Head Trauma in Infants. Overview and New Findings Shaken Baby Syndrome. Easy formula for disaster. Legal and Medical Fallout 8/4/2013
|
|
- Milton Bailey
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Overview and New Findings Shaken Baby Syndrome Mary Ann Sens, MD, PhD Professor and Chair of Pathology; University of North Dakota Criminal Justice Institute St Paul, MN August 27, 2013 Head Trauma in Infants Shaken Baby : Colloquial term Infants (generally) Die unexpectedly Survive with varying degree of neurologic defects Triad of physical findings hemorrhage Retinal hemorrhage Encephalopathy Easy formula for disaster Crying, fussy infant Young parents / single or multiple caregivers External stressors (job, personal, financial) Sub optimal parenting skill Legal and Medical Fallout Canada Australia Great Britain United States 1
2 Concepts Puny neck muscles Large head Immature brain Triad: 1) Clinical Encephalopathy 2) hemorrhage 3) Retinal hemorrhage AFP, Matshes et al. Robert Finkbeiner 2
3 Clinical Encephalopathy Irritability, lethargy, vomiting, breathing irregularities, seizures, unresponsiveness, apnea Time course: Immediate or with lucid interval (uncommon, debated) Long term sequelae for survivors Hemorrhage Small Not space occupying Often bilateral Component of intradural hemorrhage Retinal Hemorrhage Present in 65 95% Unilateral or bilateral Flame shape common in superficial nerve layer Macula and perimacular regions most common May have retinal folds or detachments Less common: Pre retinal subhyaloid less common Intraretinal (dot blot) Vitreous No correlation with type of cerebral injury but total cerebral injury correlates with total retinal injury Current and Continuing Controversy Evolving Knowledge Triad accepted as definitive; injustices occurred Imperfect science and many expert witnesses Impact vs. No Impact How does the triad and each respective component produce clinical findings? Other explanations of findings? Does this exist? 3
4 Biomechanical Models Biomechanical Considerations First doubts of model with primate studies Subsequent studies by multiple authors Technical area: Disagreement amongst scientists with model types Strong background with injury mechanisms True model of infant head not currently perfect Mechanism of injury(ies) likely varies What is the cause of each component of triad hemorrhage Retinal hemorrhage Encephalopathy Clinical Encephalopathy Findings Controversy Cerebral edema (swelling) Mechanism of and neurologic deterioration encephalopathy Irritability, lethargy, Neuropathology findings vomiting, breathing Diffuse axonal damage irregularities, seizures, Local axonal damage unresponsiveness, apnea Role of ischemic changes, Death may result brain swelling / edema Long term sequelae for Time course for changes survivors and symptoms Origin of Encephalopathy Diffuse Axonal Injury Localized axonal injury Global ischemia Apnea Cerebral edema Classic Primary Apnea Causes of Triad Alternate Injury INJURY Contusion, Primary Apnea Fracture Scalp contusion / Retinal / fracture Consequence Hypoxia Consequence Hypoxia Shaken baby syndrome: re examination of diffuse axonal injury as cause of death. Oehmichen et. al., Acta Neuropathol (2008) 116: Secondary Brain Swelling Secondary (ICP, CVP, SAP) Brain Swilling Retinal Tertiary Hemorrhage hemorrhage Neither proven; not mutually exclusive Β Amyloid Precursor Protein (BAPP) 4
5 Hemorrhage Findings Small Not space occupying Often bilateral Component of intradural hemorrhage Controversies How subdural occurs Tearing of bridging veins Other mechanisms? Component to injury / death Origin of Hemorrhage Waney Squier Acta Neuropathol (2011) 122: Hematoma Origin of Retinal Hemorrhage Tearing of retinal vessels from acceleration deceleration forces Vitro retinal traction Venous obstruction / compression of optic nerve Known to occur in variety of clinical settings True incidence not known Difficult examination in infants Differentials: Triad and each component may be seen any other conditions Accidental craniocerebraltrauma Perinatal events: SDH (8%) and RH (34%) Natural, structural Arachnoid cyst; Benign Enlargement of Subarachnoid Space (BESS); Infections Aneurysm, AVM Cancer (variety of rare pediatric CNS tumors) Coagulopathy and thrombosis Genetic and metabolic: Glutaraciduria, OI, Menkeys, Terson syndrome, Galatosemia, others Complications of resuscitation, therapy Fig. 15 Cortical vein and sinus thrombosis. Male infant aged 4 weeks who collapsed and became floppy in a public park. bleeding was diagnosed on CT scan. a The autopsy showed dural sinus thrombosis. There is patchy bleeding over the surface of the brain related to thrombosed cortical veins. b Fixed brain: the right superficial middle (anastomotic) cerebral vein is thrombosed. This baby also had retinal haemorrhage which was due to central retinal vein thrombosis. c Haemorrhage at all levels of the retina (H&E 49). d There is thrombus in the central retinal vein in the optic nerve head (arrow). ON optic nerve (Masson s trichrome). e CD31 staining shows organization and early recanalisation of the central retinal vein (d, e 29) 5
