Synthesis Animal Testing Answer Section

Transcription

1 Synthesis Animal Testing Answer Section 1. ANS: B The correct answer is choice B. Diphtheria and polio are the only diseases mentioned that can be prevented with vaccines. Choice A is incorrect. Diphtheria can be prevented with a vaccine, but polio can as well. Choice C is incorrect. Diabetes can be treated but not prevented with a vaccine. Choice D is incorrect. HIV can be treated with drugs but not prevented. Choice E is incorrect. Diphtheria and polio are the only diseases mentioned that can be prevented with vaccines. PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: R U OBJ: Close Reading STA: (10.7)G TOP: Reading Strategies KEY: Generalization MSC: TAKS Obj. 3 Reading 2. ANS: B The correct answer is choice B. Calves are mentioned in the chart only once, in the replacement of heart valves. Choice A is incorrect. Dogs, rabbits, guinea pigs and rats (smaller animals) were also used in testing. Choice C is incorrect. Anticoagulants were discovered earlier, in the 1930s, but the replacement heart valve was not perfected until the 1950s. Choice D is incorrect. Artificial joints were also discovered in the 1950s the chart is not conclusive on the fact that one was discovered earlier than the other. Choice E is incorrect. Replacement heart valves affect approximately 6,000 people a year. Logic would dictate that other conditions, such as cancer, would affect more people than this. STA: (10.7)G TOP: Reading Strategies KEY: Generalization 3. ANS: B The correct answer is choice B. The claim is controversial because many would say that man can achieve nobility apart from valuing other forms of life. Choice A is incorrect. The claim is not irrefutable because some would disagree. Choice C is incorrect. It is not particularly simplistic, although it is simply worded: the thought is profound. Choice D is incorrect. It is not theoretical but deals with actual people and animal life. Choice E is incorrect. It is not sappy and sentimental but full of strength nobility. STA: (10.12)C TOP: Literary Techniques KEY: Argumentation

2 4. ANS: B The correct answer is choice B. Buddha is not disapproving of man in this quote but rather shows him the way to achieve nobility. Choice A is incorrect. Buddha reveals himself to be compassionate in his attitude toward all living creatures. Choice C is incorrect. Buddha reveals himself to be idealistic in that any man may achieve nobility in character, if not in actual social standing. Choice D is incorrect. Buddha reveals himself to be tolerant because he advises that all living creatures (man included) should be tolerated (pitied) in spite of his or her social standing (nobles and commoners alike). Choice E is incorrect. Buddha reveals himself to be wise because he understands that true nobility transcends mere tangible wealth or social status. STA: (10.11)C TOP: Literary Techniques KEY: Characterization MSC: Obj. 4 ELA 5. ANS: C The correct answer is choice C. An audience not too worried about animal rights would probably appreciate the humor in this cartoon. A befuddled-looking man reads that HE will be the guinea pig if he purchases this product. Usually the label on hair products say, Not tested on animals or No animals were involved in the testing of this product. Choice A is incorrect. A proponent of animal rights might be offended at the cartoon because it suggests that it is better to test on animals ahead of time than to test the product on the consumer. Choice B is incorrect because those concerned about hair loss may be either for or against animal testing. Choice D is incorrect. Those who use hair products could be either for or against animal rights. Choice E is incorrect. Being knowledgeable about animal testing has nothing to do with appreciating this humor. STA: (10.7)G TOP: Reading Strategies KEY: Determining Audience 6. ANS: A The correct answer is choice A. The details about the suffering the rabbits undergo would produce in the audience sympathy and concern for the animals. They are portrayed as mild and meek and researchers as those wielding control over them. No mention is made of possible positive effects of using animals for testing; the focus is completely on the rabbits and their suffering. Choice B is incorrect. One does gain knowledge of the Draize test, but this knowledge is only part of the intended effect. Choice C is incorrect. The effect is not to criticize opponents of animal testing but to support their cause with emotionally charged evidence. Choice D is incorrect. No mention is made of possible positive effects of using animals for testing; the focus is completely on the rabbits and their suffering. Choice E is incorrect. No mention is made of possible positive effects of using animals for testing; the focus is completely on the rabbits and their suffering. STA: (10.7)A TOP: Reading Strategies KEY: Determining Author s Purpose MSC: None

