Endocrine System. Presented by: Kaitlin Victor September 24,
|
|
- Angelica Ferguson
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Endocrine System Presented by: Kaitlin Victor September 24,
2 Endocrinology The endocrine system is in charge of regulating an integrated and organized group of organs that have metabolic control in the body. Secreted molecules, or hormones, act on target cells in distant tissues that act to regulate some aspect of the target tissue. Hormones are often carried to the target by the blood. There are three types of secreted molecules Paracrine Endocrine Autocrine Elsevier s Integrated Physiology, Robert G. Carroll, 13, Copyright 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
3 Endocrinology We will be focusing on endocrine molecules There are several important endocrine tissues that I will focus on today Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland Thyroid Gland Parathyroid Gland Adrenal Gland Ovaries Testes Elsevier s Integrated Physiology, Robert G. Carroll, 13, Copyright 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
4 Hypothalamus The hypothalamus releases hormones that are needed to signal the pituitary gland to release (or not release) a hormone that is needed by the body Secretion from the posterior pituitary is activated by nerve signals that originate in the hypothalamus Secretion from the anterior pituitary is controlled by hormones secreted from the hypothalamus and get to the anterior pituitary through the hypothalamichypophysial portal vessels. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology Twelfth Edition Chapter 75
5 Hypothalamus Hormone Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) Growth hormone inhibitory hormone (somatostatin) Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH) Function Stimulates secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone Stimulates secretion of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone Stimulates secretion of ACTH Stimulates secretion of growth hormone Inhibits secretion of growth hormone Inhibits synthesis and secretion of prolactin Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology Twelfth Edition Chapter 75
6 Hypothalamus A major role of the hypothalamus is the regulation of growth hormone release from the anterior pituitary gland. The two hormones that are responsible for the control of GH are GHRH and somatostatin GRHR is secreted from the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. The ventromedial nucleus is the portion of the hypothalamus that is sensitive to blood glucose levels. Somatostatin is released from a nearby area of the hypothalamus. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology Twelfth Edition Chapter 75
7 Hypothalamus It appears that most of the control in the secretion of GH is due to GHRH GHRH works by binding to the cell surface of the cells that secrete GH This causes both a short term and long term effect The short term effect is the increase of Ca 2+ transport in to the cell which will activate the secretion of GH The long term effect is the upregulation of genes that increase the synthesis of GH Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology Twelfth Edition Chapter 75
8 Hypothalamus/Hypophysis
9 Pituitary Gland The pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is made up of two embryologically distinct portions Anterior pituitary or adenohypophysis Posterior pituitary or neurohypophysis The anterior pituitary is derived from the Rathke s pouch, which is a part of the phatyngeal epithelium The posterior pituitary is derived from neural tissue from the hypothalamus Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology Twelfth Edition Chapter 75
10 Pituitary Gland The anterior pituitary hormones Hormone Growth hormone Adrenocorticotropin Function Promotes growth of the entire body Controls secretion off adrenocortical hormones Thyroid-stimulating hormone Prolactin Follicle-stimulating hormone Luteinizing hormone Controls rate of secretion of thyroxine and trrodothyronine Promotes mammary gland development and milk production Control growth of ovaries and testes Control growth of ovaries and testes Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology Twelfth Edition Chapter 75
11 Pituitary Gland The posterior pituitary hormone Hormone Function Oxytocin Anti-diuretic hormone (Vasopressin) Helps with the delivery of a baby during pregnancy and let down of milk after suckling Regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys at low levels. At higher levels, effects the arteriole pressure. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology Twelfth Edition Chapter 75
12 Pituitary Gland One of the most interesting hormones produced by the pituitary gland is ADH (Vasopressin) which is released by the posterior pituitary gland. When low levels of ADH is released, the collecting duct and tubules in the kidney become more permeable to water and allows for the reabsorption of the water. ADH causes the increase of camp from adenylate cyclase which causes phosphorylation events on a vesicle. This vesicle then inserts into the apical membrane which is what allows for the reabsorption of the water. Now the concentration of electrolytes is sensed by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus which then triggers the release of ADH. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology Twelfth Edition Chapter 75
13 Pituitary Gland When higher levels of ADH is released from the posterior pituitary gland, ADH has a different effect At higher levels ADH becomes known as vasopressin. It works to increase atrial blood pressure by constricting arterioles in the body. The intense release of ADH is due to the decrease in blood volume especially if there is a reduction of 15-25%. The atria has stretch receptors that recognize blood volume. If the stretch receptors are not activated, this signals for the intense release of ADH. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology Twelfth Edition Chapter 75