6 Current Assessment Clinical reports: Compelling Spontaneous reports: Common if solicited Physical findings Cerebral edema, small SDH, retinal hemorrhage Neck findings Most *not all* with impact No smoking gun by any known modality Variety of disease and conditions contribute / cause findings Dr. Norman Guthkelch stated in 2011,"I don't think that the famous triad, however well some people think it's defined, can ever be so well defined that you can say that and nothing else cause it that meaning shaking." Shaking may cause NECK injury Neck Injury Component(s) Traditional anterior neck examination at autopsy negative Posterior neck dissection usually negative Cervical cord examination negative or subdural hemorrhage / ischemia Shaking may injure cervical ganglia: Delicate structures in fixed position in bone Phrenic nerve roots (c3,4,5; infants obligate diaphragm breathers) Cannot be examined with traditional dissections / clinical studies Three, Four, Five Keeps the Diaphragm Alive Matshes EM, Evans RM, Pinkard JK, Joseph JT, Lew EO. Shaken Infants die of neck trauma, not brain trauma. Academic Forensic Pathology 1: (1) 82 91, Study of neck structures in infants 35 infants, three ME jurisdictions, ages newborn to 36 months (3.2 months median) 12 documented hyper flexion injury (both abusive & MVA) 11 co sleeping/overlay 8 SIDS/SUID/Undetermined 2 blunt abdominal trauma (both abusive) 1 drowning 1 septic pneumonia (unsuspected; presented as potential abuse) Results Nerve root injury 12/12 with hyperflexion history 1/23 with no hyperflexion history (undetermined death) Location of nerve root injury Uni or bilateral C3, 4, 5: 100% C2, C6: 50% C7: 25% Matshes EM, Evans RM, Pinkard JK, Joseph JT, Lew EO. Shaken Infants die of neck trauma, not brain trauma. Academic Forensic Pathology 1: (1) 82 91,
7 Control History of Hyperextension 12/12 (10 with impact) 2/ 23 (one with suspicious history; other with sepsis) Encephalopathy 8/12 (all with survival > 4 hours) 5/23 (all but one with prolonged survival) Retinal Hemorrhage 9/ 12 examined; 8/9 RH 4/23 examined; ; 2/4 RH Matshes EM, Evans RM, Pinkard JK, Joseph JT, Lew EO. Shaken Infants die of neck trauma, not brain trauma. Academic Forensic Pathology 1: (1) 82 91, Conclusions Removal of neck and examination of cervical root ganglia beneficial Difficulty with clinical examination without specialized MRI equipment; current MRI resolution and probes at limit of detection / cannot detect Research area and capital expenditure for clinical evaluation of potential neck injury. Neuropathology Research Areas and Contributions to Understanding Immature brain: Huge difference in wounding pattern and response Trigeminal system Evolution of injury patterns within clinical practice Virtually all children are on life support for extended period findings from a few years ago do not fit Evolving Concepts Continued interface of law and medicine Continued public / political understanding and influences Medical Increased ability of life support systems Donation requests Biomarkers Imaging advances Forensic autopsy advances Unresponsive Infant Physical Findings Investigations WHAT HAPPENED When? Who? Child Family Society Health Team 7
8 Acute Trauma (inflicted, accidental) Disease Past injury, birth Findings Doctorial Level Expert Pool Forensic Pathologists (+/ Pediatric training) Neuropathologist(+/ Pediatric) Pediatric Pathologists (+/ Forensic training) Pediatricians (Child Abuse Pediatrics) Neurosurgeons (+/ Pediatric) Neurologists (+/ Pediatric) Ophthalmologists (+/ Pediatric) Intensivists / Hospitalists (+/ Pediatric, forensic training) Radiologists (+/ Forensic, pediatric training) Anthropologists (various specializations) Biomechanical Engineers (various specializations) The Future Case by Case Country by Country Evidence based Review 8
Mary Case, MD Professor of Pathology St. Louis University USA. 2015 MO Juvenile Justice Association Conference Lake Ozark, MO
Mary Case, MD Professor of Pathology St. Louis University USA 2015 MO Juvenile Justice Association Conference Lake Ozark, MO I have nothing to disclose 75 80% of child abuse deaths are due to head trauma
More informationShaken Baby Syndrome Prevention Program. Lisa Carroll RN, BSN
Shaken Baby Syndrome Prevention Program Lisa Carroll RN, BSN Shaken Baby Syndrome in US Occurs when infant or young child is violently shaken Most violent form of Child Abuse in US; between 1,200 1,800
More informationScience and the Shaken Baby
Science and the Shaken Baby Peter J Stephens MD pjtstephens@gmail.com 1 Child Abuse Experts Why there isn t such a thing Understanding these problems in depth requires advanced knowledge of all of these
More informationSHAKEN BABY SYNDROME:
SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME: A SAFETY MANUAL FOR HAND IN HAND CHILD CARE SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME BACKGROUND: The dangers of shaking a baby are becoming more and more apparent, often with disastrous results. The
More informationPE finding: Left side extremities mild weakness No traumatic wound No bloody otorrhea, nor rhinorrhea
Case report A 82-year-old man was suffered from sudden onset spasm of extremities then he fell down to the ground with loss of consciousness. He recovered his consciousness 7-8 mins later but his conscious
More informationHead Injury in Children
Head Injury in Children The worst fear of every parent is to receive news that your child has been injured in an accident. Unfortunately, in our society, accidental injuries have become the leading threat
More information6.0 Management of Head Injuries for Maxillofacial SHOs
6.0 Management of Head Injuries for Maxillofacial SHOs As a Maxillofacial SHO you are not required to manage established head injury, however an awareness of the process is essential when dealing with
More informationExpert Testimony Involving Radiology & Neuroradiology in NAT Cases. Brian Holmgren Assistant District Attorney General Davidson County, Nashville, TN
Expert Testimony Involving Radiology & Neuroradiology in NAT Cases Brian Holmgren Assistant District Attorney General Davidson County, Nashville, TN The Road To Court Expert Realities Usually you don t
More informationDo We Need a New Definition of Stroke & TIA as Proposed by the AHA? Stroke & TIA need to Remain Clinical Diagnoses: to Change Would be Bonkers!
Do We Need a New Definition of Stroke & TIA as Proposed by the AHA? No Stroke & TIA need to Remain Clinical Diagnoses: to Change Would be Bonkers! A/Prof Anne L. Abbott Neurologist School of Public Health
More informationTypes of Brain Injury
Types of Brain Injury The bones of your skull are hard and they protect your brain. Your brain is soft, like firm Jell-O. When your head moves, your brain moves inside your skull. When your head is hit
More informationWhat You Should Know About Cerebral Aneurysms
What You Should Know About Cerebral Aneurysms From the Cerebrovascular Imaging and Interventions Committee of the American Heart Association Cardiovascular Radiology Council Randall T. Higashida, M.D.,
More informationThe Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) A brief introduction
The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) A brief introduction Abbreviated Injury Scale 1990 Revision Update 98 The Abbreviated Injury Scale produced by: Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine
More informationTraumatic Brain Injury and Incarceration. Objectives. Traumatic Brain Injury. Which came first, the injury or the behavior?
Traumatic Brain Injury and Incarceration Which came first, the injury or the behavior? Barbara Burchell Curtis RN, MSN Objectives Upon completion of discussion, participants should be able to Describe
More informationWhat Is an Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)?
What Is an Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)? From the Cerebrovascular Imaging and Intervention Committee of the American Heart Association Cardiovascular Council Randall T. Higashida, M.D., Chair 1 What
More informationClash of the medical experts: Abusive Head Trauma. Copyright Notice
Clash of the medical experts: Abusive Head Trauma Karen Farst, MD UAMS, Dept of Pediatrics Arkansas Children s Hospital Justin Fitzsimmons, JD Search.org Copyright Notice This presentation contains the
More informationCOMMITTEE REPORT TO THE ATTORNEY GENERAL: SHAKEN BABY DEATH REVIEW
COMMITTEE REPORT TO THE ATTORNEY GENERAL: SHAKEN BABY DEATH REVIEW OVERVIEW: The tragedy of a child who dies unexpectedly in suspicious circumstances has many victims. 1 On December 2 nd, 2008, following
More informationWORKING P A P E R. Preventing Child Abuse and Neglect in the United States
WORKING P A P E R Preventing Child Abuse and Neglect in the United States EDITED BY REBECCA SHAW AND M. REBECCA KILBURN July 2008 Prepared for the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation This product is part
More informationPROBLEMS OF INFANT RETINO-DURAL HEMORRHAGE WITH MINIMAL EXTERNAL INJURY
12 Hous. J. Health L. & Policy 201 Copyright 2012 A.N. Guthkelch Houston Journal of Health Law & Policy ISSN 1534-7907 PROBLEMS OF INFANT RETINO-DURAL HEMORRHAGE WITH MINIMAL EXTERNAL INJURY A.N. Guthkelch
More informationObjectives. Fractures 2013-11-19. Identifying and interpreting fractures, burns and head injuries suspicious for abuse. Fractures Red Flags
Identifying and interpreting fractures, burns and head injuries suspicious for abuse Hosanna Au, MD, FRCPC Paul Kadar, MD, FRCPC Sarah B. Schwartz, MD, MEd, FRCPC Objectives At the end of this session,
More informationCavernous Angioma. Cerebral Cavernous Malformation ...
