Impact of Stressors on Withdrawal Behavior: The Moderating Effect of Psychological Flexibility

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Impact of Stressors on Withdrawal Behavior: The Moderating Effect of Psychological Flexibility"

Transcription

1 2015 International Conference on Management Science & Engineering (22 th ) October 19-22, 2015 Dubai, United Arab Emirates Impact of Stressors on Withdrawal Behavior: The Moderating Effect of Psychological Flexibility ZU Xiao-qian,ZHANG Li,WU Yong-xiang School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin , P.R.China Abstract: Work withdrawal behavior deeply inhibits the growth of corporation. The problem that Chinese firm has faced is no longer about staff s capability; delay in mission completion and work withdrawal appears to be the major issue of the firm due to the work stress. Thus, employees should strengthen their psychological construction, and organization managers should choose the appropriate stressor to improve the performance. This purpose of this study is to conduct a moderating model to investigate the effect of stress on withdrawal behavior and its boundary condition. Date We choose 3 variable: Challenge stressor- hindrance Stressor, Psychological flexibility, Work withdrawal behavior, and used the hierarchical regression to test the research model, and the result showed that financial service staffs in northeast China are suffered with high level stress. We also give out the suggestions to enhance psychological flexibility and reduce the withdrawal behaviors. Keywords: challenge stressor, hindrance stressor, psychological flexibility, work withdrawal behavior 1 Introduction Work withdrawal behavior has been the major obstacles in Chinese firms. Fierce competition, stressful work and fast pace of personal life have become the hottest issues these days. For what it worth, officer in Finance sector has the most admirable job among others, but this group of people shows dissatisfaction. 29th of December, NO 1 Chinese Human Resources Institute has conducted a research report, regarding the satisfaction of Chinese office worker. It shows the results for life satisfaction and job satisfaction are 2.22 and 2.41 respectively (total mark is 5.0), majority of workers consider their lives are busy and boring. Besides ANNUAL REPORT ON CHINESE WOMEN S STATE OF LIFE eno has pointed out, only 35.8% of the female workers show satisfaction, rest has faced various stress which is a common scenario [1]. From world announced office management firm-lse: RGU s latest report, Job personal finance Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( ) condition stress from the boss have been ranking as the top three stress sources. If you Google work stress, there will be millions of articles popped up, total number will be several times more than others. Some people will choose psychological test or professional advice to reduce their stressors, others would behave differently, such as arrive late, leave early or just laid back at the workplace. If there was an opportunity for workers to choose between job with stress and job without stress, normally people would choose the one with stress, since most of the people would consider job without stress is much more terrified than the other, even though the first one may let worker feel exhausted. Various stressors may cause different outcomes, whereas how the officers cope with the stressor in order to improve themselves, or how to reduce the negative influence from the stressor has been considered to be an undeniable issue. If the workers have trouble in dealing with the stressors, no matter how the firm conducts its management strategies, it wouldn t carry out the outcome the firm wanted. To who may concern, the research on how workers would withdraw their behavior or adjust their psychological flexibility has its theoretical significance. 2 Literature review 2.1 Work stressor Work stressor exists in almost all the work organization and individual, has increasingly become the key problem of practitioners and researchers concerned. According to the study by Cavanaugh et al, challenge stressor is a kind of stressor can bring the positive influence to the enterprise and staff, blocking stressor refers to a negative impact on enterprises and employees of the stressor, it will reach hinder personal growth and goals, so that stressor will bring negative effects [2]. In recent years, challenging - blocking study stressor is concentrated in three aspects: the first is the stressor effects on emotional and mental health, the second is its impact on the work behavior, third is the impact on performance and the role of external character. The traditional concept tends to recognize that the stressor source will not only produce [3-7] negative effect on individual physical and mental health, but also adversely /15/$ IEEE

2 affect the organization, the appearances are such as absence of attendance, work inefficiently [8]. Influence of stressor on work behavior is normally, challenge stressor will cause a positive impact, whereas the blocking stressor will lead to negative effect. For example: some Chinese scholars have conduct the investigation on the staff of state-owned enterprises, which has proved challenge stressor indeed can raise the level of job satisfaction and involvement, in contrary blocking stressor would reduce their level of job satisfaction and involvement [9], in addition improving challenge stressor can also enhance organizational commitment [10] and motivation [11] of positive variables, whereas blocking stressor will produce the opposite results. 2.2 Psychological flexibility The psychological flexibility refers to people focus on their current affairs and resolved the problem based on this affair or stressor; furthermore it also refers to face the challenges and negative psychological environment (such as thought, feeling, physical sensation, imagination, memory and so on), but also to take actions and ultimately reach their psychological expectations [12] and ability of establishing goals. In recent years many scholars define the psychological flexibility in the field of management; it shows psychological flexibility on mental health, work attitude, performance and absence rate have been wildly affected [13]. Bond pointed out in 2011: under any given situation, people conduct their behavior from psychological flexibility based on their values and goals, minority of people [14] change their psychological activities when situations or emergencies. The study also showed that people who have high level of psychological flexibility can make more use of advantageous resources in their work environment. Bond and other researchers found people who have high level of psychological flexibility believe that, intervention will give them a strong work control ability, this perception has [15, 16] great improvement in mental health and the absence rate [17]. More importantly, experiments showed that, psychological flexibility can improve psychological flexibility; reduce emotional burnout [18]. To make a long story short, research shows that psychological flexibility is an important parameter in mental health and behavior to predict the effectiveness of people in the workplace, strengthen the staff's psychological flexibility, will improve the employee in emotion and behavior, which are more beneficial to the individual itself and organization [19,20]. Research on psychological flexibility in China is still in the race, the past research was conducted on event's suddenness and sensitivity, the psychological flexibility was treated as the independent variable. Therefore this paper will have psychological flexibility as moderating variables, to be the measurement between the psychological flexibility of adjusting working stressor and withdrawal behavior. 2.3 Work withdrawal behavior Regardless leave early, arrive late or absence from work, the reasons for these actions and mechanisms exist some commonness, researchers define this kind of behavior as the "withdrawal behavior". The work withdrawal behavior is a behavior refers to the members of the organization to avoid work roles and tasks, for example workers are not fully in charge of their performance, in general, job burnout, unauthorized leave, late arrival or leave early are considered as research variables. Taris and Schreurs say that the withdrawal behavior may reflect that some employees try to pursue "smart" attitude to life, or may also be the individual conduct [21] a "passive coping style" when they have a conflict or work stressor. The overseas research results show that in the case of organizational injustice, employees tend to have a negative behavior, but the severity varies greatly, some employees openly attack colleagues or superiors, some employees produce withdrawal behavior without a reason, some may generate job burnout or psychological depression. Among them, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, perceived organizational support and withdrawal behavior are all negative related [22, 23] ; Proactive behavior can be partially adjusting perceived support and withdrawal behavior in between [24] ; perceived organizational support can also weaken the organization's overall withdrawal behavior and individual withdrawal behavior [25] in between. Wang Yan, Long Lirong et al. Middle school teachers as test subjects, they have been treated unfairly under a stimulated situation; consequently the collected data from withdrawal behaviors have been evaluated [26]. Stressor can be distinguished from the nature of challenging and blocking, then whether the employee withdrawal behavior will vary according to employee psychological environment change? To this end we introduce the broaden and build theory to explain the variable, Broaden-and-build Theory [27] found that positive emotions can expand the instantaneous thinking - individual reaction system, this available resources can help the individual to construct or accumulation through body, intelligence into the social and psychological resources; while individual faces negative emotion, positive emotion can help the recovery to bring back the normal state of emotion, positive emotion can slow down negative emotions, and enable the individual to recover as soon as possible from the negative emotional experience to the normal level. Under challenge stressor employees will feel work motivated, due to the existence of the potential rewards and benefits, employee will produce positive sentiment to the job, and this sentiment 's existence correspondingly decrease employee withdrawal behavior, while for a higher psychological flexibility, his attitude when face the challenges will be more optimistic more likely to generate positive emotions,, think positively that the stressor will contributes to its various aspects of experience accumulation, so he or she will actively respond at work, automatically to take extra work and have self-study conscious behavior, diminish the

