ROUTINE COAL and COKE ANALYSIS:

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1 At Western Kentucky University, Riley was a professor and also Director of the Materials Characterization Center. In addition to his teaching, Riley conducted research in coal characterization and analysis, the development of analytical and instrumental analysis methods, and the analysis of major, minor and trace elements in materials. He was the project director for many externally funded studies and wrote or co-wrote 180 papers published in professional journals and proceedings as well as five books. Riley is a member of the American Chemical Society, where he served as an elected councilor for the Fuel Chemistry Division for 15 years. He also chaired the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Subcommittee 5 on Methods of Analysis of Solid Mineral Fuels, a part of ISO Technical Committee 27, for 8 years. Dr. Riley earned a B.S. in chemistry and mathematics from Western Kentucky University and a Ph.D. in inorganic and analytical chemistry from the University of Kentucky. He has won several professional awards including ASTM International s R.A. Glenn Award (Committee D05) and Award of Merit. Routine Coal and Coke Analysis: 2nd Edition Dr., professor emeritus of Western Kentucky University, has served as secretary, vice chair, and chair of ASTM International Committee D05 on Coal and Coke. He has also been chair of Subcommittee D05.29 and several D05 task groups in addition to serving as secretary of others. He has served as chair of task groups leading to the development of six standard test methods advancing instrumental coal analysis, and has written papers promoting the use of ASTM standards both domestically and internationally. ISBN: Stock #: MNL57-2ND ROUTINE COAL and COKE ANALYSIS: Collection, Interpretation, and Use of Analytical Data 2nd Edition ASTM International

2 Routine Coal and Coke Analysis: Collection, Interpretation, and Use of Analytical Data 2nd Edition ASTM Stock Number: MNL57-2ND ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA Printed in the U.S.A.

3 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Riley, John T. (John Thomas), Routine coal and coke analysis : collection, interpretation, and use of analytical data /. MNL57: 2nd edition. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN Coal. 2. Coke. I. Title. TP325.R dc Copyright 2014 ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or copied, in whole or in part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or other distribution and storage media, without the written consent of the publisher. Photocopy Rights Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use, or the internal, personal, or educational classroom use of specific clients, is granted by ASTM International provided that the appropriate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) ; ASTM International is not responsible, as a body, for the statements and opinions advanced in the publication. ASTM International does not endorse any products represented in this publication. Printed in Baltimore, MD September 2014

4 Foreword THIS PUBLICATION, Routine Coal and Coke Analysis: Collection, Interpretation, and Use of Analytical Data was sponsored by Committee D05 on Coal and Coke and it is the second edition of Manual 57 of ASTM International s manual series.

5 Contents Foreword iii Introduction 1 1. Classification of Coals by Rank 3 2. Microcomponents in Coal Sampling and Sample Preparation Coal and Coke Testing Proximate Analysis Ultimate Analysis Calculating Coal Analyses from As-Determined Values to Different Bases Miscellaneous Analysis Developments in Instrumentation for Routine Coal and Coke Analysis 123 References 131 Index 139

6 Introduction Coal is a very heterogeneous material containing various combinations of organic matter and mineral matter. The principal elements in the organic matter are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. The mineral matter may contain detectable quantities of as many as 60 elements, which together make up the various minerals found in coal. These minerals include clay minerals, pyrite, marcasite, calcite, silica, and smaller amounts of other minerals. However, the analysis of coal is generally determined from representative samples of the material and not from the individual components. Typical analysis ranges of important analytical parameters (as-received basis) for the principal ranks of coal are given in the table that follows [1]. (In this table and throughout this text all percentages are percent mass fractions unless otherwise noted.) The values for oxygen and hydrogen in this table include the hydrogen and oxygen values for sample moisture. Another common practice is not to report the hydrogen and oxygen in the sample moisture as part of the hydrogen and oxygen values for the coal. Typical Composition and Physical Property Ranges for Various Ranks of Coal Anthracite Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Moisture (%) Volatile matter (%) Fixed carbon (%) Ash (%) Sulfur (%) Hydrogen (%) Carbon (%) Nitrogen (%) Oxygen (%) Btu/lb 12,000 13,500 12,000 14, , Density (g/ml) Source: Reprinted with permission from [1].

7 At Western Kentucky University, Riley was a professor and also Director of the Materials Characterization Center. In addition to his teaching, Riley conducted research in coal characterization and analysis, the development of analytical and instrumental analysis methods, and the analysis of major, minor and trace elements in materials. He was the project director for many externally funded studies and wrote or co-wrote 180 papers published in professional journals and proceedings as well as five books. Riley is a member of the American Chemical Society, where he served as an elected councilor for the Fuel Chemistry Division for 15 years. He also chaired the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Subcommittee 5 on Methods of Analysis of Solid Mineral Fuels, a part of ISO Technical Committee 27, for 8 years. Dr. Riley earned a B.S. in chemistry and mathematics from Western Kentucky University and a Ph.D. in inorganic and analytical chemistry from the University of Kentucky. He has won several professional awards including ASTM International s R.A. Glenn Award (Committee D05) and Award of Merit. Routine Coal and Coke Analysis: 2nd Edition Dr., professor emeritus of Western Kentucky University, has served as secretary, vice chair, and chair of ASTM International Committee D05 on Coal and Coke. He has also been chair of Subcommittee D05.29 and several D05 task groups in addition to serving as secretary of others. He has served as chair of task groups leading to the development of six standard test methods advancing instrumental coal analysis, and has written papers promoting the use of ASTM standards both domestically and internationally. ISBN: Stock #: MNL57-2ND ROUTINE COAL and COKE ANALYSIS: Collection, Interpretation, and Use of Analytical Data 2nd Edition ASTM International

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