Cavernous Angioma... Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Information For Patients And Loved Ones 107 Quaker Meeting House Road Williamsburg, Virginia 23188 USA 1-866-HEAL-CCM 1-757-258-3355 www.angiomaalliance.org
More informationChild Abuse and Neglect AAP Policy Recommendations
Child Abuse and Neglect AAP Policy Recommendations When Inflicted Skin Injuries Constitute Child Abuse Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect PEDIATRICS Vol. 110 No. 3 September 2002, pp. 644-645 Recommendations
More informationDiscovery of an Aneurysm Following a Motorcycle Accident. Maya Babu, MSIII Gillian Lieberman, M.D.
Discovery of an Aneurysm Following a Motorcycle Accident Maya Babu, MSIII Gillian Lieberman, M.D. Patient CC: July 2004 65 yo male transferred to the BI from an OSH s/p motorcycle crash w/o a helmet CC
More informationOptic Disc Drusen. Normal Enlarged view of Optic Disc. Lumpy Appearance of Optic Disc. Optic Disc Drusen With Drusen
Optic Disc Drusen Your doctor has diagnosed you with optic disc drusen. Optic disc drusen are abnormal deposits of protein-like material in the optic disc the front part of the optic nerve. We do not know
More informationReturn to same game if sx s resolve within 15 minutes. Return to next game if sx s resolve within one week Return to Competition
Assessment Skills of the Spine on the Field and in the Clinic Ron Burke, MD Cervical Spine Injuries Sprains and strains Stingers Transient quadriparesis Cervical Spine Injuries Result in critical loss
More informationAPPENDIX A NEUROLOGIST S GUIDE TO USING ICD-9-CM CODES FOR CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES INTRODUCTION
APPENDIX A NEUROLOGIST S GUIDE TO USING ICD-9-CM CODES FOR CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES INTRODUCTION ICD-9-CM codes for cerebrovascular diseases is not user friendly. This presentation is designed to assist
More informationClinical guidance for MRI referral
MRI for cervical radiculopathy Referral by a medical practitioner (excluding a specialist or consultant physician) for a scan of spine for a patient 16 years or older for suspected: cervical radiculopathy
More informationTraumatic Head Injuries
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Traumatic Head Injuries Major contributing cause of trauma deaths Many survivors have permanent disability Commonly occurs in young adults (mostly males) Spokane County EMS
More informationTRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBI)
Background: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of trauma related disability and death in the U.S. TBIs can occur as either blunt, penetrating, or a combination of both depending
More informationAbusive Head Trauma Evidence: Admissibility at Trial
Abusive Head Trauma Evidence: Admissibility at Trial Justin T. Fitzsimmons Senior Attorney National District Attorneys Association s National Center for Prosecution of Child Abuse Alexandria, VA jfitzsimmons@ndaa.org
More informationChildhood Cancer in the Primary Care Setting
Childhood Cancer in the Primary Care Setting Mohamed Radhi, M.D. Associate Professor, UMKC Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT Children s Mercy Hospital I will discuss: Overview of childhood cancer Presentation
More informationIschaemic stroke 85% (85 in every 100 strokes)
UNDERSTANDING STROKE DUE TO INTRACEREBRAL HAEMORRHAGE This factsheet provides information for people who have had a stroke due to an intracerebral (bleed in the brain) and for their families and carers.
More informationArgument & Critique. Key Words Shaken Baby Syndrome; Dr Norman Guthkelch; Child abuse; Miscarriages of Justice; Medical Criminology.
Key Words Shaken Baby Syndrome; Dr Norman Guthkelch; Child abuse; Miscarriages of Justice; Medical Criminology. Integrity in Science: The Case of Dr Norman Guthkelch, Shaken Baby Syndrome and Miscarriages
More informationUPDATE: WHAT LAWYERS NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THE MEDICOLEGAL SCIENCE (INCLUDING BAPP STAINING) ASSOCIATED WITH ABUSIVE HEAD TRAUMA Mark C.
UPDATE: WHAT LAWYERS NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THE MEDICOLEGAL SCIENCE (INCLUDING BAPP STAINING) ASSOCIATED WITH ABUSIVE HEAD TRAUMA Mark C. Prugh Prugh Law Office 328 Historic Route 66 East Waynesville, Missouri
More informationKathryn DeVault, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P Director, HIM Solutions, AHIMA
ICD-10-CM: Let s Code, Part II Kathryn DeVault, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P Director, HIM Solutions, AHIMA Agenda Coding questions answered Review of ICD-10-CM coding scenarios ICD-10-CM Coding Questions Coding Questions...
