Compressed Air System Maintenance: Achieving Maximum Performance with Minimal Investment

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Compressed Air System Maintenance: Achieving Maximum Performance with Minimal Investment"

Transcription

1 Compressed Air System Maintenance: Achieving Maximum Performance with Minimal Investment Ultrasound World III Clearwater Beach, Florida November 5-8, 2006

2 COMPARISON OF COSTS ELECTRIC vs. AIR MOTOR Approx. $200/year Power Cost Approx. $1,500/year Power Cost * Air motors require about 7hp of compressor capacity or 27-30cfm per hp output. Based on 5,000 hours/year at $0.05/kWh

3 Why is Compressed Air so Inefficient? Less than 20% of input energy available for work Pressure drops and regulators reduce useable energy Typical air tool has typical 12-15% overall efficiency

4 A How Much?!?! A Question of Initial $0.06/kwh, a single stage rotary screw compressor costs about $10,000/year per 100 cfm to operate!

5 A How Much?!?! A Question of Initial Cost When selecting a compressor, the following should be taken into consideration: What is the total cost of ownership? What type of controls will best suit my operation? Two stage compressors will likely save money in the long run.

6 Plant Air Compressor Deliveries Design vs. Actual 5.0 to 5.3 cfm/hp H/D 2 Stage Water Cooled Recips. 4.5 to 5.0 cfm/hp Multistage Centrifs. 2 Stage Rotary Screw Higher Speed 2 Stage Recips to 4.5 cfm/hp Low Rotor Speed Single Stage Oil Flooded Screw 4.0 to 4.25 cfm/hp Most Single Stage Oil Flooded Screw 3.5 to 3.8 cfm/hp 80% of compressors at 230 BC Hydro and Ontario Hydro Customers had delivery I this range on compressors with modulating air inlet controls.

7 Plant Air Compressor Deliveries Design vs. Actual What Price is Efficiency? 5.25 cfm/hp $40,000 per year Difference 3.5 cfm/hp * Based on 8500 hours per year and $0.05/kWh and $7 / kw

8

9 Matching Compressors to Production Demands How does your facility stack up? Operating multiple rotary screw or centrifugal compressors, ALL featuring some form of inlet throttle modulating control. When production ends and maintenance takes over, are compressors just left running? No means of compressor performance testing. Output is assumed based on power draw or referencing OEM curves. Addressing air leaks is not a priority because of lack of manpower, lack of education, or attitude that leaks are not a high concern. Mentality is evident that air is free, it is used for menial applications such as blowing dust or water off of product, machine bearing cooling, optical scanning equipment cleaning, cooling personnel, etc.

10 Matching Compressors to Production Demands How does your facility stack up? THIS IS WHERE YOU WANT TO BE! Multiple compressor installation under control of a programmed PLC sequencer or equivalent. Air Leak monitoring is part of PM (Preventive Maintenance) program and maintenance and planning departments see that leaks get monthly attention and the process has ACCOUNTABILITY. Performance under load tests are utilized to measure actual compressor performance to confirm compressors are producing rated air and controls are allowing proper delivery of air into the system. Heatless desiccant air dryer purging is under full control of a RELIABLE dew point monitoring system.

11 An Example of Multiple Compressor Sequencing A 400 hp A 400 hp A 400 hp A 400 hp B 250 hp 125 hp C B 250 hp 125 hpc B 250 hp 125 hpc B 250 hp 125 hp C Current Operation: Time Days/Week Required Flow Leak Volume Compressors On 1st Shift 5 2,500-2, A & B & C 2nd Shift 5 2,000-2, A & B 3rd Shift B Weekends 53% of the 2time there is little 400or no air use400 in the system C Leak costs: 400cfm is roughly equivalent to 100hp which over a year will cost: 100hp *.746kW/hp * 8760 hrs/yr * $.06/kWh = $39,200 per year

12 An Example of Multiple Compressor Sequencing A 400 hp A 400 hp A 400 hp A 400 hp B 250 hp 125 hp C B 250 hp 125 hpc B 250 hp 125 hpc B 250 hp 125 hp C Current Operation: Time Days/Week Required Flow Leak Volume Compressors On 1st Shift 5 2,500-2, A & B & C 2nd Shift 5 2,000-2, A & B 3rd Shift B Weekends C Annual Electric Energy Cost: $109,781

13 An Example of Multiple Compressor Sequencing A 400 hp A 400 hp A 400 hp A 400 hp B 250 hp 125 hp C B 250 hp 125 hpc B 250 hp 125 hpc B 250 hp 125 hp C Recommendations: Repair Half of the System Leaks Install Dedicated compressor (5hp) for Sprinkler System Install PLC Multi-compressor Sequencer ~ $3,500

14 An Example of Multiple Compressor Sequencing A 400 hp A 400 hp A 400 hp A 400 hp B 250 hp 125 hp C B 250 hp 125 hp C B 250 hp 125 hp C B 250 hp 125 hp C Proposed Operation: Time Days/Week Required Flow Leak Volume Compressors On 1st Shift 5 2,300-2, A & B 2nd Shift 5 1,800-2, A & C 3rd Shift C Weekends None Annual Electric Energy Cost: $80,687

15 An Example of Multiple Compressor Sequencing Current Operation: $109,781 Time Days/Week Required Flow Leak Volume Compressors On 1st Shift 5 2,500-2, A & B & C 2nd Shift 5 2,000-2, A & B 3rd Shift B Weekends C Proposed Operation: $80,687 Time Days/Week Required Flow Leak Volume Compressors On 1st Shift 5 2,300-2, A & B 2nd Shift 5 1,800-2, A & C 3rd Shift C Weekends None Energy Savings = $ 29,094

16 Compressed Air Flow Volumes for Various Sized Orifices In reality, you will probably never come across a perfect, round, sharp edged orifice leak anywhere in your plant facility. Leaks occur in joints, couplings, slits or gashes in pipes and lines, and other types of fittings. Thus, the tables presented here can only be used as a guideline.

17 Common Air Leaks and Misapplication Optical scanning equipment clean off use small blower Air hoses loose or frayed clamps Air lances and fittings Pressurized computer and electrical rooms/panels Belt cleaning use a small blower Cooling machinery bearings- use a fan Worn cylinder packing, O rings, faulty PR valves or broken diaphragms, bleed off vent holes in valves.

