functional MRI analysis[j ]. Neu2 roimage,2001,13 : [16 ] Friston KJ, Zarahn E, Josephs O, et al. Stochastic designs in event2related fmri[j ]. Neuroimage, 1999,10 : A STUDY ON THE VISUAL STIMULATIONS TASK MODAL ITIES FOR THE FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING TO THE HUMAN BRAIN RESPONSE TO FOOD N I Wan2dong 1, ZHAN G De2xuan 2, HAN Ji2sheng 3, L UO Shu2qian 1 (1. Biomedical Engineering Institute, Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing ; 2. Medical college, Hangzhou Teachers college, Hangzhou, ; 3. Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing ) Abstract : Many result s of posit ron emission tomograp hy experiment s have proved t hat t he responses in amygdala and orbitof rontal cortex are most related to t he food stimulation in human brain during fasting ; howev2 er, its slight injury to human body, low time resolution and high cost bring us a limitation to the further re2 search. Comparing with PET, fmri has the advantages of high time resolution, low cost and moreover, the da2 ta acquired by fmri can be processed and analysed in single case. Because of the visual stimuli task modality de2 sign for fmri method is usually much more complicated than the one for PET method and there are not yet e2 nough mature experiences can be used for reference, a preliminary study was carried out in this work. 5 healthy volunteers were divided into 3 groups which was respectively accepted t he modalities of block design, event2re2 lated design and fast event2related design. After fasting for 12 hours, t he subject s accepted t he visual stimuli by the randomly presented pictures of food, non2food and blurs objects while being fmri scanned. The functional data was processed with software SPM2. Using a t2test to the contrasted ROIs (regions of interesting, ROI) a2 mong the regions activated respectively by food picture blur picture and non2food picture, it was found that the ROIs acquired by the event related modality visual task were much more matched to the ROIs acquired by PET than the ROIs acquired by the other two kinds of modalities. Therefore, it is suggested that the event related modality is the fittest one for fmri research. Key words : fmri ; Amygdala ; Orbitofrontal cortex ; Event related design

Figure 1 Typical BOLD response to a brief stimulus.

Figure 1 Typical BOLD response to a brief stimulus. Temporal BOLD Characteristics and Non-Linearity Douglas C. Noll, Alberto Vazquez Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Introduction While many early neuroimaging studies