3 withdrawal behavior, consequently challenge stressor can be more effective on withdrawal behavior; Similarly, when employees face occlusion stressor, the possibility of finishing the work perhaps beyond their actual ability, or the effort and reward are not equal, resulting such as resistance, escape, delays in completion time, or absent a series of psychological behavior and physiological behavior, whereas when a staff possesses higher psychological flexibility, employees may weaken the previous negative emotional, and minimize such as absenteeism, tardiness and other phenomena, the possibilities of having their salaries decreased will be weakened, so this kind of occlusion stressor may generate positive effect on the withdrawal behavior, the increase of psychological flexibility will weaken the consequent activities from occlusion stressor. Therefore, it allows us to make several hypotheses: Hypothesis 1: Psychological flexibility moderates the relationship between work stressor and work withdrawal behavior. Hypothesis 1 a : Psychological flexibility moderates the relationship between challenge stressor and work withdrawal behavior: At low levels of challenge stressor, the negative relationship between challenge stressor and work withdrawal behavior is, in general, weaker for employees with stronger psychological flexibility. At high levels of challenge stressor, the positive relationship between challenge stressor and work withdrawal behavior is, in general, stronger for employees with stronger psychological flexibility. Hypothesis 1 b : Psychological flexibility moderates the relationship between hindrance stressor and work withdrawal behavior. The higher level of psychological flexibility, the weaker the occlusion stressor having effect on withdrawal behavior. Through the study of the relationship among work stressor, psychological flexibility and withdrawal behavior, it explains the regulation effect of psychological flexibility between work stressor and withdrawal behavior, including stressors from challenging and occlusion stressor. The theoretical framework of this model is shown as Fig.1. Work stressor Challenge stressor Hindrance stressor 3 Measurement Psychological Flexibility Fig.1 Research model Work Withdrawal Behavior In this study, the model consist of basic personal information, work stressor, role performance, psychological flexibility and withdrawal behavior in total of four parts, a number of 30 questions. Due to the existing scale of reliability, validity and academic recognition have advantages of high quality, however with language and cultural constraints, the application may lead to distortion of the original scale [28]. Therefore, when in the selection of variables scale, this study will use those applications which are already conducted in China for several times, of course with good reliability and validity, in the process of translation of the original scale, using the way of translation back and forth, try to keep the results of translation and the original contents are the same. The first part is the collection of demographic information Including gender, age, marital status, education, working years, rank and weekly working time etc. The second part includes three scales. Work stressor was measured according to a 11-item questionnaire developed by Cavanaugh (2000; Cronbach's α=0.859), which includes items such as the number of projects or assignments I have, The amount of responsibility I have and The scope of responsibility my position entails. the scale using Likert five-point scoring system, the subjects were required to do the evaluation according to the actual the stressor it faces, "1" represents the stressor is relatively small, "5" on behalf of the enormous stressor. Participants were asked to evaluate the work withdrawal behavior of their job using Lehman and Simpson [29] (1992) twelve-item measure. Sample items include Chat with co-workers about nonwork topics, Taken longer lunch or rest break than allowed and Taken supplies or equipment without permission (1, strongly disagree, to 5, strongly agree ; Cronbach's α=0.966). The measurement of psychological flexibility is used in The Work-related Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (WAAQ) [30] in scale, the scale is in the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire [31], and the modified version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy theory [32]. Sample items include "I am able to work effectively in spite of any personal worries that I have", "I can still work very effectively, even if I am nervous about something" and "My thoughts and feelings do not get in the way of my work (1" strongly disagree, "to 5," strongly agree "; Cronbach's α=0.892). 4 Results and discussion This study s questionnaire consists of two phases. The first stage is the pre investigation, there are 20 questionnaires, doing analysis on its reliability and exploratory factors from these questionnaires, results arrive positively. The second stage is field survey, questionnaire were distributed to the financial services industry, handed out a total of 520 questionnaires, 441 questionnaires were recovered, of which 416 valid questionnaires, the validity rate of the questionnaire was 94.3%. The subjects covered in Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province, Liaoning Province, the number of banks and financial services industry managers and ordinary

4 1 Marriage Tab.1 Descriptions and correlation coefficient Mean SD Job experience ** 1 3 Position ** ** 1 4 Challenge stressor ** ** Hindrance Stressor ** Withdrawal Behavior ** ** ** Psychological Flexibility ** ** * ** ** Note: *p<0.05,**p< 0.01,***p<0.001, N=416 Tab.2 Moderating effect of psychological flexibility on the relationship between challenge stressor and withdrawal behavior Variables Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Marriage * * * * Job experience *** Position ** Challenge stressor Psychological Flexibility *** *** *** *** Challenge Stressor * Psychological Flexibility Challenge stressor *** 0.361*** Challenge Stressor 2 * Psychological Flexibilit 0.195** Adjusted R R F F ΔR *** *** 0.012*** Note: *p<0.05,**p< 0.01,***p<0.001, N=416 employees were involved. Means, standard deviations, and zero-order correlations are shown in Tab.1. This study considered challenge stressor had a nonlinear relation with withdrawal behavior, therefore in order to test the adjusting ability of psychological flexibility between challenge stressor and withdrawal behaviors; verification on regression test has been carried out. Regression test is divided into five steps: firstly, allocate controlling variables into regression model (first step), from the outcome you can see, effect of challenge stressor on the withdrawal behavior is not significant (beta =-0.026, p>0.05), (second step) and the interaction effect between challenge stressor and psychological flexibility (step third), the last is square function of challenge stressor (step fourth) and psychological flexibility's interaction effect (fifth step). It constructed multiplied result shown standardized treatment; purpose is to eliminate the existing of multi-linearity. This analysis gives us the results in Tab.2 To see whether psychological flexibility has regulation effect on the challenge stressor and withdrawal behavior in terms of nonlinear relations. It all sums up to the result of step 5, whether the result from challenge stressor and square function of psychological stressor is significant. From Tab.2 shows the product term is significant (beta =0.195, p<0.01). Overall, these results support Hypothesis1a: psychological flexibility moderates the relationship between challenge stressor and work withdrawal behavior. In order to visualize the effect, this study consists of psychological flexibility +1 standard deviation and psychological flexibility - 1 standard deviation as the criterion to distinguish high medium and low, three psychological flexibility groups. Interaction effects as shown in Fig.2. As can be seen from the graph, the overall trend of curves from three groups are the same, but the effect for employee withdrawal behavior is quite different, this can be interpreted as: with the increase of psychological flexibility, the curvature of employee withdrawal behavior gradually slowed down, indicating when the employee's psychological flexibility is strong, normally they don't have negative psychological emotion