14 Thyroid Gland The thyroid gland is a butterfly shaped organ located below the larynx. It is composed of many closed follicles that are filled with colloid which is made up of thyroglobulin. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology Twelfth Edition Chapter 76
15 Thyroid Gland Hormone T 3 T 4 Calcitonin Function Effect nuclear transcription of genes, increase number and activity of the mitochondria Effect nuclear transcription of genes, increase number and activity of the mitochondria Important for calcium metabolism 93% of the hormone released from the thyroid is T 4 (thyroxine) and 7% is T 3 (triiodothyronine) About half of the thyroxine is converted to triiodothyronine About 99% of T 3 andt 4 are bound to plasma proteins in the blood Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology Twelfth Edition Chapter 76
16 Thyroid Gland
17 Thyroid Gland Thyroxine and triiodothyronine are the two most important hormones released from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine and triiodothyronine are part of the thyroglobulin molecule and must be cleaved form it to become active To cleave thyroglobulin, the process starts with psuedopod extensions released from the apical surface of thyroid cells that close around portions of the colloid to form pinocytic vesicles. These vesicles enter the apex of the thyroid cell. Lysosomes fuse with the vesicles; within the lysosome multiple proteases digest the thyroglobulin molecules so that active thyroxine and triiodothyronine can be released. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology Twelfth Edition Chapter 76
18 Parathyroid Gland The parathyroid is embryologically distinct from the thyroid gland. There are many genes that are involved in the development of the parathyroid including SHH. The primary goal of the parathyroid is to help regulate Ca 2+ levels. Histology for Pathologists, 4th Edition, Chapter 45 Copyright 2012 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
19 Parathyroid Gland The parathyroid is one of five organs that regulate Ca 2+ in the body Parathyroid Gland C cells of the thyroid Bones Kidneys GI Tract The hormone within the parathyroid gland is the parathyroid hormone It works through the receptor PTH1R in the proximal tubules in the kidney and in osteoblasts in bone It promotes Ca 2+ reabsorption by the tubules and the reabsorbtion of bones. Histology for Pathologists, 4th Edition, Chapter 45 Copyright 2012 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
20 Parathyroid Gland An interesting disease associated with the parathyroid gland is DiGeorge Syndrome which is also known as 22q11.2 deletion syndrome DiGeorge Syndrome is AD/sporadic disease that is associated with low levels of Ca 2+ which can cause seizures Some other symptoms of the disease are Heart abnormalities Dysmorphic facial features Compromised immune system Developmental Delay The prevalence is 1/4000 Most people with the syndrome have a small 3 million bp deletion in the q11.2 region of chromosome 22 and in particular the deletion of the TBX1 gene which is probably the cause of the low Ca 2+ levels along with the heart anomalies.
21 Adrenal Gland The adrenal gland is a composite of two endocrine glands. One produces steroid hormones and the other produces catecholamines. The adrenal gland is located on top of the kidney and it is made up of a cortex and a medulla which produce different hormones. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology Twelfth Edition Chapter 77
22 Adrenal Gland Hormone Aldosterone Cortisol DHEA Epinephrine Norepinephrine Function Increases renal retention of Na + and loss of K + Effects many forms of metabolism in the body Is produced by the Zona Reticularis and is an important precursor androgen Produced in the medulla. Binds to adrenergic receptors. Has similar effect as stimulating sympathetic nerves Produced in the medulla. Binds to adrenergic receptors. Has similar effect as stimulating sympathetic nerves Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology Twelfth Edition Chapter 77
23 Adrenal Gland
24 Adrenal Gland One of the most interesting hormones produced in the adrenal cortex is cortisol As seen in the previous slide, it is produced by cells within the Zona fasciculata Cortisol causes Suppresses immune system Decreases permeability of capillaries Stimulates Gluconeogenesis Cortisol is excreted in response to Infection Surgery Trauma of almost any type Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology Twelfth Edition Chapter 77
25 Pancreas The pancreas is interesting because it is both an exocrine and endocrine organ Both of its function helps to aid the digestion and absorption of nutrients after meals Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology Twelfth Edition Chapter 78
26 Pancreas Hormone Insulin Glucagon Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic Polypeptide Function Secreted by beta cells. Regulates blood glucose levels Secreted by alpha cells. Regulates blood glucose levels Secreted by beta cells. Function is unknown. Secreted by delta cells. Inhibits the release of GH. Secreted by PP cells. Regulates pancreatic secretion (both endocrine and exocrine) Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology Twelfth Edition Chapter 78
27 Pancreas web.campbell.edu
28 Ovaries The ovaries are the female gonads Within the ovaries, the oocytes develop and are released on a monthly basis from puberty until menopause The ovaries convert testosterone to estrogen through the enzyme aromatase.