18 Tracking Compressed Air Leakage Target Leak Volume CompressedAir Leakage (cfm) Rolling Average Even with consistent program leaks will reoccur

19 Summary Table of Testing Results Compressor Compressor Expected flow(cfm) Actual peak flow(cfm) Location hp and pressure and pressure Main Mill Comp. Room 350 Main Mill Comp. Room 300 psig Stacker/Sorter 150 psig Planer 100 psig Totals 900 3,600 3,105 Note: Compressorsare underperforming by1600cfm-equiv. to 400hp compressor Summary Table of Air Leak Test Results Leak Volume %of Equivalent LeakLocations (cfm) Peak Flow Compressor hp Main Mill % 191 Reman Operation % 128 Sorter 0 0% 0 Stacker % 45 Planer % 65 Totals 1,485 48% 430 Note: Half of the compressed air produced is being lost directly to atmosphere with no useful work being done!

20 Sawmill Example. Cost of CompressedAir Annual Loaded Unloaded Hours of %of Time Annual Cost of energy Cost of Demand Total Cost Compressor kw kw Operation $5.43/kW of electricity Sorter/Stacker % 786,250 $ 30,349 $ 6,516 $ 36,865 Planer % 618,694 $ 23,882 $ 4,806 $ 28,687 Main Mill 300hp % 1,797,750 $ 69,393 $ 14,140 $ 83,533 Main Mill 350hp % 2,256,750 $ 87,111 $ 17,789 $ 104,899 Totals 5,459,444 $ 210,735 $ 43,250 $ 253,984 Sawmill Example. Leak Analysis and Achievable Savings Current kwh to kwh Cost Acceptable kwh Savings kwh Cost Savings Compressor %of Leaks Leaks of Leaks %of Leaks Achievable Achievable Sorter/Stacker 30% 255,000 $ 9,843 10% 170,000 $ 6,562 Planer 65% 407,469 $ 15,728 10% 344,781 $ 13,309 Main Mill 300hp 49% 903,805 $ 34,887 15% 627,130 $ 24,207 Main Mill 350hp 49% 1,137,045 $ 43,890 15% 788,970 $ 30,454 Totals 2,703,319 $ 104,348 1,930,881 $ 74,532

21 Performance Testing an Air Compressor Using the LP Load Flow Meter, to determine compressor performance: Isolate compressor from system Open meter orifices until compressor can just keep up at test pressure Open and close valves to test at other pressure/flow combinations

22 Leak Testing an Air System 1. Perform a compressor capacity test at system pressure 2. Pressurize the System without plant operating 3. Perform a second flow test at the same system pressure 4. The difference in measured flow volumes is the leak volume in the system Provides very accurate leak quantities which can be converted into annual costs. Any equipment or segemnt of the system thhat can be isolaed can be tested Focus maintenance efforts to areas of high leaks Other Applications: Check leaking block valves, leak test underground pipe, and check complex piping or process for total leak volume.

23 Testing Purge Volume on a Desiccant Dryer Purge cycle on a desiccant dryer can be tested just as if it were a leak. Procedure: 1. Perform standard performance test with dryer isolated (or bypassed) 2. Put dryer into purge mode and perform a second test 3. The difference in measured flow volume at the meter is the purge volume Any piece of equipment or process which can be isolated can be tested Typical purge volumes: 15-17% for heatless dryers 4-8% for heated regenerative dryers.

24 Performance Curves Modulating valve prematurely throttling

25 Performance Test - Theory Vs. Reality 325 cfm

26 Inlet Throttle Control

27 Modulating Air Inlet Controls

28 Modulating Control Valve Cutaway Dirt, oil, water, or other contaminants can foul the valve causing pre-mature modulation

29 Constant Speed Centrifugal Compressor Centrifugal Compressor Diagram Centrifugal Compressor Performance Curve Check Valve Air Flow Measurement 100% Surge Limit Constant Speed Drive Vent Valve to Atmosphere Air Inlet Discharge Pressure 0% Blow Off Range Capacity (ICFM) Throttle Range 100%

30 Centrifugal Instrumentation Inlet, outlet, and inter-stage temperatures and pressures are the quickest method to determine compressor health. Gauges or control points should be installed and monitored for : Air and water temperature Air and water pressure Power consumption (amps, kw, kwh) Flow Make sure gauges or control points: 1. Exist 2. Calibrated regularly 3. Accessible 4. Logged (maintenance sheets or datalog)

31 Commonly Found Centrifugal Compressor Problems Moisture Carryover - Improper moisture removal by trap - Leak in intercooler Electrical - Improper motor grounding - Residual magnetism (static) - Welding (improper ground) Improperly set clearances High Vibration - Unmatched rotor assemblies - Shaft Misalignment - Worn or damaged bearings Ingestion of particles - Surge induced - Poor filtration

32 Performance Diagnostics: Examples from the Field 1. Nuclear Power Plant Centrifugal compressor testing Surging problem blamed on compressor traced to stuck valve on dryer Saved critical equipment downtime and 2 man weeks of labor 2. Pet Food Company Previous air study recommended expensive modifications Testing revealed serious deficiencies in compressors performance After repairs (~$920), intermediate control project was cancelled ($15,000 cost) 3. Sawmill Operation 300hp Compressor tested at 60% of rated flow 4 hours of maintenance found coil spring problem Output increased 47% 4. Wood Products Plant 50 hp at 211 cfm, 75 hp at 160cfm 16kW in energy savings at a zero implementation cost Knowledge is power - be a TYRANT. The more you know about your compressor operation, the quicker you can solve the root problems!

33 Sample Project Savings Improvements do not need to be expensive. Operations and maintenance savings can amount to 50% or more of project savings. From experience, most facilities do not need expensive new equipment, they just need to make the equipment and system they have work correctly.

34 Desiccant Dryer Overview Prefilter - removes dirt, oil, and water Dryer Removes water vapor After Filter Removes fines to protect the system from contamination Oil contamination reduces the effectiveness of desiccant to adsorb water. Oil contamination increases chances of fire hazard

35 Drain Trap Types Timer Drains Open based on time and duration Waste energy by blowing air Float Traps Use float to open valve No air loss Maintenance concerns Inductive Traps Use inductive sensor No air loss Higher reliability Higher cost Can include alarms

36 Receiver Placement in Compressor Rooms Compressor - Receiver - Dryer? Compressor - Dryer - Receiver?

37 Locating and Sizing Air Receivers Receiver helps smooth out demand and allows compressors to react to changes in Demand. Essentially to give the system capacitance. One receiver should be located in or near the compressor room. As a Rule of Thumb, receiver volume should be at least 5% of total compressor(s) output in cu. ft. Locate receivers in the plant at high use locations. This will help resolve local pressure/velocity issues and help reduce the overall pressure setpoint. Receive r Receive r

38 Air Piping Considerations Pressure Drop Rule of Thumb - Max. 3 psig drop between supply point of use. High Air Velocities undersized piping = high velocity and high pressure drop. Rule of thumb = velocity should be under 10,000 /minute (5-7,000 better). Velocity = CFM*144/Pipe Area Corrective actions include: 1. Increase the section of undersized piping 2. Install an air receiver at the point of air usage. Pipe Diameter vs. Flow If you double the pipe diameter, the cross sectional area will increase by 4 times. *** Use long radius elbows and Y connections

39 Air Piping Considerations Maintenance Consideration Blow out scale periodically. Open a large valve and purge air system every 6 months for an hour. 1. Less particulate load on filters 2. Air dryer may be bypassed during flushing Loop Piping Where possible use loop piping layout instead of branch layout. The loop system will often result in a more stable system air pressure. Comp.