5 Tab.3 Moderating effect of psychological flexibility on the relationship between hindrance stressor and withdrawal behavior Variables Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Marriage * ** * Job experience *** ** * Position ** Hindrance Stressor *** *** *** Psychological Flexibility *** *** Hindrance Stressor * Psychological Flexibility Adjusted R R F F ΔR *** 0.329*** Note: *p<0.05,**p< 0.01,***p<0.001, N=416 and further corresponding negative fierce behavior, the curve trend with decreased psychological flexibility will gradually become obvious; in addition, from the graph it can also be observed, when employees face high or low challenge stressor, the corresponding withdrawal behavior will be higher than moderate challenge stressor, it means employee withdrawal behavior will appear U shape with the increasing challenges of stressor. We examined interaction effects between hindrance stressor and psychological flexibility to see whether a psychological flexibility might soften the negative effect of hindrance stressor on work withdrawal behavior. High Psychological Flexibility Average Psychological Flexibility Low Psychological Flexibility Fig.2 Moderating effect of psychological flexibility Firstly a regression test has been carried out for hindrance stress. The results revealed a significant positive interaction between hindrance stressor and work withdrawal behavior (β=0.293, p<0.001). These effects, shown in Tab. 3, the results revealed a non-significant interaction between hindrance stressor and psychological flexibility (β=0.051, p>0.05).thus, Hypothesis 1b was not supported. Based on the comprehensive analysis above, the results found: employees performance will change with the rise of challenge stressor in "U" shape adversely, and decreases with the rise of the blocking stressor; adjustment of withdrawal behavior only exists between challenge stressors and worker's performance, and it can be modified by the psychological flexibility, and employee's withdrawal behavior will appear "U" curve with the increase of challenge stressor, while the relation between hindrance stressor and role performance has not been adjusted by psychological flexibility. All in all, withdrawal behavior plays a mediating role among challenge stressor, the cause of effect from hindrance stressor to the role performance. 5 Conclusions and suggestions This study demonstrated the influence of psychological flexibility can adjust part of the working stressor towards to the withdrawal behavior. Because the challenge stressor has been considered to be an element of promoting personal growth, so when the employees deal with this kind of stressor, they will think the organization provides its growth and promotion opportunities, although they might worry about the capability, especially for the completion time and quality, but they can still manage to complete work with high efficiency. According to the broaden and build theory, a personnel with a higher personal psychological flexibility, will be more likely to generate optimistic and positive attitude, therefore give more participation at workplace, elevate self-regulation towards to maximizing its work performance. Correspondingly it will reduce the work withdrawal behaviors; in contrary, where there is a stressor which can cause the personnel s development, i.e. hindrance stressor, if the employee has high level of psychological flexibility, then he or she can increase the ability of adjusting himself, optimistic appearance will be expected. In which way it can ease the emotion from negative effect, meanwhile something like delay in work, absence, late arrival or leave early will gradually disappear. In China, the biggest the problem for an enterprise, no doubt is human resources. Passive action or

6 withdrawal behaviors are not only the key reasons of personal failure, but also detrimental to the company. Therefore, paying more attention on withdrawal behaviors becomes critical in practical management, and also it is important to carry out solutions to regulate this effect. The purpose of this research has been evaluated in the following perspectives: Firstly, from the firm s point of view, for those people who are in the middle of career planning, firm should allocate some challenging tasks, but firm need to carefully adjust the degree of difficulty for each task, because this strategy can not only increase the production efficiency, but also can increase the desire of employees regarding the duty and reward that employee will collect. It can boost the motivation to elevate its performance, in order to increase the overall company s profit. On the other hand, company should help its employees to identify their roles and responsibilities, reduce the uncertainties to avoid the negative effect from stress sources. Secondly, from the employee s perspective, they should emphasize their psychological flexibility, in order to keep a fresh mind and ability of dealing with changes. Even though under great negative influence, he or she can also maximize his or her performance at work. When employee faces the stress which can help them to develop, they can sense the change accurately, and adjust themselves towards to new environment. Whereas when facing the hindrance stressor, they can modify their attitudes, ease the negative effect from the stress source. Improving self psychological flexibility can increase the employee s passion greatly; consequently the company will get benefited from outstanding work performance towards to maximizing origination s value. References [1]Li Y P, Tu Y D, Gao J. The influence of LMX on the employees work stress and their mediating effects. Chinese Journal of Management, 2012, 9(8): (in Chinese) [2]Cavanaugh M A, et al. An empirical examination of self-reported work stress among US Managers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2000, 85(1): [3]Crawford E R, J A LePine, B L Rich. Linking job demands and resources to employee engagement and burnout: A theoretical extension and meta-analytic test. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2010, 95(5): 834. [4]Wei X Q, Ma H Y. An empirical study on influence of work stress of employees on their health. China Journal of Health Psychology, 2013, 21(1): (in Chinese) [5]Wang W, et al. Relationship between work stress and mental health of enterprise managers. China Journal of Health Psychology, 2011, 19(10): (in Chinese) [6]Webster J R, T A Beehr, K Love. Extending the challenge-hindrance model of occupational stress: The role of appraisal. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2011, 79(2): [7]Chen P Y, P E Spector. Negative affectivity as the underlying cause of correlations between stressors and strains. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1991, 76(3): [8]Lu L, et al. Work stress, control beliefs and well-being in greater China: An exploration of sub-cultural differences between the PRC and Taiwan. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 2003, 18(6): [9]Liu D G, Shi K, Wang Y L. Relationships between challenge-hindrance stressor, employees work engagement and job satisfaction. Journal of Management Science, 2011, 24(2): 1-9. (in Chinese) [10]Podsakoff N P, J A LePine, M A LePine. Differential challenge stressor-hindrance stressor relationships with job attitudes, turnover intentions, turnover, and withdrawal behavior: a meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2007, 92(2): [11]LePine J A, N P Podsakoff, M A LePine. A meta-analytic test of the challenge stressor hindrance stressor framework: An explanation for inconsistent relationships among stressors and performance. Academy of Management Journal, 2005, 48(5): [12]Hayes S C, et al. Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2006, 44(1): [13]Bond F W, Lloyd J, Flaxman P E, Guenole N. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in the workplace: A meta-analytic review. Manuscript in Preparation, [14]Bond F W, et al. Preliminary psychometric properties of the acceptance and action questionnaire II: A revised measure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance. Behavior Therapy, 2011, 3(7): [15]Bond F W, P E Flaxman, D Bunce. The influence of psychological flexibility on work redesign: Mediated moderation of a work reorganization intervention. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2008, 93(3): [16]Bond F W, D Bunce. Mediators of change in emotion-focused and problem-focused worksite stress management interventions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 2000, 5(1): [17]Flaxman P E, F W Bond. A randomised worksite comparison of acceptance and commitment therapy and stress inoculation training. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2010, 5(4): [18]Lloyd J, F W Bond, P E Flaxman. Identifying psychological mechanisms underpinning a cognitive behavioural therapy intervention for emotional burnout (forthcoming). Work & Stress, 2012: [19]Bond F W, D Bunce. The role of acceptance and job control in mental health, job satisfaction, and work performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2003, 88(6): [20]Bond F W, W Dryden. Handbook of brief cognitive behaviour therapy. Chichester, UK: John Wiley, 2002: [21]Taris T W, P J Schreurs, I J Van Iersel-Van Silfhout. Job stress, job strain, and psychological withdrawal among Dutch university staff: towards a dualprocess