29 Ovaries Hormone Estradiol Progesterone Function Functions through estrogen receptors. It is important in the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females. It is also involved with the regulation of the menstrual cycle. Functions through progesterone receptors. It is important for regulating the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis in females.
30 Menstrual Cycle
31 Testes The testes are the male gonads Within the testes, the sperm develop daily from puberty until death There are two cell types within the testes Sertolli Cells-supports the development of the spermatogonia Leydig Cells-produce testosterone Testicle%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.webarchive
32 Testosterone Hormone Testosterone Function It functions through an androgen receptor. It is important in the development of secondary male sexual characterization. It also important in the production and maintenance of sperm. Testicle%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.webarchive
33 Testes An interesting disease that is associated with the inability to recognize androgens is androgen insensitivity syndrome These individuals have an XY karyotype but can have female, ambiguous, or male genitalia depending on the individuals sensitivity to androgens. The individuals internal organs are male due to the presence of AMH during development. An individual can have complete or incomplete AIS. AIS is a X-linked recessive disorder that occurs in approximately 2-5/ individuals Androgen insensitivity syndrome - Genetics Home Reference,
The Endocrine System
Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Elaine N. Marieb Seventh Edition Chapter 9 The Endocrine System Slides 9.1 9.48 Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Cook The Endocrine System Second messenger
More informationEndocrine System Review Graphics are used with permission of: Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings (http://www.aw-bc.
Endocrine System Review Graphics are used with permission of: Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings (http://www.aw-bc.com) Page 1. Endocrine System Review Consists of discrete individual
More informationregulation of ECF composition and volume regulation of metabolism thyroid hormones, epinephrine, growth hormone, insulin and glucagon
Hormonal Effects regulation of ECF composition and volume ADH, aldosterone, ANF regulation of metabolism thyroid hormones, epinephrine, growth hormone, insulin and glucagon regulation of muscle contraction
More informationCh16 Endocrine part 2
Ch16 Endocrine part 2 several separate organs release hormones into capillaries hormones are transported in the blood Hypothalamus Pituitary glands Pineal gland Thyroid Parathyroid Thymus Adrenal Cortex
More informationDescribe how these hormones exert control quickly by changes in phosphorylation state of enzyme, and more slowly by changes of gene expression
Section VIII. Section VIII. Tissue metabolism Many tissues carry out specialized functions: Ch. 43 look at different hormones affect metabolism of fuels, especially counter-insulin Ch. 44 Proteins and
More informationEndocrine System ANS 215 Physiology and Anatomy of Domesticated Animals
Endocrine System ANS 215 Physiology and Anatomy of Domesticated Animals I. Introduction A. Considered to be part of animals communication system 1. Nervous system uses physical structures for communication
More informationINTRODUCTION TO HORMONES
INTRODUCTION TO HORMONES UNIVERSITY OF PNG SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES DISCIPLINE OF BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PBL MBBS II SEMINAR VJ Temple What are hormones? Cells in multi-cellular
More informationHormonal Cycles. 1. Briefly describe each component of an endocrine feedback loop: Stimulus. Production Cell. Hormone. Target Cell. Target Cell Action
Hormonal Cycles Directions: a. Click the Contents button. b. Open the Endocrine System File. c. Click Animations. d. Click Hormonal Cycles. 1. Briefly describe each component of an endocrine feedback loop:
More informationChapter 45: Hormones and the Endocrine System
Name Period Overview 1. What is a hormone? 2. Why does a hormone elicit a response only with target cells? 3. The body has two long-distance regulating systems. Which involves chemical signals by hormones?
More informationChapter 18. An Introduction to the Endocrine System. Hormone Chemistry
Chapter 18 An Introduction to the Endocrine System Hormone Chemistry Endocrine System Components endocrine system - glands, tissues, and cells that secrete hormones Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies,
More informationChapter 18: The Endocrine System
Chapter 18: The Endocrine System I. Intercellular Communication, p. 591 Objectives 1. Explain the importance of intercellular communication and describe the mechanisms involved. 2. Compare the modes of
More informationIntercellular Communication 1. Direct communication: occurs between two cells of the same type through gap junctions via ions or small solutes
Endocrine System (Chapter 18) Lecture Materials for Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. Suffolk County Community College Primary Sources for figures and content: Eastern Campus Marieb, E. N. Human Anatomy & Physiology
More informationHormones: Classification. Hormones: Classification. Peptide Hormone Synthesis, Packaging, and Release
Hormones: Classification Hormones: Classification Be able to give types and example. Compare synthesis, half-life and location of receptor 1. Peptide or protein hormones Insulin from amino acids 2. Steroid
More informationThe Endocrine System. Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi. Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Endocrine System Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi Endocrine System The endocrine system interacts with the nervous system to coordinate and integrate body activities by means of hormones. Endocrine tissues and
More informationThe tissues and organs of the vertebrate body cooperate
56 The Endocrine System Concept Outline 56.1 Regulation is often accomplished by chemical messengers. Types of Regulatory Molecules. Regulatory molecules may function as neurotransmitters, hormones, or
More informationIssues Relevant to Endocrine Disruptor Screening
Concepts of Endocrinology: Issues Relevant to Endocrine Disruptor Screening Raphael J. Witorsch, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Physiology and Biophysics School of Medicine Virginia i i Commonwealth University
More informationEndocrine Glands and the General Principles of Hormone Action
Endocrine Glands and the General Principles of Hormone Action Cai Li, Ph.D. Assistant professor Touchstone Center for Diabetes Research Departments of Physiology and Internal Medicine The University of
More informationDiscuss the function of parathyroid hormone.