40 Air Piping Considerations Maintenance Consideration Blow out scale periodically. Open a large valve and purge air system every 6 months for an hour. 1. Less particulate load on filters 2. Air dryer may be bypassed during flushing Loop Piping Where possible use loop piping layout instead of branch layout. The loop system will often result in a more stable system air pressure. Note: Increasing the system setpoint pressure to compensate for other deficiencies is NOT the way to go.

41 Reasons for High Oil Carryover AIR PRESSURE : low pressure air holds more liquid (oil or water) 1. Demand exceeds compressor delivery output, 2. Compressors with load/no load control where unload pressure is too low 3. High air velocity due to dirty separator element. TEMPERATURE : 1. Over cooled compressor can have saturated air entering separator. 2. Can lead to water condensation with cooling affect through separator. 3. This condition can be accentuated with a dirty separator filter.

42 Energy Efficient Alternative Solutions to Common Air Uses Specialty Regulators Pilot regulators on a receiver for low pressure applications. Receiver charged at line pressure, flow controlled for low pressure applications. Blowers Low pressure, high volume: as little as 3 psig can be affective Dust/debris removal Drying Vortex Amplifiers blast or jet of air: entrain ambient air with compressed air. 20:1 amplification possible Spot cooling Dust removal Air assist Boosters Limited volume at higher pressure pressure Can use line pressure or ambient air Process Air assist Air jet

43 Thank You! Questions?

Energy Efficiency Best Practice Guide Compressed Air Systems

Energy Efficiency Best Practice Guide Compressed Air Systems 4 Energy Efficiency Best Practice Guide Contents 1 Introduction 4 2 What are the business benefits of compressed air efficiency? 5 3 What is your opportunity? 6 4 Solution 1 Improve the efficiency of your

More information

HYDRYER TYPE P Heat Regenerative Dryers ISO 9001 CERTIFIED

HYDRYER TYPE P Heat Regenerative Dryers ISO 9001 CERTIFIED HYDRYER TYPE P Heat Regenerative Dryers ISO 9001 CERTIFIED General Air Type P Hydryer Heat Regenerative Systems Introduction General Air Type P Hydryers are electric heat regenerative dryers, designed

More information

Table V. Troubleshooting Checklist for Refrigeration Systems. Air or non-condensable gas in system. Inlet water warm.

Table V. Troubleshooting Checklist for Refrigeration Systems. Air or non-condensable gas in system. Inlet water warm. Table V Troubleshooting Checklist for Refrigeration Systems TROUBLE POSSIBLE CAUSE CORRECTIVE MEASURE High condensing pressure. Low condensing pressure. Air or non-condensable gas in system. Inlet water

More information

CPX/HT Series. REFRIGERATED AND HIGH TEMPERATURE DRYER 12 to 2400 CFM. High-performance products. Designed for you!

CPX/HT Series. REFRIGERATED AND HIGH TEMPERATURE DRYER 12 to 2400 CFM. High-performance products. Designed for you! CPX/HT Series REFRIGERATED AND HIGH TEMPERATURE DRYER 12 to 2400 CFM High-performance products. Designed for you! COMPRESSED AIR WATER CONTAMINATION Atmospheric air contains water in vapor form in different

More information

Compressed Air Systems

Compressed Air Systems Efficiency Vermont Guide to Savings Helping Vermont businesses save energy and money Compressed Air Systems 888-921-5990 www.efficiencyvermont.com 1 Save money and optimize system performance Air compressors

More information

Kompressoren. Adsorption Dryer AD

Kompressoren. Adsorption Dryer AD Kompressoren Adsorption Dryer AD Adsorption Drying: why? Modern industries require compressed air that is increasingly filtered with low dew point and condensate. Today, the equipment is more sophisticated

More information

USING KPI S FOR PEAK EFFICIENCY

USING KPI S FOR PEAK EFFICIENCY USING KPI S FOR PEAK EFFICIENCY By Ron Marshall for the Compressed Air Challenge cpfor many industrial sites the only indicator of compressed air performance is the big old pressure gauge right outside

More information

BOEING CANADA WINNIPEG RECOGNIZED FOR COMPRESSED AIR PROJECT

BOEING CANADA WINNIPEG RECOGNIZED FOR COMPRESSED AIR PROJECT 0 7 / 1 4 SUSTAINABLE MANUFACTURING FEATURES BOEING CANADA WINNIPEG RECOGNIZED FOR COMPRESSED AIR PROJECT By Ron Marshall for the Compressed Air Challenge Boeing Canada Winnipeg (BCW) has been recognized

More information

ON-VEHICLE INSPECTION

ON-VEHICLE INSPECTION Sight Glass I11244 ONVEHICLE INSPECTION 1. INSPECT REFRIGERANT VOLUME Observe the sight glass on the liquid tube. AC3 AC22F05 Test conditions: Running engine at 1,500 rpm Blower speed control switch: HI

More information

Externally Heated Desiccant Compressed Air Dryers PNEUMATIC PRODUCTS. PHD Series. pneumaticproducts-spx.com

Externally Heated Desiccant Compressed Air Dryers PNEUMATIC PRODUCTS. PHD Series. pneumaticproducts-spx.com PNEUMATIC PRODUCTS pneumaticproducts-spx.com Externally Heated Desiccant Compressed Air Dryers PHD Series PHD Series Dryers Reduce Purge Air Energy Costs PHD Series Dryers Reduce Purge Air Energy Costs

More information

TABLE OF CONTENTS. SECTION 1 General Information: Pg 2 Description of Operation

TABLE OF CONTENTS. SECTION 1 General Information: Pg 2 Description of Operation GTRDD SERIES HEATLESS DRYER INSTALLATION, OPERATION & MAINTENANCE MANUAL TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1 General Information: Pg 2 Description of Operation SECTION 2 Safety Instructions: Pg 3 Installation

More information

Compressor Service & Maintenance Manual

Compressor Service & Maintenance Manual Compressor Service & Maintenance Manual C Series COMPRESSOR (D)C1103 (D)C1203 (D)C2106 (D)C2206 (D)C3210 Copyright 2006 DCI. All Rights Reserved. 92311, Rev. C, 08/13 1 C1000 Series Service & Maintenance

More information

Why and How we Use Capacity Control

Why and How we Use Capacity Control Why and How we Use Capacity Control On refrigeration and air conditioning applications where the load may vary over a wide range, due to lighting, occupancy, product loading, ambient weather variations,

More information

Medical Air Systems: Scroll

Medical Air Systems: Scroll GENERAL The Chemetron skid mount scroll medical air system is designed to provide medical breathing air for hospital and medical institutions. This system meets NFPA 99 requirements for Level 1 breathing

More information

Pump Maintenance - Repair

Pump Maintenance - Repair Pump Maintenance - Repair Brian Trombly Mo Droppers Cummins Bridgeway, Gaylord, Mi The basic centrifugal pump consists of two main elements: 1. The rotating element which includes an impeller and a shaft.