7 model for the effects of occupational stress. Work & Stress, 2001, 15(4): [22]Cascio W E, M G Serapio, Jr. Human resources systems in an international alliance: The undoing of a done deal? Organizational Dynamics, 1992, 19(3): [23]Rhoades L, R Eisenberger. Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature. Journal of Applied psychology, 2002, 87(4): [24]Kammeyer-Mueller J, et al. Support, undermining, and newcomer socialization: Fitting in during the first 90 days. Academy of Management Journal, 2012, 56(4): [25]Eder P, R Eisenberger. Perceived organizational support: Reducing the negative influence of coworker withdrawal behavior. Journal of Management, 2008, 34(1): [26]Wang Y, Long L R, Zhou, H. Withdrawn behaviors under distributive injustice: The influence of procedural justice and interactional justice. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 2007, 39(2): [27]Fredrickson B, et al. Handbook of emotions. The Guilford Press New York, 2008: [28]Chen X P, Xu S Y, Fan J L. Empirical methods in organization and management research. 2nd ed. Beijing: Peking University Press, (in Chinese) [29]Lehman W E, D D Simpson. Employee substance use and on-the-job behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1992, 77(3): [30]Bond F W, J Lloyd, N Guenole. The work-related acceptance and action questionnaire: Initial psychometric findings and their implications for measuring psychological flexibility in specific contexts. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 2013, 86(3): [31]Strosahl K, et al. Measuring experiential avoidance: A preliminary test of a working model. The Psychological Record, 2004, 54: [32]Hayes S C, K D Strosahl, K G Wilson. Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. New York: Guilford Press,

Chun-mei Hu 1, Shu-jing Cui 1, Lei Wang 1

Chun-mei Hu 1, Shu-jing Cui 1, Lei Wang 1 Journal of Education and Training Studies Vol. 4, No. 9; September 2016 ISSN 2324-805X E-ISSN 2324-8068 Published by Redfame Publishing URL: http://jets.redfame.com Path Analysis of Work Family Conflict,

More information

Empirical Research on Influencing Factors of Human Resources Management Outsourcing Degree *

Empirical Research on Influencing Factors of Human Resources Management Outsourcing Degree * ibusiness, 2013, 5, 168-174 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ib.2013.53b036 Published Online September 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/ib) Empirical Research on Influencing Factors of Human Resources Management

More information

Expectancy Value Theory: Motivating Healthcare Workers

Expectancy Value Theory: Motivating Healthcare Workers Expectancy Value Theory: Motivating Healthcare Workers Stefania De Simone Researcher in Organizational Behavior Institute for Research on Innovation and Services for Development National Research Council

More information

The Influence of Stressful Life Events of College Students on Subjective Well-Being: The Mediation Effect of the Operational Effectiveness

The Influence of Stressful Life Events of College Students on Subjective Well-Being: The Mediation Effect of the Operational Effectiveness Open Journal of Social Sciences, 2016, 4, 70-76 Published Online June 2016 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/jss http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jss.2016.46008 The Influence of Stressful Life Events of

More information

Report on the Ontario Principals Council Leadership Study

Report on the Ontario Principals Council Leadership Study Report on the Ontario Principals Council Leadership Study (February 2005) Howard Stone 1, James D. A. Parker 2, and Laura M. Wood 2 1 Learning Ways Inc., Ontario 2 Department of Psychology, Trent University,

More information

Emotionally unstable? It spells trouble for work, relationships and life

Emotionally unstable? It spells trouble for work, relationships and life Emotionally unstable? It spells trouble for work, relationships and life Rob Bailey and Tatiana Gulko, OPP Ltd Summary This presentation explores a range of studies of resilience using the 16PF questionnaire,

More information

ADAPTATION OF EMPLOYEES IN THE ORGANIZATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN TERMS OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

ADAPTATION OF EMPLOYEES IN THE ORGANIZATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN TERMS OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 114 Management and Economics ADAPTATION OF EMPLOYEES IN THE ORGANIZATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN TERMS OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Jaroslav NEKORANEC Jaroslav.Nekoranec@aos.sk Lenka NAGYOVÁ lenka.nagyova@mil.sk

More information

Work Related Stress - Information for Managers / Supervisors

Work Related Stress - Information for Managers / Supervisors Work Related Stress - Information for Managers / Supervisors What is Stress? The Health and Safety Executive have defined stress as:- 'The adverse reaction people have to excessive pressure or other types

More information

MANAGEMENT OF STRESS AT WORK POLICY

MANAGEMENT OF STRESS AT WORK POLICY MANAGEMENT OF STRESS AT WORK POLICY Co-ordinator: Director of HR Reviewer: Grampian Area Partnership Forum Approver: Grampian Area Partnership Forum Signature Signature Signature Identifier: NHS/OH&S/Pol

More information

ROLE OF EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN BUILDING JOB SATISFACTION AMONG EMPLOYEES OF AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRIES IN INDIA

ROLE OF EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN BUILDING JOB SATISFACTION AMONG EMPLOYEES OF AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRIES IN INDIA International Journal of Human Resource Management and Research (IJHRMR) ISSN 2249-6874 Vol. 3, Issue 1, Mar 2013, 1-6 TJPRC Pvt. Ltd. ROLE OF EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN BUILDING JOB SATISFACTION AMONG EMPLOYEES

More information

COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 科 目 簡 介

COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 科 目 簡 介 COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 科 目 簡 介 COURSES FOR 4-YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMMES PSY2101 Introduction to Psychology (3 credits) The purpose of this course is to introduce fundamental concepts and theories in psychology

More information

Gender Stereotypes Associated with Altruistic Acts

Gender Stereotypes Associated with Altruistic Acts Gender Stereotypes Associated 1 Gender Stereotypes Associated with Altruistic Acts Lacey D. Seefeldt Undergraduate Student, Psychology Keywords: Altruism, Gender Stereotypes, Vignette Abstract Possible

More information

Impact of Human Resource Practices on Employees Productivity A Comparative Study between Public and Private Banks in India

Impact of Human Resource Practices on Employees Productivity A Comparative Study between Public and Private Banks in India International Journal of Trade and Commerce-IIARTC January-June 2012, Volume 1, No. 1, pp. 142-148 ISSN-2277-5811 SGSR. (www.sgsrjournals.com) All right reserved. Impact of Human Resource Practices on

More information

Constructing a TpB Questionnaire: Conceptual and Methodological Considerations

Constructing a TpB Questionnaire: Conceptual and Methodological Considerations Constructing a TpB Questionnaire: Conceptual and Methodological Considerations September, 2002 (Revised January, 2006) Icek Ajzen Brief Description of the Theory of Planned Behavior According to the theory

More information

IMPACT OF CORE SELF EVALUATION (CSE) ON JOB SATISFACTION IN EDUCATION SECTOR OF PAKISTAN Yasir IQBAL University of the Punjab Pakistan

IMPACT OF CORE SELF EVALUATION (CSE) ON JOB SATISFACTION IN EDUCATION SECTOR OF PAKISTAN Yasir IQBAL University of the Punjab Pakistan IMPACT OF CORE SELF EVALUATION (CSE) ON JOB SATISFACTION IN EDUCATION SECTOR OF PAKISTAN Yasir IQBAL University of the Punjab Pakistan ABSTRACT The focus of this research is to determine the impact of

More information

Barriers & Incentives to Obtaining a Bachelor of Science Degree in Nursing

Barriers & Incentives to Obtaining a Bachelor of Science Degree in Nursing Southern Adventist Univeristy KnowledgeExchange@Southern Graduate Research Projects Nursing 4-2011 Barriers & Incentives to Obtaining a Bachelor of Science Degree in Nursing Tiffany Boring Brianna Burnette

More information

An Empirical Study on the Influence of Perceived Credibility of Online Consumer Reviews

An Empirical Study on the Influence of Perceived Credibility of Online Consumer Reviews An Empirical Study on the Influence of Perceived Credibility of Online Consumer Reviews GUO Guoqing 1, CHEN Kai 2, HE Fei 3 1. School of Business, Renmin University of China, 100872 2. School of Economics