The Endocrine System 10 C H A P T E R John F. Kennedy, the youngest man to be elected president, appeared healthy, vigorous, and active throughout his entire political career. Photos of the president showed
More information10/26/2014. Human Anatomy & Physiology. The Endocrine System: Part A. Endocrine System: Overview
PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Barbara Heard, Human Anatomy & Physiology Atlantic Cape Community College Ninth Edition C H A P T E R 16 The Endocrine System: Part A Endocrine System: Overview Acts
More informationIntroduction to Animal Systems
Human Body Systems Introduction to Animal Systems Recurring Themes in Biology 1. Correlation between structure and function( seen at many levels) 2. Life is organized at many levels from Smallest ----
More informationRegulation of Metabolism. By Dr. Carmen Rexach Physiology Mt San Antonio College
Regulation of Metabolism By Dr. Carmen Rexach Physiology Mt San Antonio College Energy Constant need in living cells Measured in kcal carbohydrates and proteins = 4kcal/g Fats = 9kcal/g Most diets are
More informationUrinary System. And Adrenal Function
Urinary System And Adrenal Function Overview Kidney anatomy and physiology Urine Ureters, Bladder and Urethra Adrenal Function Functions of the Kidney Filter fluids from the blood Regulate volume and composition
More informationWater Homeostasis. Graphics are used with permission of: Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings (http://www.aw-bc.
Water Homeostasis Graphics are used with permission of: Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings (http://www.aw-bc.com) 1. Water Homeostasis The body maintains a balance of water intake
More informationResponse to Stress Graphics are used with permission of: Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings (http://www.aw-bc.
Response to Stress Graphics are used with permission of: Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings (http://www.aw-bc.com) Page 1. Introduction When there is an overwhelming threat to the
More informationHormones & Chemical Signaling
Hormones & Chemical Signaling Part 2 modulation of signal pathways and hormone classification & function How are these pathways controlled? Receptors are proteins! Subject to Specificity of binding Competition
More informationEndocrine Responses to Resistance Exercise
chapter 3 Endocrine Responses to Resistance Exercise Chapter Objectives Understand basic concepts of endocrinology. Explain the physiological roles of anabolic hormones. Describe hormonal responses to
More informationBlood Pressure Regulation
Blood Pressure Regulation Graphics are used with permission of: Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings (http://www.aw-bc.com) Page 1. Introduction There are two basic mechanisms for regulating
More informationThe Endocrine System. You don t have to watch CSI to experience action-packed drama.
The Endocrine System: An Overview (pp. 595 596) Hormones (pp. 596 601) The Chemistry of Hormones (p. 596) Mechanisms of Hormone Action (pp. 596 598) Target Cell Specificity (p. 598) Half-Life, Onset, and
More informationEndocrine System: Practice Questions #1
Endocrine System: Practice Questions #1 1. Removing part of gland D would most likely result in A. a decrease in the secretions of other glands B. a decrease in the blood calcium level C. an increase in
More informationThe digestive system eliminated waste from the digestive tract. But we also need a way to eliminate waste from the rest of the body.
