Copyright 2012 Yale University. How to Use Learn to Read Greek List of Abbreviations Numbers in Greek 315

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1 Copyright 2012 Yale University C o n t e n t s Preface How to Use Learn to Read Greek List of Abbreviations xi xiii xvii 100. Numbers in Greek 315 Chapter Vocabulary 319 Vocabulary Notes 320 Derivatives and Cognates The Verbs δύναμαι and ἐπίσταμαι Noun Morphology: Third Declension, -εύς, -έως Reflexive Pronouns and Reflexive Possession 326 Reflexive Pronouns 326 Direct and Indirect Reflexives 328 Reflexive Possession 329 Summary of Reflexive Possession Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs Regular Comparison of Adjectives 331 Regular Comparison of Adverbs Constructions with the Comparative and Superlative Degrees 333 Comparison with ἤ 333 Genitive of Comparison 333 Dative of Degree of Difference Genitive of Time Within Which Dative of Time When Accusative of Extent of Time Accusative of Extent of Space 337 Short Readings 338 Longer Readings 352 v

2 vi Copyright 2012 Yale University Chapter Vocabulary 361 Vocabulary Notes 362 Derivatives and Cognates Participles Future Active Participle 368 Future Middle Participle 369 Future Passive Participle 370 Perfect Active Participle 371 Perfect Middle/Passive Participle 372 Periphrastic Forms Using the Perfect Middle/Passive Participle 373 Summary of Future and Perfect Participle Endings Synopsis 5: All Indicative Tenses, Infinitives, and Participles The Circumstantial Participle 376 Particles and Adverbs Used with Circumstantial Participles 378 Summary of Particles and Adverbs Used with Circumstantial Participles Genitive Absolute Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs νυ μι Verbs 385 Short Readings 388 Longer Readings 405 Chapter Vocabulary 419 Vocabulary Notes 420 Derivatives and Cognates Introduction to the Imperative Present Active and Middle/Passive Imperative of All Verbs 426 Present Active and Middle/Passive Imperative of -μι Verbs 426 Present Active and Middle/Passive Imperative of Omega Verbs Aorist Active, Middle, and Passive Imperative of All Verbs 431 First Aorist Active and Middle Imperative of All Verbs 431 Second Aorist Active and Middle Imperative of All Verbs 432 Aorist Passive Imperative of All Verbs The Perfect Active Imperative of οἶδα 434 Summary of Imperative Endings 435

3 Copyright 2012 Yale University vii 120. Additional Notes on the Imperative 435 Clauses of Effort Introduction to the Subjunctive Present Active and Middle/Passive Subjunctive of All Verbs 437 Present Active and Middle/Passive Subjunctive of Omega Verbs 438 Present Active and Middle/Passive Subjunctive of -μι Verbs Aorist Active and Middle Subjunctive of All Verbs Aorist Passive Subjunctive of All Verbs The Perfect Active Subjunctive of οἶδα Synopsis 6: Indicative, Subjunctive, Imperative Moods, Infinitives, and Participles Three Independent Uses of the Subjunctive 446 Hortatory Subjunctive 446 Deliberative Subjunctive 446 Prohibitive Subjunctive 448 Summary of Independent Subjunctives Conditional Sentences Present General Conditional Sentences 448 Future More Vivid Conditional Sentences 449 Summary of Conditional Sentences Adjectives Ending in -ύς, -εῖα, -ύ Epexegetical Infinitive 452 Short Readings 454 Longer Readings 469 Continuous Readings 482 Chapter Vocabulary 487 Vocabulary Notes 488 Derivatives and Cognates Introduction to the Optative Present Active and Middle/Passive Optative of Omega Verbs 493 Alternate Present Active Optative Endings for Contracted Verbs Present Active and Middle/Passive Optative of -μι Verbs Future Active, Middle, and Passive Optative of All Verbs 498 Future Active and Middle Optative of All Verbs 498 Future Passive Optative of All Verbs 499

4 viii Copyright 2012 Yale University 135. First Aorist Active and Middle Optative of All Verbs Second Aorist Active and Middle Optative of All Verbs Aorist Passive Optative of All Verbs The Perfect Active Optative of οἶδα 502 Summary of Optative Endings Synopsis 7: Complete Synopsis Expressions of Wish and Possibility 506 Optative of Wish 506 Unattainable Wishes 507 Potential Optative 507 Past Potential 508 Summary of Expressions of Wish and Possibility Conditional Sentences Past General Conditional Sentences 509 Future Less Vivid Conditional Sentences 509 Summary of Conditional Sentences The Optative in Indirect Statement The Indefinite Relative Pronoun ὅστις, ἥτις, ὅτι and Indefinite Relative Clauses Conditional Relative Clauses 513 Present and Past Simple Conditional Relatives 513 Present and Past General Conditional Relatives 514 Future More and Less Vivid Conditional Relatives The Verb εἶμι The Root Aorist 518 Short Readings 519 Longer Readings 538 Continuous Readings 550 Chapter Vocabulary 557 Vocabulary Notes 558 Derivatives and Cognates Purpose Clauses 563 Summary of Purpose Clauses The Verbs δίδωμι and τίθημι 564 Present and Imperfect Active and Middle/Passive of δίδωμι and τίθημι 565 Aorist Active and Middle of δίδωμι and τίθημι 567

5 Copyright 2012 Yale University ix 149. Indirect Questions 571 Retained Direct Interrogatives 571 Alternative Questions 572 Double Direct Questions 572 Double Indirect Questions Indefinite Relatives 573 Short Readings 574 Longer Readings 589 Continuous Readings 605 Chapter Vocabulary 611 Vocabulary Notes 612 Derivatives and Cognates The Verb ἵστημι 616 Present and Imperfect Active and Middle/Passive of ἵστημι 616 Root Aorist of ἵστημι 618 Perfect and Pluperfect Active of ἵστημι Temporal Clauses Present General Temporal Sentences 621 Past General Temporal Sentences 621 Future More Vivid Temporal Sentences 622 Future Less Vivid Temporal Sentences 622 Past Simple/Past Definite Temporal Sentences 623 Summary of Temporal Sentences Correlatives 624 Virtual Indirect Questions Result Clauses 627 Actual Result Clause 627 Natural Result Clause 627 Summary of Result Clauses 628 Overview of Interrogative/Demonstrative/Relative/Exclamatory Pronouns and Adjectives 629 Overview of Interrogative/Demonstrative/Relative/Indefinite (Enclitic)/ Exclamatory Adverbs and Conjunctions 630 Short Readings 631 Longer Readings 648 Continuous Readings 666

6 x Copyright 2012 Yale University Chapter Vocabulary 675 Vocabulary Notes 676 Derivatives and Cognates The Verb Rημι 680 Present and Imperfect Active and Middle/Passive of Rημι 680 Aorist Active and Middle of Rημι Temporal Clauses 2: πρίν, μέχρι, and ἕως 684 Summary of Temporal Clauses Fear Clauses 686 Summary of Fear Clauses The Verbal Adjective Ending in -τέος, -τέa, -τέον 688 Personal (Passive) Construction 688 Impersonal (Active or Middle) Construction Accusative Absolute 689 Short Readings 691 Longer Readings 713 Continuous Readings 721 List of Authors and Passages Greek to English Vocabulary English to Greek Vocabulary Principal Parts of Verbs Verbs Introducing Indirect Statement General Index English Index Greek Index a1 a12 a27 a52 a62 a63 a63 a73