More information

INVESTIGATION OF EFFECTIVE FACTORS IN USING MOBILE ADVERTISING IN ANDIMESHK. Abstract

INVESTIGATION OF EFFECTIVE FACTORS IN USING MOBILE ADVERTISING IN ANDIMESHK. Abstract INVESTIGATION OF EFFECTIVE FACTORS IN USING MOBILE ADVERTISING IN ANDIMESHK Mohammad Ali Enayati Shiraz 1, Elham Ramezani 2 1-2 Department of Industrial Management, Islamic Azad University, Andimeshk Branch,

More information

Effect of Job Autonomy Upon Organizational Commitment of Employees at Different Hierarchical Level

Effect of Job Autonomy Upon Organizational Commitment of Employees at Different Hierarchical Level psyct.psychopen.eu 2193-7281 Research Articles Effect of Job Autonomy Upon Organizational Commitment of Employees at Different Hierarchical Level Shalini Sisodia* a, Ira Das a [a] Department of Psychology,

More information

IMPACT OF TRUST, PRIVACY AND SECURITY IN FACEBOOK INFORMATION SHARING

IMPACT OF TRUST, PRIVACY AND SECURITY IN FACEBOOK INFORMATION SHARING IMPACT OF TRUST, PRIVACY AND SECURITY IN FACEBOOK INFORMATION SHARING 1 JithiKrishna P P, 2 Suresh Kumar R, 3 Sreejesh V K 1 Mtech Computer Science and Security LBS College of Engineering Kasaragod, Kerala

More information

The policy also aims to make clear the actions required when faced with evidence of work related stress.

The policy also aims to make clear the actions required when faced with evidence of work related stress. STRESS MANAGEMENT POLICY 1.0 Introduction Stress related illness accounts for a significant proportion of sickness absence in workplaces in the UK. Stress can also be a contributing factor to a variety

More information

Al Ahliyya Amman University Faculty of Arts Department of Psychology Course Description Psychology

Al Ahliyya Amman University Faculty of Arts Department of Psychology Course Description Psychology Al Ahliyya Amman University Faculty of Arts Department of Psychology Course Description Psychology 0731111 Psychology And Life {3}[3-3] Defining humans behavior; Essential life skills: problem solving,

More information

Identifying factors affecting value of Social Network Advertisement

Identifying factors affecting value of Social Network Advertisement Vol.120 (CTSN 2015), pp.843-849 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2015.120.165 Identifying factors affecting value of Social Network Advertisement Jianjun Li 1, Jean Lai 2 1 Department of Computer Science,

More information

NHS Staff Management and Health Service Quality

NHS Staff Management and Health Service Quality NHS Staff Management and Health Service Quality Michael West 1 and Jeremy Dawson 2 1 Lancaster University Management School and The Work Foundation 2 Aston Business School Foreword This report draws on

More information

Survey of the relation of Customer Value with CRM function. (Case study of Cement Factory of Hormozgan)

Survey of the relation of Customer Value with CRM function. (Case study of Cement Factory of Hormozgan) 2011 3rd International Conference on Information and Financial Engineering IPEDR vol.12 (2011) (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore Survey of the relation of Customer Value with CRM function (Case study of Cement

More information

Chapter Seven. Multiple regression An introduction to multiple regression Performing a multiple regression on SPSS

Chapter Seven. Multiple regression An introduction to multiple regression Performing a multiple regression on SPSS Chapter Seven Multiple regression An introduction to multiple regression Performing a multiple regression on SPSS Section : An introduction to multiple regression WHAT IS MULTIPLE REGRESSION? Multiple

More information

Organizational Commitment among Public and Private School Teachers

Organizational Commitment among Public and Private School Teachers The International Journal of Indian Psychology ISSN 2348-5396 (e) ISSN: 2349-3429 (p) Volume 2, Issue 3, Paper ID: B00381V2I32015 http://www.ijip.in April to June 2015 ABSTRACT: Organizational Commitment

More information

A STUDY ON MOTIVATION AND JOB SATISFACTION OF LANGUAGE TEACHERS AT THE EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY OF LEFKE, ENGLISH PREPARATORY SCHOOL

A STUDY ON MOTIVATION AND JOB SATISFACTION OF LANGUAGE TEACHERS AT THE EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY OF LEFKE, ENGLISH PREPARATORY SCHOOL 208 Abstract A STUDY ON MOTIVATION AND JOB SATISFACTION OF LANGUAGE TEACHERS AT THE EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY OF LEFKE, ENGLISH PREPARATORY SCHOOL Ezgi Umur,European University of Lefke, English Preparatory

More information

How ACT Fits Into ERP Treatment for OCD Page 1 Jonathan Grayson, Ph.D.

How ACT Fits Into ERP Treatment for OCD Page 1 Jonathan Grayson, Ph.D. How ACT Fits Into ERP Treatment for OCD Page 1 I. Introduction A. Therapy must be tailored to the patient, not the patient to the therapy. 1. The alternative is a manualized treatment program suitable

More information

Work-related stress risk assessment guidance

Work-related stress risk assessment guidance Safety and Health Services Work-related stress risk assessment guidance Document control information Published document name: stress-ra-gn Date issued: Version: 5.0 Previous review dates: Next review date:

More information

The Relationship between the Fundamental Attribution Bias, Relationship Quality, and Performance Appraisal

The Relationship between the Fundamental Attribution Bias, Relationship Quality, and Performance Appraisal The Relationship between the Fundamental Attribution Bias, Relationship Quality, and Performance Appraisal Executive Summary Abstract The ability to make quality decisions that influence people to exemplary

More information

The effects of beliefs about language learning and learning strategy use of junior high school EFL learners in remote districts

The effects of beliefs about language learning and learning strategy use of junior high school EFL learners in remote districts The effects of beliefs about language learning and learning strategy use of junior high school EFL learners in remote districts ABSTRACT Ching-yi Chang Leader University, Taiwan Ming-chang Shen Leader

More information

Cultivation of Female Vocational College Students Professionalism

Cultivation of Female Vocational College Students Professionalism Cultivation of Female Vocational College Students Professionalism FENG Duan Sichuan Business Vocational College, 610091 fduanduan@126.com Abstract: With the development of social, women gradually increase

More information

The Differences of Factors Influencing Employees Happiness

The Differences of Factors Influencing Employees Happiness American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 2013, 3, 719-724 Published Online December 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/ajibm) http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2013.38082 719 The Differences

More information

Running head: THE EFFECTS OF EXTRA-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES

Running head: THE EFFECTS OF EXTRA-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES Extra-Curricular Activities 1 Running head: THE EFFECTS OF EXTRA-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES The Effects of Extra-Curricular Activities on Student s Perceived Academic Self-Efficacy Extra-Curricular Activities

More information

Sally Sample 24 August 2010

Sally Sample 24 August 2010 candidate interview report Sally Sample 24 August 2010 preface The RPMQ is a self-report questionnaire designed to measure characteristics that are important in the occupational setting. These characteristics

More information

Employee Engagement Survey 2015. Nova Scotia Government-wide Report

Employee Engagement Survey 2015. Nova Scotia Government-wide Report Employee Engagement Survey 2015 Nova Scotia Government-wide Report Employee Engagement Survey 2015 This summary report provides information on the state of employee engagement in the Nova Scotia public

More information

Specialisation Psychology

Specialisation Psychology Specialisation Psychology Semester 1 Semester 2 An Introduction to Doing Research Politics, Power and Governance I Philosophy of the Social Sciences Economics, Markets and Organisations I Rhetoric Law,

