PRACTICAL MANAGEMENT OF GRAPEVINE TRUNK DISEASES NZ WINE PROJECT OUTCOMES

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1 PRACTICAL MANAGEMENT OF GRAPEVINE TRUNK DISEASES NZ WINE PROJECT OUTCOMES Mark Sosnowski (SARDI) Dion Mundy, Pratap Vanga (PFR) & Matthew Ayres (SARDI)

2 Grapevine trunk diseases Eutypa dieback Eutypa lata and Diatrypaceaous spp. Botryosphaeria dieback Botrysphaeriaceous spp. M. Jaspers M. Jaspers

3 Disease cycle Botryosphaeria dieback Botryosphaeria Eutypa dieback Canker Toxins Eutypa Eutypa Infected wood Eutypa Fruiting bodies Trunk cross section Eutypa Botryosphaeria Fungal spores Infected xylem vessels Open wound

4 NZW 13-1 Sustaining vineyards through practical management of grapevine trunk diseases July June 216 Project objectives Trunk disease surveys Pruning wound protection Evaluation Spray application Economic analysis

5 Trunk disease surveys December 213 (HB, M) & 215 (CO) 736 vineyard blocks 22 varieties 2 vines per block Foliar and dieback symptoms Hawke s Bay (256 bocks) Marlborough (441 blocks) Central Otago (39 blocks)

6 Trunk disease surveys

7 Trunk disease surveys GTD incidence 1 Hawkes Bay Marlborough Central Otago 8 Incidence (%) Vine age (years) Hawke s Bay Marlborough Central Otago

8 Trunk disease surveys Rainfall (long term average) 12 Source: 1 Monthly rainfall (mm) Napier Blenheim Alexandra 2 Pruning season JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

9 Trunk disease surveys Variety Source: Wine Australia GTD symptom severity (%)

10 Trunk disease surveys Pruning method Proportion of vineyards assessed GTD incidence (%) Cane 6% HAWKE'S BAY Cordon 15% Cordon 4% 6 4 MARLBOROUGH 2 Cane-pruned Cordon-pruned Cane 85%

11 Trunk disease surveys Pruning method 2 18 GTD incidence (%) Cane-pruned Cordon-pruned Cane-pruned Cordon-pruned Average age (y) Source: Wine Australia

12 Trunk disease surveys Rootstocks Clones GTD incidence (%) Sauvignon Blanc (15 +) SO4 (25) Schwarzman (9) Riparia Gloire (4) Millardet (4) GTD incidence (%) Pinot Noir (15+ yo) B 115 (3) UCD 5 (13) UCD 6 (9) AM 1/5 (4) Rootstock (# blocks) Clones (# blocks) Pinot Noir (15+) Chardonnay (15+ yo) GTD incidence (%) GTD incidence (%) Schwarzman (8) SO4 (8) Teleki 5C (4) Couderc 339 (7) UCD 6 (1) Mendoza (11) UCD 15 (1) B 95 (4) Rootstock (# blocks) Clones (# blocks)

13 Pruning wound protection Detached Cane Assays Eutypa lata Isolation Pruning Wound treatment Inoculation Neofusicoccum luteum Vineyard evaluations

14 Pruning wound protection Disease control Sauvignon Blanc - Marlborough 1 Eutypa dieback Disease control (%) Disease control (%) Botryosphaeria dieback 3 ml 6 ml 15 ml 5 ml 1 ml 25 ml 1 ml 2 ml 5 ml 21 g 42 g 15 g 2 g 4 g 1 g Folicur Chief Gem Dithane Megastar Fungicides (application rate/1 L)

15 Pruning wound protection Natural alternatives 1 Detached cane assay Eutypa dieback Botryosphaeria dieback Disease control (%) TriD25 (1 g/l) Biorepel (1 ml/l) HML 32 (undiluted) Trichoderma spp. Garlic extract Potassium bicarbonate

16 Pruning wound protection Timing of application Eutypa and Botryosphaeria dieback 1 Curative (Inoculated with pathogen on day of pruning) Disease control (%) Chief Folicur Chief Folicur Chief Folicur Fungicide (Day 1) Fungicide (Day 3) Fungicide (Day 6) Disease control (%) Preventative (Fungicide applied on day of pruning) Chief Folicur Chief Folicur Chief Folicur Pathogen (Day 1) Pathogen (Day 7) Pathogen (Day 14)

