Reuse of Waste Water to Boost Financial Viability of STPs : A Case Study

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Britton Warner
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1 Reuse of Waste Water to Boost Financial Viability of STPs : A Case Study Sanjay Sethi, IAS, Municipal Commissioner Nagpur

2 Water Reuse in India Recognition that Raw Water Supply Sources Are Limited Competition between Municipal and Irrigation Demands Now A Reality Economics Of Water Reuse Are Now More Attractive Water Reuse Is Occurring Extensively, But Informally Main Challenge Is to Establish Policies and Water Quality Standards Drafted Vendors And Service Providers Are Getting More Interested In Turnkey Delivery of Water Reuse Projects

3 Current Water Reuse Global Trends Regulatory Increasingly Science-Based, Risk-Based Uniform Rules, Standards, Procedures Institutional Liaison between Disparate Agencies New Utility to Distribute, Sell, Promote Recycled Water Integrated Water Resources Planning = strong role for water reuse Financing and Funding Identification of Beneficiaries Allocation of Costs and Benefits Infrastructure Development Planning Construction of Capital Assets Project Management Operation and Maintenance Asset Management

4 Nagpur History : 300 Years old. Location : Geographical Centre of India. Population: 2.30 million Area : 217 Sq. Km Political : Winter Capital of Maharashtra. Known for : Oranges Facilities : Education, Health Services. Tourist Place : 4 Major Tiger Projects. Weather : Temp 80c to 480c(Summer). Rainfall mm. Growth in Population: Reach 5.0 million in next 25 years.

5 NAGPUR WATER SUPPLY Ye a r P o p u la ti on W a te r S u p p ly in m ld lp c d R a te Am b a z a ri + G o re w a d a A m b a za ri + G o re wa d a + K anhan A m b a sa ri + G o re wa d a + 1 s t Au g. K a n h a n Am b a z a ri (d is c a rd e d ), G o re wa d a + 3 T im e s Au g. to K a n h a n G o re wa d a + K a nha n + P e n c h -I + P e n c h -II G o re wa d a + K a nha n + P e nch -I + P e nch -II + P e n c h -III S o u rc e s New sources are far away from city needs huge investment and Energy for pumping

6 WATER SUPPLY MASTER PLAN Year Demand Supply (As on 2004) Future Planning Surplus / Deficit Over Existing Supply (+/-) Mld Net Surplus / Deficit Over Existing + Future Planned Supply (Pench-IV additional thru Water saving) (-) (Pench-IV) + 175(Rahari-I) (-) (Pench-IV) + 175(Rahari-I) + 175(Rahari-II) (-) Pop 5.0 million

7 GREATER NAGPUR REGION NON- IRRIGATION WATER DEMAND / SUPPLY SCENARIO BY THE YEAR 2031 (WITHOUT WATER REUSE) DEMAND SOURCES CONSUMER QTY IN mm3/yr EXISTING/ PLANNED SOURCES QTY IN mm3/yr INVESTMENT IN CRORE NMC 393 PENCH KANHAN 55 RAHARI KOCHI CARGO HUB MIHAN 50 LOWER WANNA 15 MSEB/POWER GENERATION 127 PENCH + KOCHI TOTAL (-55) 2000

8 GREATER NAGPUR REGION NON- IRRIGATION WATER DEMAND / SUPPLY SCENARIO BY THE YEAR 2031 (WITHOUT WATER REUSE) The huge investment of 2000 Crore will not satisfy the water demand from all sources. Additional sources will be at higher capital cost more fossil fuel consumption per liter of water Inter-state issues. No additional water available for industrial & irrigational use from major identified sources. Nagpur will become water stressed region & conflict between urban / rural / industrial sector will be more intense.

9 WATER USAGE

10 WATER USAGE EFFICIENCY IMPROVE EFFICIENCY BY 15 % IMPROVE EFFICIENCY BY 10 %

11 IF SINGAPORE REUSE WATER FOR POTABLE NEEDS WITH AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY NAGPUR : ATLEAST NON POTABLE REUSE MUST START

12 WENEXA-II Government of Maharashtra selected Nagpur for pilot project for water reuse. USAID providing technical assistance under Water & Energy Nexus project WENEXA-II. Wenexa team started the work in June Mahagenco and other major water consumers has given consent to use reclaimed water for non potable application (Consumers has given consent to reuse 245 mld of treated waste water) MOU has been signed between NMC and Mahagenco for new TPS Detailed Project Report on 110 mld of Water reuse for TPS prepared under WENEXA-II. The project of Rs.130 crore approved for receiving 70% grant under JNNURM.

13 Water Reuse Options in Greater Nagpur Region Industrial Use / Power Plants. Special Projects (MIHAN). Institutional / Commercial use Within NMC area. Irrigation Use. Landscaping / Gardening / Fountains / Flushing within NMC area.

14 WASTE WATER USAGE POTENTIAL FOR GREATER NAGPUR REGION Name of Plant Design Capacity STP (Mld) Central Zone Name of User Demand (Mld) Reuse in Nagpur City (Bhande Wadi) Existing Proposed North Zone (Pioli Nadi) Proposed Immediate Ultimate Irrigation Project Mah. State Power Generation Company (MSPGCL) 110 MIHAN (Cargo Hub) South Zone (Near Vill.-Ghogali) Proposed 100 Total Capacity (Mld) Balance (Mld) 380 Total Demand

15 ECONOMICS OF WATER REUSE Sr. No. 1 Organisation / User Nagpur City Reuse Non-Potable Water Demand Project Cost (Mld) (Crores Rs.) Sewage Treatment Plant (South Zone:Ghogali 100 mld) 2 Mah. State Power Generation Co. ltd. (MSPGCL) Irrigation Project MIHAN (Cargo Hub) Total Cost Per Mld (in Crores Rs.) Average Fresh Water Project Cost per Mld (in Crores Rs.)