More information

A new direction for Delta Pacific: A case study

A new direction for Delta Pacific: A case study ABSTRACT A new direction for Delta Pacific: A case study Maureen Hannay Troy University Time in the classroom is largely spent providing students with theories, concepts and models. Exams frequently consist

More information

Running head: GENDER EFFECT 1. Gender Effect of Parent-Child Relationships on Parental Health. Jazmine V. Powell

Running head: GENDER EFFECT 1. Gender Effect of Parent-Child Relationships on Parental Health. Jazmine V. Powell Running head: GENDER EFFECT 1 Gender Effect of Parent-Child Relationships on Parental Health by Jazmine V. Powell A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor

More information

The Impact of Affective Human Resources Management Practices on the Financial Performance of the Saudi Banks

The Impact of Affective Human Resources Management Practices on the Financial Performance of the Saudi Banks 327 The Impact of Affective Human Resources Management Practices on the Financial Performance of the Saudi Banks Abdullah Attia AL-Zahrani King Saud University azahrani@ksu.edu.sa Ahmad Aref Almazari*

More information

Understanding Your Test Record and Profile Chart for the PSB-Nursing School Aptitude Examination (RN)

Understanding Your Test Record and Profile Chart for the PSB-Nursing School Aptitude Examination (RN) Understanding Your Test Record and Profile Chart for the PSB-Nursing School Aptitude Examination (RN) This data sheet has been prepared to help you understand the meaning of the scores you earned on the

More information

CHAPTER :: 6 CHANGE MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS

CHAPTER :: 6 CHANGE MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS CHAPTER :: 6 CHANGE MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS (RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS) ^ c^ Dimensions of Organizational Effectiveness Change Management and Organizational Effectiveness 148 CHANGE MANAGEMENT

More information

Building a business case for developing supportive supervisors

Building a business case for developing supportive supervisors 324 Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology (2013), 86, 324 330 2013 The British Psychological Society www.wileyonlinelibrary.com Author response Building a business case for developing supportive

More information

The Influence of Trust In Top Management And Attitudes Toward Appraisal And Merit Systems On Perceived Quality Of Care

The Influence of Trust In Top Management And Attitudes Toward Appraisal And Merit Systems On Perceived Quality Of Care The Influence of Trust In Top Management And Attitudes Toward Appraisal And Merit Systems On Perceived Quality Of Care Michael J. Vest and David L. Duhon Department of Management and Marketing College

More information

Psychometric testing. Read on below to find an explanation of, and sample questions for, each of these test types.

Psychometric testing. Read on below to find an explanation of, and sample questions for, each of these test types. The main types of psychometric tests used in occupational settings are: Personality inventories. General intelligence, abilities and aptitude tests. Motivation, attitude and/or work-related belief scales.

More information

Component Wise Comparison of the Degree of Organizational Commitment.

Component Wise Comparison of the Degree of Organizational Commitment. Component Wise Comparison of the Degree of Organizational Commitment. MOHAMMAD TUFAIL Lecturer, AWKUM, Buner Campus. Email: tuphail@yahoo.com NAVEED FAROOQ Assistant Professor, AWKUM, Pabbi Campus Abstract

More information

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF WORKFORCE DIVERSITY IN SERVICE AND MANUFACTURING SECTORS IN INDIA

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF WORKFORCE DIVERSITY IN SERVICE AND MANUFACTURING SECTORS IN INDIA IMPACT: International Journal of Research in Business Management (IMPACT: IJRBM) ISSN(E): 2321-886X; ISSN(P): 2347-4572 Vol. 2, Issue 3, Mar 2014, 1-8 Impact Journals A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF WORKFORCE DIVERSITY

More information

The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Conflict Management Styles among Teachers MAJID ALIASGARI FARZANEH FARZADNIA

The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Conflict Management Styles among Teachers MAJID ALIASGARI FARZANEH FARZADNIA The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Conflict Management Styles among Teachers MAJID ALIASGARI PHD, DEPARTMENT OF CURRICULUM STUDY, KHARAZMI UNIVERSITY, TEHRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN

More information

Motivation and Retention: HR Strategies in Achieving Quality of Work Life

Motivation and Retention: HR Strategies in Achieving Quality of Work Life Global Journal of Management and Business Studies. ISSN 2248-9878 Volume 3, Number 7 (2013), pp. 763-768 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com/gjmbs.htm Motivation and Retention: HR

More information

The gap between e-learning managers and users on satisfaction of e-learning in the accounting industry

The gap between e-learning managers and users on satisfaction of e-learning in the accounting industry ABSTRACT The gap between e-learning managers and users on satisfaction of e-learning in the accounting industry Kai Wen Cheng National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism This paper conducted

More information

A Study on Employees Attitude Towards The Organization and Job Satisfaction

A Study on Employees Attitude Towards The Organization and Job Satisfaction A Study on Employees Attitude Towards The Organization and Job Satisfaction Alok Kumar Srivastav 1, Priyanka Das 2 1,2 Master of Business Administration, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology

More information

Written Example for Research Question: How is caffeine consumption associated with memory?

Written Example for Research Question: How is caffeine consumption associated with memory? Guide to Writing Your Primary Research Paper Your Research Report should be divided into sections with these headings: Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, and References. Introduction:

More information

Time Management Does Not Matter For Academic Achievement Unless You Can Cope

Time Management Does Not Matter For Academic Achievement Unless You Can Cope DOI: 10.7763/IPEDR. 2014. V 78. 5 Time Management Does Not Matter For Academic Achievement Unless You Can Cope Azura Hamdan 1, Rohany Nasir 1, Rozainee Khairudin 1 and Wan Sharazad Wan Sulaiman 1 1 National

More information

Stigmatisation of people with mental illness

Stigmatisation of people with mental illness Stigmatisation of people with mental illness Report of the research carried out in July 1998 and July 2003 by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) on behalf of the Royal College of Psychiatrists Changing

More information

Customer Experience Outlines

Customer Experience Outlines Customer Experience Outlines Professional Persuasive Language Customer satisfaction is a feeling and a perception. The consummate professional manages perception so that the customer always feels cared

More information

The Relationship of Paternalistic Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Mediating Effect of Upward Communication

The Relationship of Paternalistic Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Mediating Effect of Upward Communication The Relationship of Paternalistic Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Mediating Effect of Upward Communication Chu Paoching, Assistant professor of Department of Creative Fashion Design

More information

PRIVACY ISSUES OF ELECTRONIC MONITORING OF EMPLOYEES: A CROSS-CULTURAL EXAMINATION OF GENDER DIFFERENCES

PRIVACY ISSUES OF ELECTRONIC MONITORING OF EMPLOYEES: A CROSS-CULTURAL EXAMINATION OF GENDER DIFFERENCES PRIVACY ISSUES OF ELECTRONIC MONITORING OF EMPLOYEES: A CROSS-CULTURAL EXAMINATION OF GENDER DIFFERENCES Raymond E. Taylor Department of Management & Marketing Louisiana State University in Shreveport

More information

Coaching the team at Work

Coaching the team at Work Coaching the team at Work Introduction While a great deal has been written about coaching individuals, there has been relatively little investigation of coaching teams at work. Yet in discussions with

More information

LMX as a Predictor of Performance Behaviour: Empirical Evidence from Life Insurance Sector of Pakistan

LMX as a Predictor of Performance Behaviour: Empirical Evidence from Life Insurance Sector of Pakistan Journal of Human Resource Management 2015; 3(1): 1-5 Published online May 8, 2015 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/jhrm) doi: 10.11648/j.jhrm.20150301.11 ISSN: 2331-0707 (Print); ISSN: 2331-0715