More information

Compressed air systems. How to plan, install and operate. Best Practices for Maintenance Management

Compressed air systems. How to plan, install and operate. Best Practices for Maintenance Management electronically REPRINTED FROM APRIL 2013 Best Practices for Maintenance Management If a shop builds and operates its compressed air system to avoid common problems including inadequate flow, leaks and

More information

On request of Akzo Nobel Dynamo Project Team we ve surveyed the energy efficiency of the compressed air system in the Barcelona Deco & A/AS plant.

On request of Akzo Nobel Dynamo Project Team we ve surveyed the energy efficiency of the compressed air system in the Barcelona Deco & A/AS plant. Postbus 9058 6070 AB Swalmen (NL) Akzo Nobel Car Refinishes S.L./Coatings S.L. Att. Mr. Cesar Franch Tel. +31(0)77-7676276 Fax +31(0)77-7676286 e.mail info@ants-tech.nl website www.ants-tech.nl cesar.franch@akzonobel.com

More information

Centrifugal Fans and Pumps are sized to meet the maximum

Centrifugal Fans and Pumps are sized to meet the maximum Fans and Pumps are sized to meet the maximum flow rate required by the system. System conditions frequently require reducing the flow rate. Throttling and bypass devices dampers and valves are installed

More information

It will be available soon as an 8.5 X 11 paperback. For easier navigation through the e book, use the table of contents.

It will be available soon as an 8.5 X 11 paperback. For easier navigation through the e book, use the table of contents. The System Evaluation Manual and Chiller Evaluation Manual have been revised and combined into this new book; the Air Conditioning and Refrigeration System Evaluation Guide. It will be available soon as

More information

Basic Hydraulics and Pneumatics

Basic Hydraulics and Pneumatics Basic Hydraulics and Pneumatics Module 1: Introduction to Pneumatics PREPARED BY IAT Curriculum Unit March 2011 Institute of Applied Technology, 2011 ATM 1122 Basic Hydraulics and Pneumatics Module 1:

More information

EnviroAire Series. 15kW 110kW Oil-Less Rotary Screw Compressors ILLESS

EnviroAire Series. 15kW 110kW Oil-Less Rotary Screw Compressors ILLESS EnviroAire Series 15kW 110kW Oil-Less Rotary Screw Compressors ILLESS 2 Gardner Denver Oil-Less Rotary Screw Compressors A Diverse Range of Industries Industries, both large and small, rely on Gardner

More information

Hydraulic Troubleshooting PRESENTED BY

Hydraulic Troubleshooting PRESENTED BY Hydraulic Troubleshooting PRESENTED BY NORMAN KRONOWITZ Introduction Welcome to the CMA/Flodyne/Hydradyne s Hydraulic Troubleshooting presentation. We will introduce many aspects of troubleshooting hydraulic

More information

ENERGY AUDIT REPORT MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS

ENERGY AUDIT REPORT MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS ENERGY AUDIT REPORT MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS Energy Audit Reports must contain the following: 1) Eligibility Criteria: a) Evidence demonstrating that the Eligibility Criteria were met. 2) Participant Information:

More information

Chapter 7 Hydraulic System Troubleshooting

Chapter 7 Hydraulic System Troubleshooting Chapter 7 Hydraulic System Troubleshooting General The following troubleshooting information is provided as a general guide to identify, locate and correct problems that may be experienced with the hydraulic

More information

Condensate Treatment Solutions. CTS Series Eliminator II Oil-Water Separators

Condensate Treatment Solutions. CTS Series Eliminator II Oil-Water Separators Condensate Treatment Solutions CTS Series Eliminator II Oil-Water Separators 2 Condensate Treatment Solutions A Cleaner Environment & Reduced Disposal Costs Compressed air is compressed and discharged

More information

ThermoSorb Desiccant Dryers

ThermoSorb Desiccant Dryers ThermoSorb Desiccant Dryers Sierra Why dry compressed air? Contamination reduces efficiency The air we breathe contains contamination in the form of water vapour and airborne particles. During the compression

More information

Mechanical Seal Piping Plans

Mechanical Seal Piping Plans Mechanical Seal Piping Plans Single Seals plans 01, 02, 03, 11, 13, 14, 21, 23, 31, 32, 41 Dual Seals plans 52, 53A, 53B, 53C, 54, 55 Quench Seals plans 62, 65A, 65B, 66A, 66B Gas Seals plans 72, 74, 75,

More information

Overview. Introduction Cooling Tower Basics Principles of Operation Types of Cooling Towers Common Applications Design Considerations

Overview. Introduction Cooling Tower Basics Principles of Operation Types of Cooling Towers Common Applications Design Considerations Stephen Lowe ASHRAE Hampton Roads Chapter Past President AECOM Design Mechanical Engineering Discipline Manager, Virginia Beach Division Professional Engineer Commonwealth of Virginia, NCEES BSME University

More information

Screw Compressors ESM 30 132 Fixed Speed & VS 30 132 Variable Speed

Screw Compressors ESM 30 132 Fixed Speed & VS 30 132 Variable Speed Screw Compressors ESM 30 132 Fixed Speed & VS 30 132 Variable Speed Rely on GD to provide the perfect fit The perfect fit to maximise productivity The growing industrial demand for compressed air requires

More information

Engineering Recommendation on: Accumulators Revised 6-17-99 Issued January 10, 1979 Page 1 of 7

Engineering Recommendation on: Accumulators Revised 6-17-99 Issued January 10, 1979 Page 1 of 7 Issued January 10, 1979 Page 1 of 7 Accumulators have long been recognized by the industry as an effective means of maintaining good system balance by storing excess refrigerant as the condenser or evaporator