More informationCHALLENGES IN IDENTIFYING NON- ACCIDENTAL INJURY. Graham Vimpani Senior Clinical Advisor Child Protection and Wellbeing NSW Kids and Families
CHALLENGES IN IDENTIFYING NON- ACCIDENTAL INJURY Graham Vimpani Senior Clinical Advisor Child Protection and Wellbeing NSW Kids and Families Possible presentations of Physical abuse and neglect Cutaneous
More informationOrthopaedic Spine Center. Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) Normal Discs
Orthopaedic Spine Center Graham Calvert MD James Woodall MD PhD Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) Normal Discs The cervical spine consists of the bony vertebrae, discs, nerves and other structures.
More informationLow Back Injury in the Industrial Athlete: An Anatomic Approach
Low Back Injury in the Industrial Athlete: An Anatomic Approach Earl J. Craig, M.D. Assistant Professor Indiana University School of Medicine Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Epidemiology
More informationNon Accidental Trauma in Children. Anna Antonopulos, DO, FAAP Pediatric Hospitalist, Benefis Hospital Great Falls, Montana January 18 th, 2014
Non Accidental Trauma in Children Anna Antonopulos, DO, FAAP Pediatric Hospitalist, Benefis Hospital Great Falls, Montana January 18 th, 2014 Child Abuse Definition: Keeping Children and Families Safe
More information2.1 Who first described NMO?
History & Discovery 54 2 History & Discovery 2.1 Who first described NMO? 2.2 What is the difference between NMO and Multiple Sclerosis? 2.3 How common is NMO? 2.4 Who is affected by NMO? 2.1 Who first
More informationSpinal Cord Injury Education. An Overview for Patients, Families, and Caregivers
Spinal Cord Injury Education An Overview for Patients, Families, and Caregivers Spinal Cord Anatomy A major component of the Central Nervous System (CNS) It is 15 to 16 inches long, and weighs 1 to 2 ounces
More informationCareful collection, organization and review of medical information
Preparing Birth Injury Case Prior To Expert Review of Causation Careful collection, organization and review of medical information essential to documentation of injury By RICHARD A. SILVER When analyzing
More informationHow To Manage A Catastrophic Injury
Report #14 CATASTROPHIC INJURIES: Paralysis, Amputation, Burns Overview: A catastrophic injury or illness usually occurs suddenly and without warning. Injuries may be considered catastrophic when they
More informationDescription of the OECD Health Care Quality Indicators as well as indicator-specific information
Appendix 1. Description of the OECD Health Care Quality Indicators as well as indicator-specific information The numbers after the indicator name refer to the report(s) by OECD and/or THL where the data
More informationHead Injury. Dr Sally McCarthy Medical Director ECI
Head Injury Dr Sally McCarthy Medical Director ECI Head injury in the emergency department A common presentation 80% Mild Head Injury = GCS 14 15 10% Moderate Head Injury = GCS 9 13 10% Severe Head Injury
More informationStatic Encephalopathy A Basis Explanation for Parents
Static Encephalopathy A Basis Explanation for Parents Nancy J. Hitzfelder, M.D. Medical Director July 1999 This article may not be copied without the express written permission of Easter Seals of Greater
More informationIt has been demonstrated that postmortem MDCT, or virtual
ORIGINAL RESEARCH A.B. Smith G.E. Lattin, Jr. P. Berran H.T. Harcke Common and Expected Postmortem CT Observations Involving the Brain: Mimics of Antemortem Pathology BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Postmortem
More informationNeck Injuries and Disorders
Neck Injuries and Disorders Introduction Any part of your neck can be affected by neck problems. These affect the muscles, bones, joints, tendons, ligaments or nerves in the neck. There are many common
More informationBrain Cancer. This reference summary will help you understand how brain tumors are diagnosed and what options are available to treat them.
Brain Cancer Introduction Brain tumors are not rare. Thousands of people are diagnosed every year with tumors of the brain and the rest of the nervous system. The diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors
More informationUnderstanding. Brain Tumors. Jana, diagnosed in 1999, with her husband, Paul.
