Museum of the Rockies Teacher Resources

Transcription

1 Museum of the Rockies Teacher Resources ENDURING PEOPLES EXHIBIT: European Influences on Native American Culture Exhibit Overview: The Enduring Peoples exhibit shows that, despite hundreds of years of persecution, Indian cultures are still in existence, not as they were 100 years ago, but still enduring. The languages still are spoken, religious practices occur, and traditional notions of family are being lived. To underline that point, each panel has a final line with the heading of TODAY which explains how certain traditional ideas are still active today. The Enduring Peoples exhibit does not focus on any single tribal group in this region. Instead, the exhibit deals with the similarities among the various tribes of the Northern Plains and Rockies. This neglects the many unique elements of each culture. Please make sure to address this issue with your class before you visit the Museum. Lesson Description: Explore the permanent exhibition of Montana's Plains Indian cultures with age-appropriate lessons specifically tailored for the. Student s grade nine through ten will have an opportunity to interpret ways the Native American culture changed with the introduction of European influences. Pre-lessons and extensions are provided to maximize each school s visit to the Museum and student learning. Goals: Students will be given the opportunity to: 1. Discover the ways that the introduction of the horse changed the Plains Indians lifestyle. 2. Understand both the positive and negative impacts of trade and western settlers on the Plains Indians. 3. Explore the impact of steel to the Plains Indian culture. Objectives: Students will be able to: 1. Analyze the ways that the introduction of the horse changed the Plains Indians lifestyle. 2. Describe the ways that fur trade and western settlers impacted the Plains Indians. 3. Assess the impact of steel to the Plains Indian culture. Essential Understandings Addressed: EU 1-5 Montana Social Studies Standards/Benchmarks Addressed: Standard 1, Benchmark 12.1 Standard 2, Benchmark 12.6 Standard 4, Benchmark 12.2 Standard 5, Benchmark 12 Standard 6, Benchmark 12.6

2 PRE-LESSON DETAILS: Materials: Artwork Analysis worksheet (attached) PDF files of artwork (attached) Introduction to Native Americans and European Cultural Influences: Tell the class that soon they will be going to the Museum of the Rockies to visit an exhibit on Native Americans. Initiate a class discussion on Native Americans. Discuss with students the idea of cultural influence and the implications of how those influences can either negatively or positively impact other cultures. The Importance of understanding European cultural influences on the Plains Indians: As European cultural influences began to move into the Plains Indian territory, it brought many changes for tribal groups. These changes had a profound impact on the Plains Indian culture as a whole. Dissecting Culture: After discussing the significance cultural influence, spark class discussion with the following questions. 1. What is culture? 2. What defines and influences culture? 3. Are outside influences on a culture positive or negative? Record the students ideas to revisit later Photography Interpretation Using the attached photos, have students work in pairs or on their own to complete the photography analysis worksheet (one worksheet for each photograph). The photography will show students changes in Native American culture as European influences increase. Wrap-up Explain to the class that when they visit the Museum of the Rockies they will be looking for examples of European influences on the Native American culture. More specifically, the European influences of horses, trade and western settlement, and steel. Museum of the Rockies Teaching Resources Page 2 of 12

3 LESSON DETAILS: Materials: Enduring Peoples gallery worksheet (attached) Pencil NO PENS ALLOWED IN EXHIBIT SPACE Notebook to use as writing surface Welcome: Welcome the students to the Museum and cover behavior expectations if not already addressed. Have your group split into three smaller groups with a chaperone with each group. Each smaller group will focus on three different areas of the Enduring Peoples exhibit to answer complete the gallery worksheet. Students will rotate through the exhibit to finish the worksheet. Artifact Interpretation Three main areas in the Enduring peoples exhibit will help students grasp the importance of European influence. Students will be expected to study artifacts, photos and read text in order to draw conclusions about the positive and negative impacts of European influences on Native American culture. Focus student learning on the following key points in each exhibit area: Area 1: Woman and Dog Travois Platform Key points for students to find Influence 1. Mobile Lifeway panel Horse 2. Horse Case Horse, Steel, Trade 3. Woman on Horse mural Horse 4. Hunting and Gathering Tools case Steel Area 2: Woman Working on Hide platform Key points for students to find Influence 1. Mannequin using hide scraper Steel, Trade 2. Daily Camp Life was Woman s Steel (cooking pot) Responsibility Panel Trade 3. Beaded artifacts Trade Area 3: Intercultural Relations (end of exhibit space) Key Points for students to find Influences 1. We Never Thought They Would Stay panel Trade (fur), Settlers 2. Trade (half case) Trade 3. Friends and Enemies panel Horse, Trade Wrap-up: Gather students at the end of their visit of the Enduring Peoples gallery and have students describe their interpretation of the artifacts. Students should be able to describe how artifacts help historians understand European influences on the Native American Culture. Museum of the Rockies Teaching Resources Page 3 of 12