More information

Float and Thermostatic Traps Series H, C and X

Float and Thermostatic Traps Series H, C and X Hoffman Specialty Installation & Maintenance Instructions HS-(E) and Thermostatic Traps Series H, C and X Series C & NPT Series C NPT Series X NPT Series C NPT Series H Ratings Maximum Max. Operating NPT

More information

Standard Hydraulic Piping Flushing Procedure

Standard Hydraulic Piping Flushing Procedure Page 1 of 6 1.0 Scope This procedure covers the minimum technical requirements for cleaning and flushing of Hydraulic and Piping, and related accessories. 2.0 Introduction In hydraulic fluid power systems,

More information

CONTAMINANT REMOVAL FROM CENTRIFUGAL SYSTEMS

CONTAMINANT REMOVAL FROM CENTRIFUGAL SYSTEMS CONTAMINANT REMOVAL FROM CENTRIFUGAL SYSTEMS BULLETIN 240-10-3 June 2004 Supersedes June 1983 Many centrifugal systems get little maintenance. As a result they operate with the refrigerant highly contaminated

More information

Rotary screw compressors kw 5,5 7,5 11 15 18,5 22 30 bar 8 10 13 15 MODULO

Rotary screw compressors kw 5,5 7,5 11 15 18,5 22 30 bar 8 10 13 15 MODULO Rotary screw compressors kw 5,5 7,5 11 15 18,5 22 30 bar 8 10 13 15 MODULO The sum of technology TriAB Air ends The BALMA screw compressors are fitted with the unique TriAB air ends that are designed and

More information

COMPRESSED AIR ULTRASONIC LEAK DETECTION GUIDE

COMPRESSED AIR ULTRASONIC LEAK DETECTION GUIDE COMPRESSED AIR ULTRASONIC LEAK DETECTION GUIDE COMPRESSOR ROOM INTAKE FILTER AIR COMPRESSOR AFTERCOOLER MOISTURE SEPARATOR RECEIVER MAIN FILTER SECONDARY FILTERS AND LUBRICATORS V 1406R Increased Productivity

More information

Cooking at the Speed of light!

Cooking at the Speed of light! Cooking at the Infrared Cooking & Colouring Infrabaker is a modular infrared continuous cooking system developed by Infrabaker International. The machine is designed to cook and/or put colour on a wide

More information

Why is my air conditioner dripping on my customers?

Why is my air conditioner dripping on my customers? De-Mystifying HVAC Why is my air conditioner dripping on my customers? By Ron Prager One of the most frequent emergency service requests is a call for an air conditioner leaking water into the store. These

More information

HR Heated HB Blower. Smart Solutions for Drying Compressed Air. Dual Tower Heat Reactivated Desiccant Air Dryer

HR Heated HB Blower. Smart Solutions for Drying Compressed Air. Dual Tower Heat Reactivated Desiccant Air Dryer Smart Solutions for Drying Compressed Air Dual Tower Heat Reactivated Desiccant Air Dryer HR Heated HB Blower 800.943.794 www.engineeredairproducts.com Engineered Air Products Moisture in compressed air

More information

CDS TROUBLESHOOTING SECTION I. VACUUM. 1.0. Weak vacuum at wand. Gauge reads normal (10hg to 14hg)

CDS TROUBLESHOOTING SECTION I. VACUUM. 1.0. Weak vacuum at wand. Gauge reads normal (10hg to 14hg) CDS TROUBLESHOOTING SECTION I. VACUUM 1.0. Weak vacuum at wand. Gauge reads normal (10hg to 14hg) 1.1. Clogged hoses or wand tube. Disconnect hoses and carefully check for an obstruction. 1.2. Excessive

More information

GLYCOL CHILLER SYSTEM TROUBLESHOOTING 101

GLYCOL CHILLER SYSTEM TROUBLESHOOTING 101 GLYCOL CHILLER SYSTEM TROUBLESHOOTING 101 By Jim VanderGiessen Jr, Pro Refrigeration Inc. There is a good chance your glycol chiller system is often completely forgotten about, until that dreaded day you

More information

A Guide to Trouble-Free Cooling Towers

A Guide to Trouble-Free Cooling Towers A Guide to Trouble-Free Cooling Towers A basic understanding of cooling tower operation and maintenance will help keep a cooling water system running in top condition, year after year By David M. Suptic

More information

Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration (HVACR)

Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration (HVACR) Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration (HVACR) I. Demonstrate safety skills in typical HVACR work situations to NATE Core Installer Knowledge Areas for Technician Excellence for Safety

More information

Troubleshooting HVAC/R systems using refrigerant superheat and subcooling

Troubleshooting HVAC/R systems using refrigerant superheat and subcooling Troubleshooting HVAC/R systems using refrigerant superheat and subcooling Application Note Troubleshooting and servicing refrigeration and air conditioning systems can be a challenging process for both

More information

Example. Fluid Power. Circuits

Example. Fluid Power. Circuits Example Fluid Power Circuits To Enhance Symbol Reading Skills To Work On Circuit Reading Skills With Answers HI LO Pump Circuit 18 A1 B1 17 16 15 13 Set 14 2,000 PSI PG2 Set 500 PSI 12 11 7 8 10 PG1 9

More information

Kompressoren. Oil Water Separators OWS

Kompressoren. Oil Water Separators OWS Kompressoren Oil Water Separators OWS Removal Of Contaminants in Compressed Air Condensate. Atmospheric air contains large amounts of water vapour and dust particles. These contaminants are mixed with

More information

HEATER, AIR CONDITIONING AND VENTILATION

HEATER, AIR CONDITIONING AND VENTILATION 55-1 GROUP 55 HEATER, AIR CONDITIONING AND VENTILATION CONTENTS GENERAL DESCRIPTION 55-2 HEATER AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM 55-4 HEATER CONTROL 55-6 A/C-ECU 55-7 A/C COMPRESSOR 55-9 CONDENSER 55-9 DUCT

More information

01-3 6820-11 6820-11 AIR CONDITIONER GENERAL 1. SPECIFICATIONS AIR CONDITIONER REXTON 2010.01

01-3 6820-11 6820-11 AIR CONDITIONER GENERAL 1. SPECIFICATIONS AIR CONDITIONER REXTON 2010.01 682011 013 GENERAL 1. SPECIFICATIONS 682011 014 682011 2. REPAIR INSTRUCTIONS 1) Precautions for Working with R134a R12 refrigerant and R134a refrigerant are not compatible. These refrigerants must never

More information

DESIGN, OPERATION, AND MAINTENANCE CONSIDERATIONS FOR IMPROVED DRY GAS SEAL RELIABILITY IN CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS

DESIGN, OPERATION, AND MAINTENANCE CONSIDERATIONS FOR IMPROVED DRY GAS SEAL RELIABILITY IN CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS DESIGN, OPERATION, AND MAINTENANCE CONSIDERATIONS FOR IMPROVED DRY GAS SEAL RELIABILITY IN CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS by John S. Stahley Manager, Product Service Engineering Dresser-Rand Company Olean, New

More information

Adsorption air dryers ADS 1 215

Adsorption air dryers ADS 1 215 Adsorption air dryers ADS 25 INDUSTRY CUSTOMER SERVICE COMPRESSED AIR AIR INTAKE 20 C 70% UR 760 mm Hg 2 grh 2 O/m 3 AIR PRESSURE 0 bar COOLING SYSTEM 30 C 00% UR 0 bar 2,8 grh 2 O/m 3 A compressor that

More information

TOPIC: 191004 KNOWLEDGE: K1.01 [3.3/3.5] Which one of the following contains indications of cavitation in an operating centrifugal pump?