More information

Arkansas State PIRC/ Center for Effective Parenting

Arkansas State PIRC/ Center for Effective Parenting Increasing Your Child s Motivation to Learn In order to be successful in school and to learn, students must stay involved in the learning process. This requires students to do many different activities

More information

Teachers Emotional Intelligence and Its Relationship with Job Satisfaction

Teachers Emotional Intelligence and Its Relationship with Job Satisfaction ADVANCES IN EDUCATION VOL.1, NO.1 JANUARY 2012 4 Teachers Emotional Intelligence and Its Relationship with Job Satisfaction Soleiman Yahyazadeh-Jeloudar 1 Fatemeh Lotfi-Goodarzi 2 Abstract- The study was

More information

Work strain, job dissatisfaction, and intent to leave among Home Health Care Registered Nurses: A mixed methods analysis

Work strain, job dissatisfaction, and intent to leave among Home Health Care Registered Nurses: A mixed methods analysis Work strain, job dissatisfaction, and intent to leave among Home Health Care Registered Nurses: A mixed methods analysis Presented by D. Paxson Barker, PhD, MS, RN Purpose The purpose of this study was

More information

Model of Learning Organizational Development of Primary School Network under the Office of Basic Education Commission

Model of Learning Organizational Development of Primary School Network under the Office of Basic Education Commission International Education Studies; Vol. 8, No. 7; 2015 ISSN 1913-9020 E-ISSN 1913-9039 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Model of Learning Organizational Development of Primary School

More information

Elements of Strategic Management Process and Performance Management Systems in U.S. Federal Agencies: Do Employee Managerial Levels Matter?

Elements of Strategic Management Process and Performance Management Systems in U.S. Federal Agencies: Do Employee Managerial Levels Matter? International Journal of Business and Management; Vol. 8, No. 9; 2013 ISSN 1833-3850 E-ISSN 1833-8119 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Elements of Strategic Management Process and

More information

A study of stress sources among college students in Taiwan

A study of stress sources among college students in Taiwan Abstract Journal of Academic and Business Ethics A study of stress sources among college students in Taiwan Cheng Kai-Wen Kaohsiung Hospitality College This paper was to investigate the sources of stress

More information

Choosing Human Resources Development Interventions

Choosing Human Resources Development Interventions Choosing Human Resources Development Interventions JP Singh Singh argues that top management should examine the managerial culture of the group and the organization before introducing change through human

More information

MODULE 1.3 WHAT IS MENTAL HEALTH?

MODULE 1.3 WHAT IS MENTAL HEALTH? MODULE 1.3 WHAT IS MENTAL HEALTH? Why improve mental health in secondary school? The importance of mental health in all our lives Mental health is a positive and productive state of mind that allows an

More information

SAMPLE INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

SAMPLE INTERVIEW QUESTIONS SAMPLE INTERVIEW QUESTIONS Interviews and interview styles vary greatly, so the best way to prepare is to practice answering a broad range of questions. For other great interview strategies, see our Successful

More information

Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Deborah L. Cabaniss, M.D.

Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Deborah L. Cabaniss, M.D. Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Deborah L. Cabaniss, M.D. I. Definitions A. Psychotherapy Psychotherapy is the umbrella term for a number of therapies that aim at treating problems that affect the mind (psyche).

More information

INTERNAL MARKETING ESTABLISHES A CULTURE OF LEARNING ORGANIZATION

INTERNAL MARKETING ESTABLISHES A CULTURE OF LEARNING ORGANIZATION INTERNAL MARKETING ESTABLISHES A CULTURE OF LEARNING ORGANIZATION Yafang Tsai, Department of Health Policy and Management, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taiwan, (886)-4-24730022 ext.12127, avon611@gmail.com

More information

Course Completion Roadmap. Others Total

Course Completion Roadmap. Others Total Undergraduate Curriculum Psychology Major : (1) Total credits: - Multiple majors: minimum of 6 credits - Single major: minimum of 48 credits - Teacher training program: minimum of 50 credits (2) Required

More information

Performance Appraisal and Employee s Motivation: A Comparative Analysis of Telecom Industry of Pakistan

Performance Appraisal and Employee s Motivation: A Comparative Analysis of Telecom Industry of Pakistan Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS) Vol. 33, No. 1 (2013), pp. 179-189 Performance Appraisal and Employee s Motivation: A Comparative Analysis of Telecom Industry of Pakistan Muhammad Shaukat Malik

More information

Transactional Vs Transformational Leadership. Transactional Vs Transformational Leadership

Transactional Vs Transformational Leadership. Transactional Vs Transformational Leadership Transactional Vs Transformational Leadership Transactional Leader: approaches followers with an eye to exchanging one thing for another Burns pursues a cost benefit, economic exchange to met subordinates

More information

Living a happy, healthy and satisfying life Tineke de Jonge, Christianne Hupkens, Jan-Willem Bruggink, Statistics Netherlands, 15-09-2009

Living a happy, healthy and satisfying life Tineke de Jonge, Christianne Hupkens, Jan-Willem Bruggink, Statistics Netherlands, 15-09-2009 Living a happy, healthy and satisfying life Tineke de Jonge, Christianne Hupkens, Jan-Willem Bruggink, Statistics Netherlands, 15-09-2009 1 Introduction Subjective well-being (SWB) refers to how people

More information

ISSN: 2321-7782 (Online) Volume 2, Issue 2, February 2014 International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science and Management Studies

ISSN: 2321-7782 (Online) Volume 2, Issue 2, February 2014 International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science and Management Studies ISSN: 2321-7782 (Online) Volume 2, Issue 2, February 2014 International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science and Management Studies Research Article / Paper / Case Study Available online at:

More information

Work-related stress : scientific evidence-base of risk factors, prevention and costs

Work-related stress : scientific evidence-base of risk factors, prevention and costs Work-related stress : scientific evidence-base of risk factors, prevention and costs JEAN-PIERRE BRUN PROFESSOR DIRECTOR CHAIR ON OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT USA Stress cost : 42 billions

More information

Emotional Quotient. Michael Sample. CEO Sample Co. 5-22-2013. Your Address Here Your Phone Number Here Your Email Address Here

Emotional Quotient. Michael Sample. CEO Sample Co. 5-22-2013. Your Address Here Your Phone Number Here Your Email Address Here Emotional Quotient CEO Sample Co. 5-22-2013 Introduction The Emotional Quotient report looks at a person's emotional intelligence, which is the ability to sense, understand and effectively apply the power

More information

Exploration on the Construction of Medical Basic Course System of Nursing Specialty in Higher Vocational Colleges. Hongtao Xu

Exploration on the Construction of Medical Basic Course System of Nursing Specialty in Higher Vocational Colleges. Hongtao Xu International Conference on Management Science, Education Technology, Arts, Social Science and Economics (MSETASSE 2015) Exploration on the Construction of Medical Basic Course System of Nursing Specialty

More information

ANALYSIS OF USER ACCEPTANCE OF A NETWORK MONITORING SYSTEM WITH A FOCUS ON ICT TEACHERS

ANALYSIS OF USER ACCEPTANCE OF A NETWORK MONITORING SYSTEM WITH A FOCUS ON ICT TEACHERS ANALYSIS OF USER ACCEPTANCE OF A NETWORK MONITORING SYSTEM WITH A FOCUS ON ICT TEACHERS Siti Rahayu Abdul Aziz 1, Mohamad Ibrahim 2, and Suhaimi Sauti 3 1 Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia, rahayu@fskm.uitm.edu.my

More information

The Impact of Management Information Systems on the Performance of Governmental Organizations- Study at Jordanian Ministry of Planning