Understanding Brain Tumors Jana, diagnosed in 1999, with her husband, Paul. What Is a Brain Tumor? A brain tumor, like other tumors, is a collection of cells that multiply at a rapid rate. The tumor may
More informationSubstandard Underwriting Structured Settlements
Substandard Underwriting Structured Settlements Structures 101-Back to Basics February 20-22, 2013 Las Vegas, Nevada Rosemary Brindamour BSN CSSC Chief Medical Underwriter Structured Settlement Underwriting
More informationStroke Coding Issues Presentation to: NorthEast Cerebrovascular Consortium
Stroke Coding Issues Presentation to: NorthEast Cerebrovascular Consortium October 30, 2008 Barry Libman, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P President, Barry Libman Inc. Stroke Coding Issues Outline Medical record documentation
More informationCervical Spinal Injuries
Cervical Spinal Injuries Common mechanism is extension or axial compression with buckling into extension. Structures most often injured are discs & facets. Disc & facet injuries are equally frequent. Major
More informationP 93.00 NATURE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF HEAD INJURY
Attorneys' Textbook of Medicine (Third Edition) CHAPTER 93 SEQUELAE OF HEAD INJURIES Excerpt Copyright 2008, Matthew Bender & Company, Inc., a member of the LexisNexis Group. P 93.00 NATURE AND SIGNIFICANCE
More informationHigh Risk Emergency Medicine
High Risk Emergency Medicine Minor Head Injuries in Patients on Oral Anticoagulants David Thompson, MD, MPH Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine No relevant financial relationships to disclose
More informationTRAUMA OF THE SPINE AND SPINAL CORD
TRAUMA OF THE SPINE AND SPINAL CORD Mauricio Castillo, M.D., F.A.C.R. Professor of Radiology and Chief of Neuroradiology University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC Editor-in-Chief,
More informationAvastin (Bevacizumab) Intravitreal Injection
Avastin (Bevacizumab) Intravitreal Injection This handout describes how Avastin may be used to treat wet age related macular degeneration (AMD) or macular edema due to retinal vascular disease such as
More informationOSTEOPATHIC CARE OF CHILDREN
OSTEOPATHIC CARE OF CHILDREN OSTEOPATHIC HEALTHCARE OF MAINE OSTEOPATHIC CARE OF CHILDREN Donald V. Hankinson, D.O. Childhood is a time when the potential for mental, physical and spiritual growth is profound.
More informationOverview. Geriatric Overview. Chapter 26. Geriatrics 9/11/2012
Chapter 26 Geriatrics Slide 1 Overview Trauma Common Medical Emergencies Special Considerations in the Elderly Medication Considerations Abuse and Neglect Expanding the Role of EMS Slide 2 Geriatric Overview
More informationTHE WRIST. At a glance. 1. Introduction
THE WRIST At a glance The wrist is possibly the most important of all joints in everyday and professional life. It is under strain not only in many blue collar trades, but also in sports and is therefore
More informationRT for Recurrent, Bulky, and Chemotherapy-Refractory Follicular Lymphoma: A Treatment Modality for Both Alleviating Symptoms and Potential Cure
RT for Recurrent, Bulky, and Chemotherapy-Refractory Follicular Lymphoma: A Treatment Modality for Both Alleviating Symptoms and Potential Cure Case Number: RT2009-04(M) Potential Audiences: Intent Doctor,
More informationSample Learning Objectives for a Medical School Radiology Curriculum: Listed by Subjects
Sample Learning Objectives for a Medical School Radiology Curriculum: Listed by Subjects This document lists sample learning objectives by subject matter The numerical ranking in parenthesis following
More informationUnderstanding. Spinal Cord Injury. Tasha, injured in 1997.
Understanding Spinal Cord Injury Tasha, injured in 1997. What Is Spinal Cord Injury? The spinal cord is the part of the central nervous system that contains the body s longest nerve fibers. It serves as
More informationOn Cervical Zygapophysial Joint Pain After Whiplash. Spine December 1, 2011; Volume 36, Number 25S, pp S194 S199
On Cervical Zygapophysial Joint Pain After Whiplash 1 Spine December 1, 2011; Volume 36, Number 25S, pp S194 S199 Nikolai Bogduk, MD, PhD FROM ABSTRACT Objective To summarize the evidence that implicates
More informationWhy is prematurity a concern?