TOPIC: 191004 KNOWLEDGE: K1.01 [3.3/3.5] Which one of the following contains indications of cavitation in an operating centrifugal pump? KNOWLEDGE: K1.01 [3.3/3.5] P21 Which one of the following contains indications of cavitation in an operating centrifugal pump? A. Low flow rate with low discharge pressure. B. Low flow rate with high discharge

More information

Fire Pump Plan Review March 2010

Fire Pump Plan Review March 2010 Fire Pump Plan Review March 2010 Date of Review: / / Permit Number: Business/Building Name: Address of Project: Designer Name: Designer s Phone: Contractor: Contractor s Phone: Occupancy Classification:

More information

Compressors Buying Guide

Compressors Buying Guide Compressors Buying Guide Below is a copy of a booklet which will help you make a compressor purchase! Included is information on... Horse Power (HP) Pressure (PSI) Cubic Feet Per Minute (CFM) Tank Sizes

More information

A/C refrigerant system, overview

A/C refrigerant system, overview Page 1 of 19 87-18 A/C refrigerant system, overview A/C refrigerant system, identification Typical A/C refrigerant system with expansion valve and receiver drier 1 - Evaporator 2 - Expansion valve 3 -

More information

System Saver 318 Air Compressor for Mack E-Tech and ASET Engines

System Saver 318 Air Compressor for Mack E-Tech and ASET Engines Maintenance Manual 31 System Saver 318 Air Compressor for Mack E-Tech and ASET Engines Revised 08-05 NON-THROUGH DRIVE THROUGH DRIVE Service Notes About This Manual This manual provides service and repair

More information

Table Z. Troubleshooting Chart for Air Conditioners. Cause

Table Z. Troubleshooting Chart for Air Conditioners. Cause Troubleshooting Chart for Air Conditioners Type of Unit Complaint Cause With open-type compressor Electric motor will not start Power failure Check circuit for power source Compressor stuck Locate cause

More information

Evaluate, Clean, and Tune Guidance

Evaluate, Clean, and Tune Guidance Evaluate, Clean, and Tune Guidance The Evaluate, Clean and Tune (ECT) process serves three essential purposes in the Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP). The first is to evaluate the existing system

More information

Unit 24: Applications of Pneumatics and Hydraulics

Unit 24: Applications of Pneumatics and Hydraulics Unit 24: Applications of Pneumatics and Hydraulics Unit code: J/601/1496 QCF level: 4 Credit value: 15 OUTCOME 2 TUTORIAL 2 HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC CYLINDERS The material needed for outcome 2 is very extensive

More information

OPERATING MANUAL CONTRACTOR STYLE AXIAL FANS

OPERATING MANUAL CONTRACTOR STYLE AXIAL FANS Manual No. BLWR043 Rev. 4 September 2012 OPERATING MANUAL CONTRACTOR STYLE AXIAL FANS CVF-8AC CVF-8AC50 CVF-6ACAN CVF-15ACAN CVF-25ACAN CVF-8A15KIT CVF-8A25KIT MODELS: CVF-8DC CVF-6DCAN CVF-15DCAN CVF-25DCAN

More information

To access the audio conference, call in to the toll free number 1.877.668.4490. And enter the access code: 579 962 880

To access the audio conference, call in to the toll free number 1.877.668.4490. And enter the access code: 579 962 880 To access the audio conference, call in to the toll free number 1.877.668.4490 And enter the access code: 579 962 880 Advanced Trends in Compressed Air Best Practices March 6, 2013 Rod Smith, Editor, Compressed

More information

Chapter 3.5: Fans and Blowers

Chapter 3.5: Fans and Blowers Part I: Objective type questions and answers Chapter 3.5: Fans and Blowers 1. The parameter used by ASME to define fans, blowers and compressors is a) Fan ration b) Specific ratio c) Blade ratio d) Twist

More information

Compressed Air and Gas Drying

Compressed Air and Gas Drying Compressed Air and Gas Drying CONTENTS I. Why Do Compressed Air And Gas Need Drying? 1 II. Applications Requiring Clean, Dry Air 1 III. How To Measure Moisture Content 2 IV. Selecting The Right Dryer 3

More information

SYLLABUS For BASIC TRADE COURSE (360 Hours) On REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

SYLLABUS For BASIC TRADE COURSE (360 Hours) On REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING SYLLABUS For BASIC TRADE COURSE (360 Hours) On REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING INDEX 1. Introduction 3 2. Objectives 3 3. Employment Opportunity 4 4. Course Structure 4 5. Entry Qualification 4 6. List

More information

EASIDEW PORTABLE HYGROMETER INSTALLATION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL

EASIDEW PORTABLE HYGROMETER INSTALLATION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL EASIDEW PORTABLE HYGROMETER INSTALLATION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL Issue February 2004 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION 3 1.1 General 3 1.2 Ceramic Sensing Element 3 1.3 Calibration

More information

Screw Compressors 11-22kW

Screw Compressors 11-22kW INDUSTRIALS GROUP Screw Compressors 11-22kW KSA Plus Fixed Speed, KSV Variable Speed Smart and affordable CHAMPION COMPRESSED AIR TECHNOLOGIES KSA Plus Screw Compressors Up to 45 C ambient temperature

More information

COUNTERBALANCE VALVES

COUNTERBALANCE VALVES COUNTERBALANCE VALVES Introduction They are modulating valves which allow free flow into the actuator and then block the reverse flow until they feel a pilot pressure inversely proportional to the load

More information

REFRIGERATED TYPE COMPRESSED AIR DRYERS INSTRUCTION MANUAL. For Sales & Service please contact:

REFRIGERATED TYPE COMPRESSED AIR DRYERS INSTRUCTION MANUAL. For Sales & Service please contact: 7610.478.16 8/99 INSTRUCTION MANUAL Models 8005, 8010, 8015 For Sales & Service please contact: CENTRAIR Air Systems & Supplies Phone: 705-722-5747 Fax: 705-722-5458 Email: sales@centrair.ca Website: www.centrair.ca