Outline Urinary System Urinary System and Excretion Bio105 Lecture 20 Chapter 16 I. Function II. Organs of the urinary system A. Kidneys 1. Function 2. Structure III. Disorders of the urinary system 1
More informationActions of Hormones on Target Cells Page 1. Actions of Hormones on Target Cells Page 2. Goals/ What You Need to Know Goals What You Need to Know
Actions of Hormones on Target Cells Graphics are used with permission of: Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings (http://www.aw-bc.com) Page 1. Actions of Hormones on Target Cells Hormones
More informationChapter 45. Hormones and the Endocrine System
Chapter 45 Hormones and the Endocrine System Lecture Outline Overview: The Body s Long-Distance Regulators An animal hormone is a chemical signal that is secreted into the extracellular fluid, circulates
More informationThe Background for the Diabetes Detection Model
The Background for the Diabetes Detection Model James K. Peterson Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Mathematical Sciences Clemson University November 23, 2014 Outline The Background for
More informationChapter 25: Metabolism and Nutrition
Chapter 25: Metabolism and Nutrition Chapter Objectives INTRODUCTION 1. Generalize the way in which nutrients are processed through the three major metabolic fates in order to perform various energetic
More informationHow To Know If You Can Lose Weight
ATTACHMENT: Useful remarks for patient and doctor, to be associated to the analytical results. Your doctor should interpret this report. Cod. ID: 123456 CCV: 000 Date: 01/01/2014 Patient: Rossi Mario Rapport
More informationORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE BODY
ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE BODY DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS A. Organ a structure made up of two or more kinds of tissues organized in such a way that they can together perform a more complex function that can any
More informationThe Endocrine System
The Endocrine System from The Human Body Systems Series catalog # 3254 Published & Distributed by AGC/UNITED LEARNING 1560 Sherman Avenue Suite 100 Evanston, IL 60201 1-800-323-9084 24-Hour Fax No. 847-328-6706
More informationStress Psychophysiology. Introduction. The Brain. Chapter 2
Stress Psychophysiology Chapter 2 Introduction This chapter covers the process & structures activated during the physiological response to stress. Two stress pathways are available; one for short term
More informationLECTURE 1 RENAL FUNCTION
LECTURE 1 RENAL FUNCTION Components of the Urinary System 2 Kidneys 2 Ureters Bladder Urethra Refer to Renal System Vocabulary in your notes Figure 2-1,page10 Kidney Composition Cortex Outer region Contains
More informationPseudohypoparathyroidism: A Variation on the Theme of Hypoparathyroidism
Pseudohypoparathyroidism: A Variation on the Theme of Hypoparathyroidism Amanda Tencza MS IV 1 and Michael A. Levine, MD 2 1 Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University
More informationMechanism of hormone action
Mechanism of hormone action ผศ.ดร.พญ.ส ว ฒณ ค ปต ว ฒ ภาคว ชาสร รว ทยา คณะแพทยศาสตร ศ ร ราชพยาบาล Aims What is hormone receptor Type of hormone receptors - cell surface receptor - intracellular receptor
More informationMultiple Pituitary Hormone Deficiency (MPHD)
Multiple Pituitary Hormone Deficiency (MPHD) SERIES 1 SERIES 2 SERIES 3 SERIES 4 SERIES 5 SERIES 6 SERIES 7 SERIES 8 SERIES 9 SERIES 10 SERIES 11 SERIES 12 SERIES 13 SERIES 14 SERIES 15 SERIES 16 CHILD
More informationFight or Flight Response: Play-by-Play
One of the most remarkable examples of cell communication is the fight or flight response. When a threat occurs, cells communicate rapidly to elicit physiological responses that help the body handle extraordinary
More informationglucose and fatty acids to raise your blood sugar levels.
Endocrine & Cell Communication Part IV: Maintaining Balance (Homeostasis) TEACHER NOTES needs coding 1 Endocrine & Cell Communication Part IV: Maintaining Balance (Homeostasis) 2 AP Biology Curriculum
More informationEssentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology. Chapter 15. The Urinary System. Slides 15.1 15.20. Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L.
Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Elaine N. Marieb Seventh Edition Chapter 15 The Urinary System Slides 15.1 15.20 Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Cook Functions of the Urinary System Elimination
More informationIntroduction to the Hypothalamo- Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis
Igor Mitrovic, MD Introduction to the Hypothalamo- Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis (Lecture) OBJECTIVES: Identify appropriate hypothalamic factors that control the secretion of each of the anterior pituitary
More informationU N IT 10 NE RVOUS SYS TE M REVIEW 1. Which of the following is controlled by the somatic nervous system? A. rate of heartbeat B.
U N IT 10 NE RVOUS SYS TE M REVIEW 1. Which of the following is controlled by the somatic nervous system? A. rate of heartbeat B. contraction of skeletal muscles C. increased blood flow to muscle tissue
More informationOUTCOMES BASED LEARNING MATRIX
OUTCOMES BASED LEARNING MATRIX Course: BIOL 206 Vertebrate Anatomy and Physiology II Department: Biology Course Description: This is the second part of an introductory course sequence in the comparative
More informationEngage: Brainstorming Body Systems. Record the structures and function of each body system in the table below.