Prematurity What is prematurity? A baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is considered premature. Approximately 12% of all babies are born prematurely. Terms that refer to premature babies are preterm
More informationTemple Physical Therapy
Temple Physical Therapy A General Overview of Common Neck Injuries For current information on Temple Physical Therapy related news and for a healthy and safe return to work, sport and recreation Like Us
More informationSpine Trauma: When to Transfer. Alexander Ching, MD Director, Orthopaedic Spine Trauma OHSU
Spine Trauma: When to Transfer Alexander Ching, MD Director, Orthopaedic Spine Trauma OHSU Disclosures Depuy Spine Consultant (teaching and courses) Department education and research funds Atlas Spine
More informationCerebral palsy, neonatal death and stillbirth rates Victoria, 1973-1999
Cerebral Palsy: Aetiology, Associated Problems and Management Lecture for FRACP candidates July 2010 Definitions and prevalence Risk factors and aetiology Associated problems Management options Cerebral
More informationCHAPTER 6 HEAD INJURY AND UNCONSCIOUSNESS
CHAPTER 6 HEAD INJURY AND UNCONSCIOUSNESS BRAIN INJURY Injury to the brain is one of the more serious outcomes that occur due to injury or illness. The first aider plays a major role in limiting damage
More informationRevised 10-4-10 Bethel Park s Sports Concussion and Closed Head Injury Protocol and Procedures for Student-Athletes
Bethel Park s Sports Concussion and Closed Head Injury Protocol and Procedures for Student-Athletes If the Certified Athletic Trainer of Bethel Park School District has a concern that a student-athlete
More informationSHAKEN BABY SYNDROME, ABUSIVE HEAD TRAUMA, AND ACTUAL INNOCENCE: GETTING IT RIGHT
Legal Studies Research Paper Series Paper No. 1195 Houston Journal of Health and Policy (forthcoming) SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME, ABUSIVE HEAD TRAUMA, AND ACTUAL INNOCENCE: GETTING IT RIGHT Keith A. Findley,
More informationHyperextension Injuries Thoracic Spine Joseph Junewick, MD FACR
Hyperextension Injuries Thoracic Spine Joseph Junewick, MD FACR 10/29/2010 History 3 year old restrained passenger involved in motor vehicle accident. Diagnosis Hyperextension Injuries Thoracic Spine Additional
More informationBrain Spots on Imaging Tests
Brain Spots on Imaging Tests To Be or Not to Be Concerned Metropolitan Underwriting Discussion Group 1/29/13 Charles Levy, MD Aviva USA CT and MRI 2 most common forms of brain imaging today As with any
More informationVitreo-Retinal and Macular Degeneration Frequently Asked Questions
Vitreo-Retinal and Macular Degeneration Frequently Asked Questions What is a Vitreo-Retinal specialist? Retinal specialists are eye physicians and surgeons who focus on diseases in the back of the eye
More informationA Rare Image. Dean M. Cestari, MD Fred Jakobiec, MD Fred Hochberg, MD Joseph F. Rizzo III, MD Rebecca C. Stacy, MD PhD
A Rare Image Dean M. Cestari, MD Fred Jakobiec, MD Fred Hochberg, MD Joseph F. Rizzo III, MD Rebecca C. Stacy, MD PhD Harvard Neuro-ophthalmology Service Boston, Massachusetts 51 year-old male financial
More informationHEAD INJURIES V S U H E A L T H C E N T E R V A L D O S T A S T A T E U N I V E R S I T Y F A L L 2 0 1 2
HEAD INJURIES V S U H E A L T H C E N T E R V A L D O S T A S T A T E U N I V E R S I T Y F A L L 2 0 1 2 LET S TALK ABOUT BRAIN INJURIES! Traumatic head injury affects more than 1.7 million people in
More informationREHABILITATION MEDICINE by PROFESSOR ANTHONY WARD
REHABILITATION MEDICINE by PROFESSOR ANTHONY WARD What is Rehabilitation Medicine? Rehabilitation Medicine (RM) is the medical specialty with rehabilitation as its primary strategy. It provides services
More information.org. Fractures of the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine. Cause. Description
Fractures of the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Page ( 1 ) Spinal fractures can vary widely in severity. While some fractures are very serious injuries that require emergency treatment, other fractures can
More informationSepsis: Identification and Treatment
Sepsis: Identification and Treatment Daniel Z. Uslan, MD Associate Clinical Professor Division of Infectious Diseases Medical Director, UCLA Sepsis Task Force Severe Sepsis: A Significant Healthcare Challenge
More informationICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting
2013 Narrative changes appear in bold text Items underlined have been moved within the guidelines since the 2012 version Italics are used to indicate revisions to heading changes The Centers for Medicare
More informationSide Impact Causes Multiplanar Cervical Spine Injuries
Side Impact Causes Multiplanar Cervical Spine Injuries 1 The Journal of Trauma, Injury, infection and Critical Care Volume 63(6), December 2007, pp 1296-1307 Maak, Travis G. MD; Ivancic, Paul C. PhD; Tominaga,
More informationOil 5/12/2010 WHAT IS SBS? FOEENSIC SCIENCE: "SHAKEN BABY" CASES WHEN WILL YOU SEE ACCUSATIONS INVOLVING SBS?