More information

PBX Series Quick Fit Connector Bimetallic Steam Traps

PBX Series Quick Fit Connector Bimetallic Steam Traps 6262100/6 IM-P626-01 ST Issue 6 PBX Series Quick Fit Connector Bimetallic Steam Traps Installation and Maintenance Instructions 1. Safety information 2. General product information 3. Installation 4. Commissioning

More information

Desiccant Air Dryers Heatless, Heated and Heated Blower

Desiccant Air Dryers Heatless, Heated and Heated Blower Desiccant Air Dryers Heatless, Heated and Heated Blower Desiccant Dryers... Desiccant Our reliable high strength, non-acidic desiccant provides maximum performance and is easily stored and handled. Environmentally

More information

Heating Water by Direct Steam Injection

Heating Water by Direct Steam Injection Heating Water by Direct Steam Injection Producing hot water by direct steam injection provides a solution where large volumes of hot water at precise temperatures are required, and where energy and space

More information

Nirvana. Cycling Refrigerated Dryers

Nirvana. Cycling Refrigerated Dryers Nirvana Cycling Refrigerated Dryers Nirvana Cycling Refrigerated Dryers Reliability Is Our Design Ingersoll Rand's Nirvana Cycling Refrigerated Dryer provides reliability like no other dryer in its class:

More information

Chapter 19 Purging Air from Piping and Vessels in Hydrocarbon Service

Chapter 19 Purging Air from Piping and Vessels in Hydrocarbon Service BP Lower 48 Onshore Operations Safety Manual Page 4.19 1 Chapter 19 Purging Air from Piping and Vessels in Hydrocarbon Service I. General Requirements A. After motor vehicle accidents and underground excavation

More information

MOBILE FIRE - RESCUE DEPARTMENT FIRE CODE ADMINISTRATION

MOBILE FIRE - RESCUE DEPARTMENT FIRE CODE ADMINISTRATION MOBILE FIRE - RESCUE DEPARTMENT FIRE CODE ADMINISTRATION Fire Pump Plan Review 2009 International Fire Code and NFPA 20 Date of Review / / BLD201 - Project Address: Project Name: Contractor s Business

More information

Hydraulics Trouble Shooting Guide. TS-Guide_R.doc

Hydraulics Trouble Shooting Guide. TS-Guide_R.doc Hydraulics Trouble Shooting Guide TS-Guide_R.doc Table of Contents Condensed Table... 1 Valves... 3 Cylinders... 3 Boosters... 4 Fluid Motors... 5 Vane Pumps... 6 Radial Piston Pumps... 9 Hydraulic Systems...

More information

Rotary Screw Compressors UP-Series 4 & 5.5 kw

Rotary Screw Compressors UP-Series 4 & 5.5 kw Rotary Screw Compressors UP-Series 4 & 5.5 kw Rotary Screw Compressors UP-Series 4 & 5.5 kw Boost Your Profitability Boosting your company s profits was the main goal that Ingersoll-Rand had in mind when

More information

Installing a Probe. Typical Installation

Installing a Probe. Typical Installation for hazardous locations. Prior to any installation in a Classified Hazardous Location, verify installation methods by the Control Drawing referenced on the product s name tag 2. The Feed Through Assembly

More information

HVAC Preventative Maintenance Basics. Presented by Mike Crawley

HVAC Preventative Maintenance Basics. Presented by Mike Crawley HVAC Preventative Maintenance Basics Presented by Mike Crawley Air Handlers/Package Units: Coils have to be clean! The main purpose of any coil is to absorb or reject heat If coils are dirty; air flow

More information

Meeting Your Compressed Air Treatment Needs

Meeting Your Compressed Air Treatment Needs Compressed Air Treatment Guide Meeting Your Compressed Air Treatment Needs How to Select the Right Equipment for Your Application Provided as a Service by Kaeser Compressors, Inc. Typical Air Treatment

More information

Energy Saving Ideas for Your Box Plant

Energy Saving Ideas for Your Box Plant General Session Energy Saving Ideas for Your Box Plant Moderator: Jeff Pallini Fosber America, Inc. Program Overview: Immediate Ideas: Jim Simko of Simtek Systems, Inc. Mid-Term Ideas: John Donahue of

More information

Turbocharger System Optimization

Turbocharger System Optimization This Turbo Tech Section is intended to cover many of the auxiliary systems in a more complete and in-depth manner than what is originally covered in Turbo Tech 101, Turbo Tech 102, Turbo Tech 103 and Diesel

More information

ThermoStar Refrigeration Air Dryers

ThermoStar Refrigeration Air Dryers ThermoStar Refrigeration Air Dryers Why dry compressed air? Contamination Reduces Efficiency The air we breathe contains contamination in the form of water vapour and airborne particles. These problems

More information

12V Portable Diaphragm Compressor Operating and Maintenance Instructions

12V Portable Diaphragm Compressor Operating and Maintenance Instructions 12V Portable Diaphragm Compressor Operating and Maintenance Instructions (Part No. DC2) Part No. Serial Number Date Purchased Table of Contents Page Safety Messages...2 Guidelines for Product Use...2 Operation

More information

REGULATING VALVE APPLICATIONS

REGULATING VALVE APPLICATIONS REGULATING APPLICATIONS GENERAL REGULAR APPLICATION & INSTALLATION NOTES Regulator Application & Installation Notes The following are considerations for all steam regulator installations, as system operation

More information

THERMO KING TRUCK & TRAILER UNIT ALARM CODES THIS DOCUMENT SHOWS ALL CURRENT ALARM CODES FOR THERMO KING TRUCK AND TRAILER UNITS.