3 7. ANS: A The correct answer is choice A. Source A provides a powerful refutation of this passage. By showing how humans have tremendously benefited from animal testing, Source A would help the reader to focus on the overall effect on humans rather than a specific effect on rabbits. Choice B is incorrect. This source supports the claim of Source D. Choice C is incorrect. This source satirizes opponents of animal testing but does not offer specific counterevidence to effectively negate the claim of Source D. Choice D is incorrect. Source E argues that diabetes, polio, and heart disease have almost been eradicated through animal research. However, Source A mentions 22 medical gains because of animal research; therefore, it more strongly negates the claim. Choice E is incorrect. This source supports the claim of Source D. STA: (10.12)C TOP: Literary Techniques KEY: Argumentation: logical appeals 8. ANS: E The correct answer is choice E. If some medicine that would be used to prevent blindness in humans were tested on rabbits, then one could more easily accept the animals suffering, even the loss of their sight since they would be serving the greater good of mankind; therefore, one could perhaps overlook the suffering. But these companies are testing beauty products and oven cleaner. It is disturbing, too, that the companies are conducting this research for profit but not as disturbing as the products they are testing and their ultimate goal. Choice A is incorrect. The fact that companies are testing on animals may be disturbing, but it is not as disturbing as the fact that the purposes of the products tested are not essential to human health. Choice B is incorrect. This detail is necessarily a part of the scientific process (i.e., a necessary evil), but it is not as disturbing as the fact that the purposes of the products tested are not essential to human health. Choice C is incorrect. It is disturbing, too, that the companies are conducting this research for profit but not as disturbing as the products they are testing and their ultimate goal. Choice D is incorrect. This detail explains why they use rabbit eyes to test, but it is not as disturbing as the fact that the purposes of the products tested are not essential to human health. STA: (10.7)G TOP: Reading Strategies KEY: Inference 9. ANS: A The correct answer is choice A. The dominant appeal is to the audience s recognition of authority in this case, Researchers and scientists and the representative of Stanford University s Medical Center. Choice B is incorrect. While there is a logical conclusion drawn by Newsome, there are no hard facts or statistics to verify the claims from which he draws his conclusion. Choice C is incorrect. There is very little emotion evoked in the paragraph beyond a vague sense of dread in response to Newsome s what-if scenario. Choice D is incorrect. The logic is inductive in that he has extrapolated a general idea (various vaccines would not exist) based on a specific factor (animal testing). Choice E is incorrect. Because of the absolute nature of his claim that certain vaccines and procedures would not ever exist without animal testing and because there is no hard evidence presented, the cause/effect relationship only works because it is verified by reputable authorities.

4 STA: (10.12)C TOP: Literary Techniques KEY: Argumentation: logical appeals 10. ANS: C The correct answer is choice C. The author does not offer any hard data or facts that could prove irrefutable. Choices A and B are incorrect. The author does make a strong claim based on the strong opinions of others. Choice D is incorrect because the tone is fair and objective, free from passion or dispassion. Choice E is incorrect because the passage provides the voices of both sides of the issue. STA: (10.12)C TOP: Reading Strategies Literary Techniques KEY: Inference Argumentation 11. ANS: E The correct answer is choice E. The fact that the author is not emotionally involved with the subject is precisely why he is accurate, fair, knowledgeable, and familiar with all aspects of his subject. Choice A is incorrect because the author cites his sources accurately. Choice B is incorrect because the author presents both sides of the issue fairly. Choice C is incorrect. The author knows his subject as evidenced by the citation of authorities on both sides of the issue. Choice D is incorrect. The author is familiar with acknowledged experts as evidenced by the citation of authorities on both sides of the issue. STA: (10.12)B TOP: Literary Elements KEY: Style 12. ANS: C The correct answer is choice C. Out of context, C, D, and E could all be read as concessions, but in context choices D and E are refutations of other counterarguments. Choice C admits, or concedes, that there may be instances where individual experiments may have actually hindered medical advance(s). Choice A is incorrect because it is a supporting detail that helps to establish his thesis: that animal experimentation is necessary. Choice B is incorrect because it is an assertion by one of his sources that serves as another supporting detail for the author s thesis. Choices D and E are incorrect. Out of context, C, D, and E could all be read as concessions, but in context choices D and E are refutations of other counterarguments. STA: (10.12)C TOP: Literary Techniques KEY: Argumentation: logical appeals