17 Pruning wound protection Spray application 1 Hawke s Bay (cordon-pruned Cab Sauv) Eutypa dieback Botryosphaeria dieback Disease control (%) L/ha 6 L/ha 1 L/ha 2 L/ha 9 L/ha Paintbrush Air-shear Weed Recycle Sprayer (water volume) Modified weed sprayer Recycle sprayer Disease control (%) Marlborough (cane-pruned Sauv Blanc) Eutypa dieback Botryosphaeria dieback 3 L/ha 6 L/ha 3 L/ha 6 L/ha 85 L/ha Paintbrush Tangential Air-shear Recycle Sprayer (water volume) Tangential sprayer Air-shear sprayer

18 Pruning wound protection Spray application

19 Economic analysis Greg McCarthy Sutton McCarthy Ltd Cost of wound treatment Cane-pruned Based on 2,22 vines/ha Cordon-pruned Spray application $12/ha $12/ha Hand application $24/ha $46/ha

20 Economic analysis Greg McCarthy Sutton McCarthy Ltd Annual wound treatment programme Cumulative NPV annual cost/ha $12, $1, $8, $6, $4, A Do Nothing B Spray Annually C Hand Paint Annually Relative NPV benefit of reducing GTD Based on: Sauvignon Blanc Cane-pruned 222 vines per ha $2, $- Cost recovered NPV = net present value Age of vineyard (years)

21 Economic analysis Greg McCarthy Sutton McCarthy Ltd Annual wound treatment programme Cumulative NPV annual cost/ha $12, $1, $8, $6, $4, A Do Nothing B Spray Annually C Hand Paint Annually Relative NPV benefit of reducing GTD Based on: Sauvignon Blanc Cane-pruned 222 vines per ha $2, $- Cost recovered NPV = net present value Age of vineyard (years)

22 Economic analysis Greg McCarthy Sutton McCarthy Ltd Remedial and preventative response $14, Based on: Sauvignon Blanc Cane-pruned 222 vines per ha Relative annualized NPV future cost/ha $12, $1, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2,5 $2, 3% A Do Nothing B Apply Spray Annually C Remove, Replace Symptomatic Vines & Spray Annually D Rework/Graft Symptomatic Vines & Spray Annually E Remove & Replace All Vines & Spray Annually $- % % 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 1% F Rework/Regraft All Vines & Spray Annually Incidence of Trunk Disease (%) NPV = net present value

23 Economic analysis Greg McCarthy Sutton McCarthy Ltd Remedial and preventative response $14, Based on: Sauvignon Blanc Cane-pruned 222 vines per ha Relative annualized NPV future cost/ha $12, $1, $8, $6, $5, $4, $3,9 $2, 6% A Do Nothing B Apply Spray Annually C Remove, Replace Symptomatic Vines & Spray Annually D Rework/Graft Symptomatic Vines & Spray Annually E Remove & Replace All Vines & Spray Annually $- % % 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 1% F Rework/Regraft All Vines & Spray Annually Incidence of Trunk Disease (%) NPV = net present value

24 Economic analysis Greg McCarthy Sutton McCarthy Ltd Remedial and preventative response Relative annualized NPV future cost/ha $14, $12, $1, $8, $6, $4, $2, $- % % 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 1% Incidence of Trunk Disease (%) 8% A Do Nothing B Apply Spray Annually Based on: Sauvignon Blanc Cane-pruned 222 vines per ha C Remove, Replace Symptomatic Vines & Spray Annually D Rework/Graft Symptomatic Vines & Spray Annually E Remove & Replace All Vines & Spray Annually F Rework/Regraft All Vines & Spray Annually NPV = net present value

25 Economic analysis Greg McCarthy Sutton McCarthy Ltd Take-home messages Early adoption of wound protection will minimize future cost Spray application will further reduce cost Once GTD evident, remediation + preventative sprays can provide up to $3,/ha benefit Potential national value of implementing remedial and spray treatments is $4m per annum

26 Acknowledgements

27 More information NZ Winegrowers website Final report Fact sheet

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