THERMO KING TRUCK & TRAILER UNIT ALARM CODES THIS DOCUMENT SHOWS ALL CURRENT ALARM CODES FOR THERMO KING TRUCK AND TRAILER UNITS. THERMO KING TRUCK & TRAILER UNIT ALARM CODES THIS DOCUMENT SHOWS ALL CURRENT ALARM CODES FOR THERMO KING TRUCK AND TRAILER UNITS. NOT ALL CODES ARE POSSIBLE ON ANY INDIVIDUAL UNIT. IF THE ALARM APPLIES

More information

Attachment J-C18.1. HVAC Work Instructions

Attachment J-C18.1. HVAC Work Instructions . RFP: Attachment J-C18.1 HVAC Work Instructions NNC13ZFD017J SOW Item No. Title Page C18-02 Control Air Systems Annual PM 2 C18-03 Split System AC Indoor Section Annual PM 3 C18-04 Condensing Unit Semi-Annual

More information

REFRIGERATED COMPRESSED AIR DRYERS

REFRIGERATED COMPRESSED AIR DRYERS INNOVATIVE COMPRESSED AIR SOLUTIONS COMPRESSED AIR SOLUTIONS REFRIGERATED COMPRESSED AIR DRYERS WITH TRUE-CYCLING OPERATION 75 2,400 scfm Capacity Models STAINLESS STEEL HEAT EXCHANGERS www.zeks.com Compressed

More information

Federal Wage System Job Grading Standard for Air Conditioning Equipment Mechanic, 5306. Table of Contents

Federal Wage System Job Grading Standard for Air Conditioning Equipment Mechanic, 5306. Table of Contents Federal Wage System Job Grading Standard for Air Conditioning Equipment Mechanic, 5306 Table of Contents WORK COVERED... 2 WORK NOT COVERED...2 TITLES... 2 GRADE LEVELS... 2 HELPER AND INTERMEDIATE JOBS...

More information

TYPE E Main Valve Sizes 3 /8 through 12

TYPE E Main Valve Sizes 3 /8 through 12 SD 3001F PRINTED IN U.S.A. SD 3001F/0707 A B TYPE E MAIN VALVE C D E TYPE E Main Valve Sizes 3 /8 through 12 The Spence Type E Main Valve is of normally closed, single seat design featuring packless construction,

More information

Compressed Air Filters

Compressed Air Filters Compressed Air Filters Superior Filtration for Increased Productivity What happens when you don t use an air filter? Kaeser Gives You the Air Quality You Require Ambient air contains contaminants that

More information

INDUSTRIAL DIRECT DRIVEN PISTON COMPRESSORS CL - CH - CK

INDUSTRIAL DIRECT DRIVEN PISTON COMPRESSORS CL - CH - CK INDUSTRIAL DIRECT DRIVEN PISTON COMPRESSORS CL - CH - CK CL - CH - CK Direct driven solution for industry Proven technology, solid construction The CL - CH - CK units are directly driven air-cooled, single

More information

Refrigeration Basics 101. By: Eric Nelson

Refrigeration Basics 101. By: Eric Nelson Refrigeration Basics 101 By: Eric Nelson Basics Refrigeration is the removal of heat from a material or space, so that it s temperature is lower than that of it s surroundings. When refrigerant absorbs

More information

C. starting positive displacement pumps with the discharge valve closed.

C. starting positive displacement pumps with the discharge valve closed. KNOWLEDGE: K1.04 [3.4/3.6] P78 The possibility of water hammer in a liquid system is minimized by... A. maintaining temperature above the saturation temperature. B. starting centrifugal pumps with the

More information

QSV Series Vacuums an EnPro Industries company QUINCY QSV SERIES ROTARY SCREW VACUUM PUMPS 7.5 HP TO 200 HP

QSV Series Vacuums an EnPro Industries company QUINCY QSV SERIES ROTARY SCREW VACUUM PUMPS 7.5 HP TO 200 HP QSV Series Vacuums an EnPro Industries company QUINCY QSV SERIES ROTARY SCREW VACUUM PUMPS 7.5 HP TO 200 HP QSV ROTARY SCREW VACUUM PUMPS QUINCY COMPRESSOR: THE LEADER IN INDUSTRIAL VACUUM TECHNOLOGY Pioneers

More information

Example Retrocommissioning Measure: Opening Throttled Discharge Valves

Example Retrocommissioning Measure: Opening Throttled Discharge Valves Opening Throttled Discharge Valves This 21-story building, constructed in 1997, is located in Oregon and contains 589,000 gross square feet of mostly office occupancy. The HVAC system includes six large

More information

Rexroth Hydraulic Pump A10VO Series User Manual

Rexroth Hydraulic Pump A10VO Series User Manual Rexroth Hydraulic Pump A10VO Series User Manual Rexroth Hydraulic pump A10VO Series User Manual Revised 5/1/2009 Page 1 of 12 Functional Purpose This pump is preferred over a fixed displacement (gear)

More information

SIX REASONS TO DRY BIOGAS To A LOW DEWPOINT BEFORE COMBUSTION IN A CHP ENGINE STEVEN SCOTT MARKET DEVELOPMENT MANAGER ALTERNATIVE ENERGIES

SIX REASONS TO DRY BIOGAS To A LOW DEWPOINT BEFORE COMBUSTION IN A CHP ENGINE STEVEN SCOTT MARKET DEVELOPMENT MANAGER ALTERNATIVE ENERGIES SIX REASONS TO DRY BIOGAS To A LOW DEWPOINT BEFORE COMBUSTION IN A CHP ENGINE STEVEN SCOTT MARKET DEVELOPMENT MANAGER ALTERNATIVE ENERGIES Filippo Turra Product Manager Cooling Technology INTRODUCTION

More information

Air Treatment Solutions

Air Treatment Solutions Air Treatment Solutions Air Treatment Why air treatment? Dirt, water vapor, and other impurities enter the compressor with the atmospheric air. During the compression process, oil (liquid and vapor) is

More information

ZPA Heatless Regeneration ZHA Heated Regeneration ZBA Heated Blower Regeneration

ZPA Heatless Regeneration ZHA Heated Regeneration ZBA Heated Blower Regeneration INNOVATIVE COMPRESSED AIR SOLUTIONS DESICCANT AIR DRYERS 90-8000 scfm ZPA Heatless Regeneration ZHA Heated Regeneration ZBA Heated Blower Regeneration 2100ZHA RELIABLE PERFORMANCE INNOVATIVE DESIGN Before

More information

THE CASE FOR A REFRIGERATION PREVENTATIVE MAINTENACE PROGRAM

THE CASE FOR A REFRIGERATION PREVENTATIVE MAINTENACE PROGRAM THE CASE FOR A REFRIGERATION PREVENTATIVE MAINTENACE PROGRAM Prepared and Presented By: Don Langston President & CEO, Aire Rite Air Conditioning & Refrigeration Inc Setting the Foundation The Refrigeration

More information

Hydraulic Trouble Shooting

Hydraulic Trouble Shooting Hydraulic Trouble Shooting Hydraulic systems can be very simple, such as a hand pump pumping up a small hydraulic jack, or very complex, with several pumps, complex valving, accumulators, and many cylinders

More information

Kompressoren. Compressed Air Filters PF/DF/MF/SF/AF

Kompressoren. Compressed Air Filters PF/DF/MF/SF/AF Kompressoren Compressed Air Filters PF/DF/MF/SF/AF ALUP Filter For Compressed Air Purity Compressed air quality is related directly to the operating conditions of your compressor. Most compressor intake

More information