5/12/2010 FOEENSIC SCIENCE: "SHAKEN BABY" CASES For: National Seminar for Federal Defenders, Seattle, Washington, June 2, 2010 Jane McCIellan, AFPD, District of Arizona (based on previous presentation
More informationOKLAHOMA CITY UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW
OKLAHOMA CITY UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW VOLUME 37 SUMMER 2012 NUMBER 2 SYMPOSIUM EXAMINING SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME CONVICTIONS IN LIGHT OF NEW MEDICAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH Keith Findley Patrick Barnes David Moran
More informationNeonatal Hypotonia. Clinical Approach to Floppy Baby
Neonatal Hypotonia Clinical Approach to Floppy Baby Hypotonia in the newborn is a common presenting feature of systemic illness or neurologic dysfunction at any level of the central or peripheral nervous
More informationNEURO MRI PROTOCOLS TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS NEURO MRI PROTOCOLS BRAIN...2 Brain 1 Screen... 2 Brain 2 Brain Tumor... 2 Brain 3 Brain Infection / Meningitis... 2 Brain 4 Trauma... 3 Brain 5 Hemorrhage... 3 Brain 6 Demyelinating
More informationEpilepsy 101: Getting Started
American Epilepsy Society 1 Epilepsy 101 for nurses has been developed by the American Epilepsy Society to prepare professional nurses to understand the general issues, concerns and needs of people with
More informationSinus Headache vs. Migraine
Sinus Headache vs. Migraine John M. DelGaudio, MD, FACS Professor and Vice Chair Chief of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery Department of Otolaryngology Emory University School of Medicine 1 Sinus Headache Problems
More informationM ost subdural haemorrhages (SDH) in infancy result
472 ORIGINAL ARTICLE and brain swelling in non-accidental head injury A M Kemp, N Stoodley, C Cobley, L Coles, K W Kemp... Arch Dis Child 2003;88:472 476 See end of article for authors affiliations...
More informationForensic Anthropology. Introduction
Forensic Anthropology Introduction Introduction This course is Biological Anthropology We have covered many themes Primates Evolution Paleoanthropology Genetics Disease Life Cycle Variation Forensics We
More informationForensic Anthropology Introduction. Human Biology/Forensics B.M.C. Durfee High School
Forensic Anthropology Introduction Human Biology/Forensics B.M.C. Durfee High School Objectives Describe Forensic Anthropology Describe the history of Forensic Anthropology Identify the three fields of
More informationAdvanced Practice Provider Academy
(+)Dean T. Harrison, MPAS,PA C,DFAAPA Director of Mid Level Practitioners; Assistant Medical Director Clinical Evaluation Unit, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical
More informationHerniated Cervical Disc
Herniated Cervical Disc North American Spine Society Public Education Series What Is a Herniated Disc? The backbone, or spine, is composed of a series of connected bones called vertebrae. The vertebrae
More informationNACC National Alzheimer s Coordinating Center Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington
AGONAL STATE SURVEY (ADC NEUROPATHOLOGY CORE) - SUMMARY OF RESULTS 1. Is agonal state information collected at your ADC? Count (N=28) Percent (%) Yes 14 50.0 No 14 50.0 2. How do you define agonal period
More informationLeague of Denial Video guide and questions I
League of Denial Video guide and questions I Part I Mike Webster 0:00-21:37 minutes Vocabulary concussion - a stunning, damaging, or shattering effect from a hard blow; especially : a jarring injury of
More informationLECTURE 16 NEUROPATHOPHYSIOLOGY (HEAD INJURY)
LECTURE 16 Copyright 2000 by Bowman O. Davis, Jr. The approach and organization of this material was developed by Bowman O. Davis, Jr. for specific use in online instruction. All rights reserved. No part
More informationBrain Injury Litigation. Peter W. Burg Burg Simpson Eldredge Hersh & Jardine, P.C. www.burgsimpson.com
Brain Injury Litigation Peter W. Burg Burg Simpson Eldredge Hersh & Jardine, P.C. www.burgsimpson.com Some General Facts About Traumatic Brain Injury TBIs contribute to a substantial number of deaths and
More informationINTRODUCTION Thrombophilia deep vein thrombosis DVT pulmonary embolism PE inherited thrombophilia
INTRODUCTION Thrombophilia (Hypercoagulability) is a condition in which a person forms blood clots more than normal. Blood clots may occur in the arms or legs (e.g., deep vein thrombosis DVT), the lungs
More informationNORD Guides for Physicians #1. Physician s Guide to. Tyrosinemia. Type 1
NORD Guides for Physicians #1 The National Organization for Rare Disorders Physician s Guide to Tyrosinemia Type 1 The original version of this booklet was made possible by donations in honor of Danielle
More informationICD-9-CM coding for patients with Spinal Cord Injury*
ICD-9-CM coding for patients with Spinal Cord Injury* indicates intervening codes have been left out of this list. OTHER DISORDERS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (340-349) 344 Other paralytic syndromes
More informationbrain injury take care of yourself. we ll take care of the rest.
take care of yourself. we ll take care of the rest. common injuries While injuries to the head do not always result in damage to the brain, it s important to note the most common forms of head trauma that
More informationProfessor McLellan Emeritus Professor of Rehabilitation
Brain injury can be devastating for families and carers as well as the people directly affected. These cases require specialist advice and support and that is what the Brain Injury Group provides. It is
More information