4 EXTENSIONS: Essay: Follow-up your museum visits with a short essay. Possible question: European influences on the Native Americans of the northern plains had both positive and negative implications. Using the three main influences of horses, steel and trade, describe either the positive or negative effects these influences had on Native American culture. In-class video: PBS has produces many great films centered on Native American life. The PBS website will help direct you to helpful in-class videos. < Museum of the Rockies Teaching Resources Page 4 of 12

5 RESOURCES: Bryan, William L. Jr. Montana Indians: Yesterday and Today. 2 nd edition. American & World Geographic Publishing: Merrill-Maker, Andrea. Montana: People and Their Stories. The Grace Dangberg Foundation, Inc Montana Indians: Their History and Location. Montana Office of Public Instruction, Division of Indian Education. January Partial Recall. With Photographs of Native North Americans. Edited by Lucy R. Lippard. The New York Press Digital Collections at the Library of Congress Site. 30 Sept 2008 < Museum of the Rockies Teaching Resources Page 5 of 12

6 Name: Teacher/Period Photograph Analysis Directions: Look over the entire photograph to form an overall impression of the photo. Next divide the photo into four quadrants and study each section to see what new details become visible. OBSERVATION Use the chart below to list people, objects and activities in the photograph. People Objects Activities INFERENCE Based on what you have observed list three things you might infer from this photograph. QUESTIONS What questions does this photograph raise in your mind? Where could you find the answers? Museum of the Rockies Teaching Resources Page 6 of 12

7 Name Teacher/Period Enduring Peoples Gallery Worksheet Directions: For this exercise, the Enduring Peoples gallery will be broken down into three main areas. In these areas, you will find artifacts, photos and text panels that will demonstrate the impact of European influences on the Native American culture. Your purpose is to interpret these artifacts and draw conclusions of what they mean. AREA 1: Woman and Dog Travois Platform Find the following text panels, exhibit cases or photos/murals and answer the following questions. Mobil Lifeway - text panel Why was it important to the Plains Indian tribes to move from spot to spot throughout the year? How did the introduction of the dog and the horse impact the ability for Native American s to travel? Woman on Horse Pulling a Travois photo/mural What significant people, objects, and activities do you see in this photo that give you clues about European influences? By looking at this photo, what conclusions can you draw about the influences of Europeans on the Native American culture? Exhibit case that focuses on the horse List the objects you see in this case. What significant impact did the Spaniards introduction of the horse in Mexico, South and Central America have on the Plains Indian tribes? Museum of the Rockies Teaching Resources Page 7 of 12

8 Exhibit case: Hunting and Gathering Tools What changes do you notice with the arrows? What specific material changes to you see on the arrows? What advantages or disadvantages could you predict for Native American s with this particular change of material? Where do you think Native Americans would have received information and the skills to make significant changes to their hunting weapons? AREA 2: Woman Working on Hide Platform Find the following text panels, exhibit cases or photos/murals and answer the following questions. Mannequin using hide scraper List the objects you see on this platform. Take a close look at the hide scraper the Indian woman is using. What differences do you notice between the scraper she is using and the scraper in the case on the opposite facing wall? What can this tell you about European influences? Daily Camp Life was Woman s Responsibility text panel Take a close look at the photo on this text panel. What objects do you see? What materials do you see in this scene that represents introduced trade goods being used by tribal groups? Museum of the Rockies Teaching Resources Page 8 of 12

9 Exhibit cases that focus on beaded artifacts Where were many of the beads used on Native American clothing obtained from? Look carefully at the men s beaded vests. Explain the ways in which traditional Native American material has been combined with European trade goods. AREA 3: Intercultural Relations (end of exhibit space) Find the following text panels, exhibit cases or photos/murals and answer the following questions. We Never Thought They Would Stay text panel What do you believe this quote means? What can this quote tell you about the influx of settlers into traditional Native American lands? Exhibit case Trade and Cultural Exchanges Trade and cultural exchanges often time benefited both parties. Looking at this exhibit case can you describe some of the materials and beading patterns that show outside influences on clothing pieces? Why would certain cultural exchanges benefit all parties involved? Give examples. Museum of the Rockies Teaching Resources Page 9 of 12

10 Friends and Enemies text panel How would the material goods from European settlers affect warfare tactics with Native American tribes? What were some goods that were introduced to Native Americans that directly influenced warfare between tribes and the territorial battles with European settlers? Museum of the Rockies Teaching Resources Page 10 of 12

11 Partial Recall. With Photographs of Native North Americans. Edited by Lucy R. Lippard. The New York Press Museum of the Rockies Teaching Resources Page 11 of 12

12 Digital Collections at the Library of Congress Site. 30 Sept 2008 < Museum of the Rockies Teaching Resources Page 12 of 12