Engage: Brainstorming Body s Record the structures and function of each body system in the table below. Body Nervous Circulatory Excretory Immune Digestive Respiratory Skeletal Muscular Endocrine Integumentary
More informationInsulin s Effects on Testosterone, Growth Hormone and IGF I Following Resistance Training
Insulin s Effects on Testosterone, Growth Hormone and IGF I Following Resistance Training By: Jason Dudley Summary Nutrition supplements with a combination of carbohydrate and protein (with a ratio of
More informationAnatomy of the Male Reproductive System
Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System External genitalia (can be seen on the body surface) penis scrotum Internal genitalia (can t be seen on the body surface) sperm producing organs testes ducts that
More informationSex for the purposes of this class refers to 4 components
Sex for the purposes of this class refers to 4 components Gonadal sex Gonads or where gametes are produced by meiosis Somatic sex Somatic cells are cells that undergo mitosis. They can be divided into
More informationReproduction Multiple Choice questions
Reproduction Multiple Choice questions 1. In mammals that are seasonal breeders, females are receptive only once a year. This is called A) a follicular cycle B) an estrous cycle C) a menstrual cycle D)
More informationReavis High School Anatomy and Physiology Curriculum Snapshot
Reavis High School Anatomy and Physiology Curriculum Snapshot Unit 1: Introduction to the Human Body 10 days As part of this unit, students will define anatomy, physiology, and pathology. They will identify
More informationApril 18, 2008 Dr. Alan H. Stephenson Pharmacological and Physiological Science
Renal Mechanisms for Regulating Urine Concentration April 18, 2008 Dr. Alan H. Stephenson Pharmacological and Physiological Science Amount Filtered Reabsorption is selective Examples of substances that
More informationThe Menstrual Cycle. Model 1: Ovarian Cycle follicular cells
The Menstrual Cycle REVIEW questions to complete before starting this POGIL activity 1. Gonads produce both gametes and sex steroid hormones. For the female, name the: A. gonads ovaries B. gametes oocyte/ovum/egg
More information2. What muscle pulls the testis down into the scrotum during development?
Anatomy & Physiology Reproductive System Worksheet Male 1. Put the following structures in order from testis to urethra: ductus deferens, rete testis, epididymus, seminiferous tubules 1) 2) 3) 4) 2. What
More informationBiology 12 June 2003 Provincial Examination
Biology 12 June 2003 rovincial Examination ANWER KEY / CORING GUIDE CURRICULUM: Organizers 1. Cell Biology 2. Cell rocesses and Applications 3. Human Biology ub-organizers A, B, C, D E, F, G, H I, J, K,
More informationStress & Catecholamines - Overview
Stress & Catecholamines - Overview UNIVERSITY OF PNG SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES DISCIPLINE OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PBL MBBS YEAR II SEMINAR VJ Temple Stress can due to: What is
More informationEndocrine issues in FA SUSAN R. ROSE CINCINNATI CHILDREN S HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER
Endocrine issues in FA SUSAN R. ROSE CINCINNATI CHILDREN S HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER 80% of children and adults with FA have an endocrine abnormality Endocrine cells make a hormone (message) Carried in bloodstream
More informationThe Testosterone Report
The Testosterone Report Contents 1. What is Testosterone? 2. Why is Testosterone necessary? 3. Why do my Testosterone Levels decrease? 4. What does low Testosterone cause? 5. How Do I raise my Testosterone?