5 13. ANS: A The correct answer is choice A. In neither painting are the victims being shot for shooting others; rather, they are shot because they are being victimized. Choices B, C, D, and E are incorrect. These are all details in the original Goya painting that are imitated in the Cagle cartoon. STA: (10.7)G TOP: Reading Strategies KEY: Inference 14. ANS: B The correct answer is choice B. Since the original cartoon was published without the Goya work for context, the author must have assumed that his audience was familiar with this famous Spanish artwork. The title of the cartoon series and the caption of this specific cartoon further indicate that the author assumes his audience is concerned by or even critical of government spending. Choice A is incorrect. Since the original cartoon was published without the Goya work for context, the author must have assumed that his audience was familiar with this famous Spanish artwork. However, the title of the cartoon series and the caption of this specific cartoon further indicate that the author assumes his audience is concerned by or even critical of government spending as well. Choice C is incorrect. Since the original cartoon was published without the Goya work for context, the author must have assumed that his audience was familiar with this famous Spanish artwork. The caption focuses on the cost of the government program and the obvious conclusion that the author drew; if the intent is to appeal to those who oppose animal testing, it would appear only to concern those opposed to testing on household pets, not animals of any kind. Choice D is incorrect. The title of the cartoon series and the caption of this specific cartoon further indicate that the author assumes his audience is concerned by or even critical of government spending. However, the caption focuses on the cost of the government program and the obvious conclusion that the author drew; if the intent is to appeal to those who oppose animal testing, it would appear only to concern those opposed to testing on household pets, not animals of any kind. Choice E is incorrect. Since the original cartoon was published without the Goya work for context, the author must have assumed that his audience was familiar with this famous Spanish artwork. The title of the cartoon series and the caption of this specific cartoon further indicate that the author assumes his audience is concerned by or even critical of government spending. However, the caption focuses on the cost of the government program and the obvious conclusion that the author drew; if the intent is to appeal to those who oppose animal testing, it would appear only to concern those opposed to testing on household pets, not animals of any kind. PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: R U A A OBJ: Composition STA: (10.1)B TOP: The Process of Composition KEY: Prewriting: consideration of audience MSC: Obj. 4 ELA

6 15. ANS: B The correct answer is choice B. If the cartoon is supposed to oppose government spending and/or animal testing, then choosing dogs to be the killers is improbable since dogs and cats are stereotypical enemies. It would make more sense satirically for human scientists to be shooting the cats. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. All of these are details in the cartoon that allude to the original Goya artwork. Choice E is incorrect. That it is rendered in black and white is a convention of the medium it was designed to be run in newsprint. STA: (10.8)D TOP: Literary Elements KEY: Detail 16. ANS: B The correct answer is choice B. Because dogs and cats are stereotypical enemies, there is a certain amount of cartoon logic at work in Cagle s piece. To have humans commit the butchery would strengthen the cartoon s impact as a criticism of animal testing. Choice A is incorrect. Choice A would defeat the purpose of the allusion to Goya s painting since the original soldiers used rifles. Choice C is incorrect. Substituting mud for blood would lessen the effect of the butchery. Choice D is incorrect because cats are already symbolic substitutes for the white mice in labs. Choice E would be irrelevant to the purpose of the satire and would risk defeating the purpose of the allusion. STA: (10.11)A TOP: Literary Techniques KEY: Satire MSC: Obj. 2 ELA 17. ANS: B The correct answer is choice B. The title is Fact! which implies truth. The double effect of satirizing government spending and pointless testing only works if the caption is real. The other answer choices are too weak to provide the comic punch necessary for the satire to succeed. Choice A is incorrect. The title is Fact! which implies truth. The double effect of satirizing government spending and pointless testing only works if the caption is real. Choices C, D, and E are incorrect. All of these answer choices are too weak to provide the comic punch necessary for the satire to succeed. PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: R U OBJ: Close Reading STA: (10.7)G TOP: Reading Strategies KEY: Inference 18. ANS: D The correct answer is choice D. The conclusion of the experiment is that shooting a bullet into a cat s head will kill it, and the cartoon implies that the experiment was not necessary to determine the conclusion. Choice A, B, and C are incorrect. These are common assumptions that cartoon uses to create its commentary. Choice E is incorrect because this statement is not supported by the caption. STA: (10.7)A TOP: Reading Strategies KEY: Determining Author s Purpose MSC: None