The Impact of Management Information Systems on the Performance of Governmental Organizations- Study at Jordanian Ministry of Planning The Impact of Management Information Systems on the Performance of Governmental Organizations- Study at Jordanian Ministry of Planning Dr. Shehadeh M.A.AL-Gharaibeh Assistant prof. Business Administration

More information

A COMPARISON ANALYSIS ON THE INTENTION TO CONTINUED USE OF A LIFELONG LEARNING WEBSITE

A COMPARISON ANALYSIS ON THE INTENTION TO CONTINUED USE OF A LIFELONG LEARNING WEBSITE International Journal of Electronic Business Management, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 213-223 (2012) 213 A COMPARISON ANALYSIS ON THE INTENTION TO CONTINUED USE OF A LIFELONG LEARNING WEBSITE Hsiu-Li Liao * and

More information

The Research of Vancl Network Marketing

The Research of Vancl Network Marketing The Research of Vancl Network Marketing WU Zhonghua School of Business Administration, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, China, 330013 13870916825@163.com Abstract: In recent years, the garment

More information

Need Information? Go to: www.chr.alberta.ca/apscompetencies. Have Questions? Email: apscompetencies@gov.ab.ca

Need Information? Go to: www.chr.alberta.ca/apscompetencies. Have Questions? Email: apscompetencies@gov.ab.ca Need Information? Go to: www.chr.alberta.ca/apscompetencies Have Questions? Email: apscompetencies@gov.ab.ca Table of Contents Background... 3 Why Behavioural Competencies?... 3 The APS Competency Model...

More information

ACADEMIC DIRECTOR: Carla Marquez-Lewis Email Contact: THE PROGRAM Career and Advanced Study Prospects Program Requirements

ACADEMIC DIRECTOR: Carla Marquez-Lewis Email Contact: THE PROGRAM Career and Advanced Study Prospects Program Requirements Psychology (BA) ACADEMIC DIRECTOR: Carla Marquez-Lewis CUNY School of Professional Studies 101 West 31 st Street, 7 th Floor New York, NY 10001 Email Contact: Carla Marquez-Lewis, carla.marquez-lewis@cuny.edu

More information

An Examination of the Association Between Parental Abuse History and Subsequent Parent-Child Relationships

An Examination of the Association Between Parental Abuse History and Subsequent Parent-Child Relationships An Examination of the Association Between Parental Abuse History and Subsequent Parent-Child Relationships Genelle K. Sawyer, Andrea R. Di Loreto, Mary Fran Flood, David DiLillo, and David J. Hansen, University

More information

A Study of Job Satisfaction and IT s Impact on the Performance in the Banking Industry of Pakistan

A Study of Job Satisfaction and IT s Impact on the Performance in the Banking Industry of Pakistan A Study of Job Satisfaction and IT s Impact on the Performance in the Banking Industry of Pakistan Aftab, Hira Lecturer Institute of Business and Information Technology (IBIT) University of the Punjab,

More information

Business Benefits of Volunteering

Business Benefits of Volunteering Business Benefits of Volunteering An introduction to skills based volunteering Mari Frengstad TABLE OF CONTENT: Executive Summary... 3 Introduction... 5 What skills are key to Hammerson s success?... 5

More information

in nigerian companies.

in nigerian companies. Information Management 167 in nigerian companies. Idris, Adekunle. A. Abstract: Keywords: Relationship Marketing, Customer loyalty, Customer Service, Relationship Marketing Strategy and Nigeria. Introduction

More information

o and organizational data were the primary measures used to

o and organizational data were the primary measures used to The Role of Relevant Experience and Intellectual Ability in Determining the Performance of Military Leaders: A Contingency Model Explanation Patrick J. Bettin United States Military Academy Abstract A

More information

JOB SATISFACTION AMONG TEACHERS OF PRIVATE AND GOVERNMENT SCHOOL: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

JOB SATISFACTION AMONG TEACHERS OF PRIVATE AND GOVERNMENT SCHOOL: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS JOB SATISFACTION AMONG TEACHERS OF PRIVATE AND GOVERNMENT SCHOOL: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS TILAK RAJ*; LALITA** *ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, DEPARTMANT OF COMMERCE, M.D.U., ROHTAK **RESEARCH SCHOLAR, DEPARTMENT

More information

Evaluating teaching. 6.1 What is teacher evaluation and why is it important?

Evaluating teaching. 6.1 What is teacher evaluation and why is it important? 6 Evaluating Just as assessment that supports is critical for student, teacher evaluation that focuses on providing accurate evidence of practice and supports improvement is central for teachers. Having

More information

The Effect of Information Technology (IT) Support on Innovations Concepts: A study of Textile Sector in Pakistan

The Effect of Information Technology (IT) Support on Innovations Concepts: A study of Textile Sector in Pakistan The Effect of Information Technology (IT) Support on Innovations Concepts: A study of Textile Sector in Pakistan Abstract Muhammad Mohsin MBA (Quality Management), Govt College University Faisalabad, Pakistan

More information

Journal of Asian Business Strategy. Interior Design and its Impact on of Employees' Productivity in Telecom Sector, Pakistan

Journal of Asian Business Strategy. Interior Design and its Impact on of Employees' Productivity in Telecom Sector, Pakistan . Journal of Asian Business Strategy journal homepage: http://aessweb.com/journal-detail.php?id=5006 Interior Design and its Impact on of Employees' Productivity in Telecom Sector, Pakistan Naeem Akhtar

More information

Investigating the Stress Level of Nurses Working at Emergency Care Services: A Pilot Study

Investigating the Stress Level of Nurses Working at Emergency Care Services: A Pilot Study International Journal of Caring Sciences May-August 015 Volume 8 Issue Page 40 Original Article Investigating the Stress Level of Nurses Working at Emergency Care Services: A Pilot Study Sevban Arslan,

More information

The relationship between job characteristics of emergency medical technicians and scene time in traumatic injuries

The relationship between job characteristics of emergency medical technicians and scene time in traumatic injuries International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences Vol. 4(9), pp. 186-191, November 2012 Available at www.academicjournals.org/ijmms DOI: 10.5897/IJMMS12.091 ISSN 2006-9723 2012 Academic Journals Full

More information

Tentamen Human Resource Management (HRM)

Tentamen Human Resource Management (HRM) Tentamen Human Resource Management (HRM) door sherifelz De Marktplaats voor het Kopen en Verkopen van je Studiemateriaal Koop en Verkoop al je samenvattingen, aantekeningen, onderzoeken, scripties, collegedictaten,

More information

Research of Female Consumer Behavior in Cosmetics Market Case Study of Female Consumers in Hsinchu Area Taiwan

Research of Female Consumer Behavior in Cosmetics Market Case Study of Female Consumers in Hsinchu Area Taiwan usiness, 2010, 2, 348-353 doi:10.4236/ib.2010.24045 Published Online December 2010 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/ib) Research of Female Consumer Behavior in Cosmetics Market Case Study of Female Consumers

More information

Disrupting Class How disruptive innovation will change the way the world learns

Disrupting Class How disruptive innovation will change the way the world learns Disrupting Class How disruptive innovation will change the way the world learns Clayton Christensen, Michael B Horn Curtis W Johnson Mc Graw Hill, 2008 Introduction This book is about how to reform the

More information

The Online Journal of New Horizons in Education Volume 3, Issue 3

The Online Journal of New Horizons in Education Volume 3, Issue 3 Undergraduates Who Have a Lower Perception of Controlling Time Fail To Adjust Time Estimation Even When Given Feedback Yoshihiro S. OKAZAKI [1], Tomoya IMURA [2], Masahiro TAKAMURA [3], Satoko TOKUNAGA

More information