More informationBlood Testing Protocols. Disclaimer
Blood Testing Protocols / Page 2 Blood Testing Protocols Here are the specific test protocols recommend by Dr. J.E. Williams. You may request these from your doctor or visit www.readyourbloodtest.com to
More informationCanine Hypoadrenocorticism. Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis and Treatment Adrenal Physiology The adrenal gland is a two-part structure located on the cranial pole of each kidney. Essential for life Produces hormones Epinephrine Estrogen Testosterone Cortisol
More informationChapter 23. Urine Formation I Glomerular Filtration
Chapter 23 Urine Formation I Glomerular Filtration Urine Formation I: Glomerular Filtration kidneys convert blood plasma to urine in three stages glomerular filtration tubular reabsorption and secretion
More informationRENAL WATER REGULATION page 1
page 1 INTRODUCTION TO WATER EXCRETION A. Role of the Kidney: to adjust urine formation rate and urine concentration to maintain 1. body fluid osmolar concentration 2. body fluid volume 3. intravascular
More informationSelect the one that is the best answer:
MQ Kidney 1 Select the one that is the best answer: 1) n increase in the concentration of plasma potassium causes increase in: a) release of renin b) secretion of aldosterone c) secretion of H d) release
More informationBenign Pituitary Tumor
PATIENT EDUCATION patienteducation.osumc.edu The pituitary gland is a small, pea-sized endocrine gland in the center of the brain. Also known as the master gland, the pituitary gland helps control the
More informationCourse Syllabus National College of Midwifery 2012 08/2012
Course Title: Anatomy and Physiology Credits: 4.0 Course Description: This course provides a thorough survey of human anatomy and physiology, including proper identification of body planes and sections
More informationRegulating the Internal Environment Water Balance & Nitrogenous Waste Removal
Regulating the Internal Environment Water Balance & Nitrogenous Waste Removal 2006-2007 Animal systems evolved to support multicellular life CH CHO O 2 O 2 NH 3 CH CHO O 2 CO 2 NH NH 3 O 2 3 NH 3 intracellular
More informationFrom Menses to Menopause: How Hormones Can Affect Blood Glucose Levels. Christine Day, RN, MS, CNS-BC Lake Superior College
From Menses to Menopause: How Hormones Can Affect Blood Glucose Levels Christine Day, RN, MS, CNS-BC Lake Superior College Overview Will review hormonal changes over the female lifespan Discuss the effects
More informationBiology 321. Mammalian Histology. Fall, 2012
Biology 321. Mammalian Histology. Fall, 2012 Instructor: Dr. Elaine Chapman. Parker 130. Text/Atlas: Junqueira and Carneiro. Basic Histology: Text and Atlas. 12th edition. McGraw Hill, 2010. ISBN 978-0-07-163020-7
More informationREGULATION OF FLUID & ELECTROLYTE BALANCE
REGULATION OF FLUID & ELECTROLYTE BALANCE 1 REGULATION OF FLUID & ELECTROLYTE BALANCE The kidney is the primary organ that maintains the total volume, ph, and osmolarity of the extracellular fluid within
More informationHormonal regulation of gonad function overview
Hormonal regulation of gonad function overview Role of hormones in reproductive functions production and maintenance of mature gametes optimization of the circumstances of impregnation support of pregnancy,
More informationChapter-21b: Hormones and Receptors
1 hapter-21b: Hormones and Receptors Hormone classes Hormones are classified according to the distance over which they act. 1. Autocrine hormones --- act on the same cell that released them. Interleukin-2
More informationChapter 26: The Urinary System
Chapter 26: The Urinary System Chapter Objectives OVERVIEW OF KIDNEY FUNCTION 1. List and describe the functions of the kidneys. NEPHRONS 2. Describe the two major portions of a nephron and the capillaries
More informationFundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology Course Outline, Objectives and Accreditation Information
201 Webster Building 3411 Silverside Road Wilmington, DE 19810 Phone: 1-888-658-6641 Fax: 1-302-477-9744 learn@corexcel.com www.corexcel.com Course Outline, Objectives and Accreditation Information Chapter
More informationPituitary disease for GPs. Dr Tricia Tan Metabolic Medicine and Endocrinology
Pituitary disease for GPs Dr Tricia Tan Metabolic Medicine and Endocrinology Hypothalamo-pituitary-endocrine organ axis Interface between brain and endocrine organs Amplification from Releasing factor
More informationLAB 12 ENDOCRINE II. Due next lab: Lab Exam 3 covers labs 11 and 12, endocrine chart and endocrine case studies (1-4 and 7).
111 LAB 12 ENDOCRINE II Assignments: Quiz : Endocrine Chart pages 112-114 Due next lab: Lab Exam 3 covers labs 11 and 12, endocrine chart and endocrine case studies (1-4 and 7). Objectives: Review the
More informationPolycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
UW MEDICINE PATIENT EDUCATION Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Signs, symptoms, and treatments What is PCOS? Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder that affects up to 1 in 10 women of reproductive
More informationEating, pooping, and peeing THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Ingested food is not technically in the body until it is absorbed so it needs to be: Mechanically and chemically reduced Transported by the blood to the cells Large portions are not
More informationDisability Evaluation Under Social Security
Disability Evaluation Under Social Security Revised Medical Criteria for Evaluating Endocrine Disorders Effective June 7, 2011 Why a Revision? Social Security revisions reflect: SSA s adjudicative experience.