16 GREATER NAGPUR REGION NON- IRRIGATION WATER DEMAND / SUPPLY SCENARIO BY THE YEAR 2031 (WITH WATER REUSE) DEMAND SOURCES CONSUMER QTY IN mm3/yr EXISTING/ PLANNED SOURCES QTY IN mm3/yr INVESTMENT IN CRORE NMC 393 PENCH KANHAN 55 RAHARI 128 CARGO HUB MIHAN 50 LOWER WANNA 15 MSEB/POWER GENERATION 127 PENCH 67 REUSE POTENTIAL 300 TOTAL (+185)

17 Water Reuse Brochure

19 Pilot Plant on Micro-Filtration Picture shows quality of water Produce after Micro filtration ( Left to Right) CMF-S Output CMF-S Input STP Input

20 NMC WATER REUSE MASTER PLAN NORTH ZONE STP (PROPOSED) 100 MLD BHANDEWADI STP MLD MINI STP PLANT 2-5 MLD SOUTH ZONE STP (PROPOSED) 100 MLD Consumer Water Reuse In mld MAHAGENCO 110 MIHAN 40 IRRIGATION 70 CITY BULK 25 TOTAL 245

21 Typical Water Reuse: Matching Quality to End use Categories Treatment Goals Applications Urban Use. Secondary, filtration, disinfection BOD5 <10mg/L, Turbidity < 2 NTU, Fecal coliform :NDb/100ml, Cl2 residual:1 mg/l ph : 6 to 9 Landscape Irrigation, green belt development, Fire protection, Ornamental fountains, Construction activity, Toilet flushing, Car washing, air conditioning etc. Recreational Use Secondary, filtration, disinfection BOD5 <10mg/L, TSS < 30mg/L, Fecal coliform:< 200/100ml, Cl2 residual:1 mg/l ph : 6 to 9 Fishing, Boating etc. Industrial Use Secondary, disinfection BOD5 < 30mg/L, TSS < 30mg/L, Fecal coliform:< 200/100ml, Cooling System Make-up water, Air conditioning, Boiler feed water, Construction activity, washing at service center etc.

22 Conventional with Media Filtration Membrane Filtration Treatment Conventional Effluent Quality BOD <20 TP < 2.4 TN < 15 FC ~ 5000/100 ml BOD < 7 TP < 1.2 TN < 10 FC ~ 1000 /100 ml BOD < 2 TP < 0.2 TN < 3 FC ~ 3/100 ml

23 Recycle and Reuse A Balancing Act t s o C d nt e m ire y g lo no h c Te Irrigation Secondary Treatment u q Re Restricted Urban Reuse Tertiary Filtration n a s Direct Potable or High Quality Process RO & Indirect Disinfection Potable Reuse Industrial NonPotable Reuse N&P Control ry e v o c e tr s o C g Tertiary membrane Filtration in s a e r c e D

24 WATER REUSE FOR MSPGCL POWER PLANT AT KORADI & KHAPARKHEDA

25 Water quality requirement and suitability Power Plants Sr. No. Application Required water quality (critical parameters) Suitability of secondarytreated wastewater 1. Ash handling Heavy metals below limits Yes 2. Boiler feed Conductivity < 1, Hardness Nil No, require extensive tertiary treatment 3. Cooling tower make up Hardness: Nil, Chlorides: low Yes, through existing softeners after tertiary filtration and disinfection. 4. Domestic Drinking water quality No

26 MSPGC Power Stations: recycled water potential (Mm3/year) End use of recycled water Existing power stations Proposed power stations Total for all by 2011 Existing Khaperkheda Existing Koradi Total Proposed Khaperkheda Proposed Koradi Total by Cooling tower make up TOTAL Ash handling (237 mld) Water requirement for all power stations by Ash handling Cooling tower Total requirement (Mm3/year) Water requirement for proposed power stations Ash handling Cooling tower

27 Project Component (Plant capacity 110 mld) NMC NMC MahaGenco MahaGenco MahaGenco 110 mld

28 Recycle & Reuse of Waste Water: Project Component & Cost (1 million = 10 lakhs) Sr. No Component Estimate (Wenexa-DPR) in Rs.Lakhs Cost Approved by JnNURM in Rs. Lakhs 1 Module A : Intake for Raw sewage Module B: STP (Primary & Second) Module C (Transmission System) Module D (Tertiary treatment) Module- E (Interlinking of STPs) TOTAL INR 1.3 bn

29 Project Financing NMC-Mahagenco Proposal for project funding approved on Dec. 22, 2006 for INR 1.3 bn. (US $ 28 mn) The capital grant of 70% under JnNURM (GOI grant 50% + State grant 20% + NMC share 30%) First installment received in Feb NMC share of capital cost will be met by Mahagenco O & M cost will be borne by Mahagenco for 30 years Mahagenco shall pay the water Rs1.50 / kl to NMC. Agreement will be for 30 years. Wenexa team providing the necessary support for finalization of agreement

30 Project Benefits Saving of 110 mld of fresh water, sufficient to cater 0.8 million population. New STP of 130 mld will improve ecology and environment of water bodies. Reliable and economical source of water for power plant Additional revenue to NMC Saving in energy cost as alternative source need huge energy for pumping. Opens the possibility of swap of existing fresh water consumption of 140 mld in power plant, sufficient to meet 1.03 million population.

31 THANK YOU

Water Recycling in action in South Australia: a review of agricultural and municipal reuse schemes and innovation.

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