Energy Flow: Food Chains and Food Webs
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1 Energy Flow: Food Chains and Food Webs The main source of energy for any ecosystem is the. The energy is absorbed by and is converted into a potential energy source a chemical potential energy source we call. The name of this process is called. Scientists are always looking for patterns in nature. Many things about an ecosystem can be learned by looking at the patterns found in how organisms obtain their energy. Ecologists have devised food chains and food webs along with several descriptive terms to help understand an ecosystem. PHOTOSYNTHESIS SUN PLANTS SUN'S Match the following term with the correct definition Herbivore Food Chain Consumer Decomposer Food Web Producer Omnivore Trophic Level Carnivore eats meat FOOD a community of organisms where there are several connected food chains a particular position occupied by a group of organisms in a food chain needs to eat other organisms to get energy any organism that eats decaying organic matter eats plants only is able to make its own food through photosynthesis a community of organisms where each member is eaten in turn by another member Food Chains eats both meat and plants Food Chains show how organisms are linked together in an ecosystem based on what they. The arrows in the food chain always point in the direction of the (ie. at the organism that is doing the eating). In a food chain, labels are used to indicate characteristics of the organisms: consumer (primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary to show the order) producer herbivore carnivore omnivore decomposer Trophic levels are also labelled starting with the (first trophic level) and ending with the. 1
2 Label the following food chain Role and Order Types of organisms Trophic Level plants grasshoppers small birds hawks use the words in the banks to label the food chain above Food Webs Role and order word bank consumer secondary producer primary tertiary decomposer Types of organisms word bank omnivore carnivore herbivore carnivore herbivore In an ecosystem, many different exist together creating a. A shows the energy flow within an ecosystem starting with the and ending with the. Label the following food web Name 3 primary consumers. What organisms are the top carnivores? Draw one food chain that is within this food web. What would happen if the herbivorous insects became extinct? Explain how this might effect other organisms in the food web.. 2
3 Food Chains and Food Webs Homework Food Chains Food chains show how organisms are connected through what they eat. The arrows in the chain always point in the direction the energy flows (towards the organism doing the eating). 1. Using the organisms listed draw a food chain on the top of the next page. Your food chain should start with the producer and end with the organism that is not eaten by any other. Make sure your arrows are pointing in the direction of the energy flow. (leave space around your food chain to add labels) Grasshopper Owl Mole Grass 2. Label the following on your food chain: producer(s) consumer(s) herbivore(s) carnivore(s) 1st trophic level 2nd trophic level 3rd trophic level 4th trophic level The first consumer in the food chain is known as the primary consumer. The second consumer is known as the secondary consumer. The third consumer is known as the tertiary consumer. 3. Add the labels primary consumer, secondary consumer and tertiary consumer to your food chain as necessary. 4. Remember that we, as humans, are consumers. Below each of the following meals, draw the food chain from producer to you. Label each food chain fully. a. A salmon fillet (The salmon eats herbivorous fish) b. A steak c. A bowl of plain rice (think about what rice comes from!). 3
4 Food Webs 1. How many organisms form the longest food chain in the food web? tree 2. Which organism in this food chain is owl hawk a) the top carnivore(s) (hint nothing eats the top carnivore) b) a herbivore spider caterpillar fox c) a producer d) at the 2nd trophic level deer robin mosquito mouse e) is a tertiary consumer chipmunk grasshopper 3. Write this food chain out (make sure your arrows point in the right direction!) *Label your food chain fully use your notes as an example rabbit grass 4. Is there an omnivore in this food web? Explain your answer. 5. List all the primary consumers in this food web. 6. If all the squirrels were killed by a virus, what would happen to this food web? Would it remain sustainable? Explain your answer in detail. 7. If a pack of coyotes entered this ecosystem, how would it be impacted? Explain your answer in detail.. 4
5 Homework Read the following description of the relationship between bees, clover flowers, dormice and humans. Answer the following questions using complete sentences. Bees collect a sugar rich liquid, nectar, from clover flowers. They convert the nectar into honey which they use to feed their larvae and also as a winter food store. Humans and dormice are both fond of honey and dormice will also eat bee larvae in the honeycomb. Other animals such as cats and hawks will feed on dormice. 1) From this information draw a food chain involving four organisms starting from the clover flower. 2) In what form does energy enter this food chain? 3) Into which form is this energy converted by the clover plant? 4) Why do clover flowers produce nectar? 5) Give two reasons why the bees need to store honey for the winter. 6) If a beekeeper removes honey from the hive in autumn she will provide the bees with sugar solution. Suggest a reason for this. 5
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