More informationMENOPAUSE WOMAN'S TEST (Assessment of hormone balance)
ATTACHMENT: Useful remarks for patient and doctor, to be associated to the analytical results. Your doctor should interpret this report. Cod. ID: 123456 CCV: 6bf Date: 01/01/2013 Patient: Rossi Mario Rapport
More informationINSULIN RESISTANCE, POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME
1 University of Papua New Guinea School of Medicine and Health Sciences Division of Basic Medical Sciences Discipline of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology PBL SEMINAR INSULIN RESISTANCE, POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN
More informationAutonomic Nervous System Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi
Autonomic Nervous System Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi Nervous System Divisions of the nervous system The human nervous system consists of the central nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
More informationPage 1. 1. The production of monoploid cells by spermatogenesis occurs in (1) zygotes (3) ovaries (2) testes (4) meristems
1. The production of monoploid cells by spermatogenesis occurs in (1) zygotes (3) ovaries (2) testes (4) meristems Base your answers to questions 2 and 3 on the diagram below of the female reproductive
More information7 Answers to end-of-chapter questions
7 Answers to end-of-chapter questions Multiple choice questions 1 B 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 A 6 D 7 C 8 C 9 B 10 B Structured questions 11 a i Maintenance of a constant internal environment within set limits i Concentration
More informationD. Vitamin D. 1. Two main forms; vitamin D2 and D3
D. Vitamin D. Two main forms; vitamin D2 and D3 H H D3 - Cholecalciferol D2 - Ergocalciferol Technically, vitamin D is not a vitamin. It is the name given to a group of fat-soluble prohormones (substances
More informationPA T I E N T I N F O R M A T I O N HYPOPITUITARISM
PA T I E N T I N F O R M A T I O N HYPOPITUITARISM YOUR QUESTIONS ANSWERED Contents What is hypopituitarism? 1 What causes hypopituitarism? 2 What are the symptoms and signs of hypopituitarism? 4 How is
More information1. What has a higher stored energy potential per gram, glycogen or triglycerides? Explain.
Lipid Metabolism 1. What has a higher stored energy potential per gram, glycogen or triglycerides? Explain. 2. How can excess acetyl CoA trapped in the mitochondria, be utilized as a substrate for fatty
More informationSeptember 2009. [KV 801] Sub. Code: 3801
September 2009 [KV 801] Sub. Code: 3801 DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM. D) DEGREE EXAMINATION (Regulations 2008-2009) (Candidates admitted from 2008-2009 onwards) Paper I HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Time :
More informationMilwaukee School of Engineering Gerrits@msoe.edu. Case Study: Factors that Affect Blood Pressure Instructor Version
Case Study: Factors that Affect Blood Pressure Instructor Version Goal This activity (case study and its associated questions) is designed to be a student-centered learning activity relating to the factors
More informationPUBERTY. Dr. Valérie M. Schwitzgebel. Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology Hôpital des Enfants HUG Genève Valerie.Schwitzgebel@hcuge.
PUBERTY Dr. Valérie M. Schwitzgebel Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology Hôpital des Enfants HUG Genève Valerie.Schwitzgebel@hcuge.ch V. Schwitzgebel 2004 PHYSIOLOGY of PUBERTY DEFINITION
More informationPSK171 STRESS MANAGEMENT
PSK171 STRESS MANAGEMENT Chapter 2 Systems that control stress arousal Controlling Stress & Tension Girdano, Dusek & Everly Ligands Ligands (amino acid molecules) Biochemicals that carry information Neurohormones
More informationAnatomy of the Male Reproductive System
Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System External genitalia (can be seen on the body surface) penis scrotum Internal genitalia (can t be seen on the body surface)
More information3) There are different types of extracellular signaling molecules. 4) most signaling molecules are secreted by exocytosis
XIV) Signaling. A) The need for Signaling in multicellular organisms B) yeast need to signal to respond to various factors C) Extracellular signaling molecules bind to receptors 1) most bind to receptors
More informationCOLLIN COLLEGE COURSE SYLLABUS
COLLIN COLLEGE COURSE SYLLABUS Course Information Course Number: BIOL 2402 Course Title: Anatomy and Physiology II Course Description: Continued study of structure and function related to the human endocrine,
More informationThe diagram below summarizes the effects of the compounds that cells use to regulate their own metabolism.
Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism Intracellular metabolic regulators Each of the control point steps in the carbohydrate metabolic pathways in effect regulates itself by responding to molecules that
More informationReproductive System & Development: Practice Questions #1
Reproductive System & Development: Practice Questions #1 1. Which two glands in the diagram produce gametes? A. glands A and B B. glands B and E C. glands C and F D. glands E and F 2. Base your answer
More informationCHAPTER 9 BODY ORGANIZATION
CHAPTER 9 BODY ORGANIZATION Objectives Identify the meaning of 10 or more terms relating to the organization of the body Describe the properties of life Describe the function for the structures of the
More informationWelcome to Human Anatomy & Physiology Z333
Welcome to Human Anatomy & Physiology Z333 Instructor: Office: E-Mail: Phone: Office Hours: Mike LeMaster 2025 Cordley Hall lemastem@bcc.orst.edu 737-3705 (Zoology office) MWF 3:00-4:00 pm or by appointment
More information