Note to teachers. Newton s Laws of Motion (Science) Monday, January 25, 2010

Transcription

1 Week 20(01-25 to ) Newton s Laws of Motion (Science) Monday, January 25, 2010 Note to teachers Starting this week, the homeroom activities will address science benchmarks. On Mondays, students will watch a science video. On Tuesdays, they will read a science passage and answer questions about it. (NEW!) On Wednesdays, they will work on the Science Vocabulary words. These words will be on a PowerPoint for teachers in an interactive classroom and on a transparency for teachers not in an interactive classroom. Students will engage in silent reading the rest of the week. 1

2 Read the passage and answer the questions: Newton s Laws of Motion Isaac Newton, while a student at Cambridge, showed no particular scientific talent. When the plague closed the university in 1665, Newton returned home to Lincolnshire, England. There he continued his studies on his own, and there his genius emerged. Within 18 months after leaving Cambridge, he made his revolutionary advances in mathematics, optics, physics, and astronomy. He began a lifetime of scientific work that had tremendous influence on modern science. His three laws of motion form the foundation for all interactions of force, matter, and motion. He published these laws in 1686 in his book Principia Mathematica. Newton s first law is that if a body (anything with mass) is at rest or moving at a constant speed in a straight line, it will remain at rest or keep moving in a straight line at constant speed unless it is acted upon by a force. This is the law of inertia. Prior to the 17 th century, it was thought that bodies could only move only as long as a force acted on them; they would remain at rest if no force moved them. Newton s first law helped scientists realize that no force was needed to keep the planets moving in their orbits. Newton s second law states that the larger the force, the larger the acceleration; and the larger the mass, the smaller the acceleration. This law helps explain why if the same force is exerted on two objects, the lighter object will accelerate more quickly. Newton s third law postulates that the actions of two bodies upon each other are always equal and directly opposite; that is, reaction is always equal and opposite to action. For example, the downward force of a book lying on a table is equal to the upward force of the table on the book. This law of motion is particularly relevant when considering gravitational forces a flying airplane pulls up on the earth with the same force that the earth pulls down on the airplane. 2

3 Question 1 Mark the main idea Mark the statement that is too broad Mark the statement that is too narrow M B N a) Isaac Newton was a student at Cambridge University. b) Isaac Newton contributed to science. c) Isaac Newton formulated the three laws of motion. Question 2 The passage is mostly about a) Newton s laws of motion. b) Newton s education. c) the work habits of scientists. d) why planets stay in their orbits. Question 3 Newton s first law of motion helped 17 th -century scientists understand a) velocity. b) the orbits of planets. c) acceleration. d) inertia. Question 4 From reading about Newton s early life, one can conclude that he a) learned more in school than on his own. b) was most successful when working independently. c) thought he had great teachers at Cambridge. d) wanted to start his own school. 3

4 Question 5 The second through fourth paragraphs a) explain each of Newton s laws. b) give a brief biography of Newton. c) sum up Newton s lifetime of work. d) explain mathematics, optics, and physics. Question 6 In this passage, revolutionary means a) having to do with wars for freedom. b) spinning in a circle. c) new and surprising. d) orbiting around the sun. Answer key: 1a. N 1b. B 1c. M 2) a 3) b 4) b 5) a 6) c Note to teachers: If you are in an intelligent classroom, please show these websites to your students. If not, then give them the URLs for them to do it at home. COOL WEBSITES: Newton s Laws Your students are going to love this website. It features the three laws set to rap music. Click on TUNE IN to hear the songs. Simulation of the first law 4

5 The Mind of Isaac Newton (Interactive application) FCAT Astronomy Words Teachers, if you are in an interactive classroom, please show students the PowerPoint with the FCAT Astronomy Words. If you are NOT in an interactive classroom, show them the transparency I placed in your mailbox and have them copy the definitions of the Astronomy Words. Friday Silent Reading 5