A Study on Estimation of the Amount of Construction Wastes Using Construction Material Costs in Korea

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1 , pp A Study on Estimation of the Amount of Construction Wastes Using Construction Material Costs in Korea Kyun-Hyong Cho 1, Hung-Chan Jeon 1*, Myung-Eun Lee 1, Jun-Ho An 1, Doo-Sung Choi 2 1 Department of Architectural Engineering, Suwon University, Hwaseong, Korea 2 Department of Building Equipment & Fire Protection System, Chungwoon University, Incheon, Korea khcho@suwon.ac.kr, chun4575@nate.com, pigbab@naver.com, littlegeo@naver.com, trebelle@chungwoon.ac.kr Abstract. This study suggested how to estimate weight by input material using construction material costs. In addition, the amount of construction wastes produced was estimated against a total of 28 apartment complexes in Korea using the method proposed in this study. The study results found that when an apartment building was demolished, 1,739.6kg/m 2 of construction wastes were produced in average. Among them, concrete waste accounted for approximately 92 percent. Keywords: Construction waste, Construction statements, Input-output table, Construction material cost 1 Introduction The life cycle assessment of a structure refers to the method of assessing the environmental impact from the process of producing materials put into a structure until the process of its dismantlement and disuse after going through the construction & use phase. Among this process, calculation of the weight of construction wastes generated in the process of dismantlement and disuse is a definitely necessary task in the life cycle assessment, but its related researches are actually insufficient in comparison with the phase of material production or construction & its use notwithstanding that environmental impact of construction wastes is found to be about 1%[1] of the whole process. In case of Korea, there is a research [2][3][4] which constructed the source of construction wastes through the case analysis among the researches on amount of construction wastes, but there follows a difficult problem in applying the basic unit calculated by the existing researches to various types of buildings due to structural dissimilarity in survey objects by each research, and diversity of the generated wastes by process. Hereupon, this study is intending to suggest the method that makes it possible to calculate the construction wastes generation using the construction statements which specify the information about all input construction materials. ISSN: ASTL Copyright 2015 SERSC

2 2 Analysis Method This study is aimed at calculating the unit weight by input materials and its consequent construction wastes generation through the material cost analysis of construction statements. However, in case of calculation of wastes generation through the analysis of construction statements, there is a problem of difficulty in grasping the weight, and consequently calculating wastes generation due to the difference in unit and standard. Particularly, the materials like numerable products(windows & doors, electronic component, sink, various furniture, etc.),which are composed of one product are set as EA unit, and in case of H-shaped steel, it was analyzed to be set in ton or m, and in case of ready-mixed concrete cement, it was analyzed to be set in m 3. To this, this study suggest the method of calculating the wastes generation by calculating the unit weight through 'The Supply Value List' by Sector and Item' of the Input-Output Table in relation to input materials cost of Construction Statements as follows;. First, Classification of the input materials according to industrial classification suggested in the Input-Output Table through the analysis of Construction Statements Second, Calculation of unit price per unit weight(kg) over detailed item of industrial classification using 'Supply Price List' of Input-Output Table for weight calculation consequent on input unit price by industrial classification Third, Calculation of the weight of individually input materials in a structure by applying the calculated unit price per unit weight(kg)by industrial classification to materials cost of the industrially classified Construction Statements, and calculation of wastes generation by property by classifying industrial classification items according to property classification standards. 3 Analysis Result 3.1 Unit Cost Calculation Result per Unit Weight (kg) by Industrial Classification The unit cost per unit weight (kg) by industrial classification, which was finally calculated, using this study-suggested method is shown in <Table 1> below; Table 1. Unit Price Calculation Result per Unit Weight(kg) Industri al code Name Unit price (won/kg) Industri al code Name Unit price (won/kg) 38 Sand and pebbles Primary aluminum products 6, Other stone materials for architecture Other primary nonferrous metal products 54, Other non-metal minerals Metal products for buildings 12, Other fabrics 30, Metal products for structures 8, Other textiles 16, Installable metal tank and storage vessel 7, Twine, rope, and fishing net 6, Screws 18, Lumber Iron wire 5, Plywood 1, Attachable metal product 13, Wood products for architecture 1, Other metal goods 12, Other wood products 3, Valve 19, Other paper products 7, Industrial transport equipment 5, Printing 22, Air-conditioning, refrigerating, and freezing equipment 15, Copyright 2015 SERSC

3 148 Synthetic fiber 2, Boiler 12, Paints 9, Pump and compressor 24, Adhesive and gelatin 7, Air and liquid filtering purifier 33, Other chemical products 8, Other general-purpose machines 98, Primary plastic products 11, Construction and mineral processing machines 98, Industrial plastic 17, Other electric converters 29, Home plastic products 7, Electricity supply and control equipment 53, Tire and tube 2, Electric wires and cables 43, Industrial rubber products 14, Light bulbs and lighting fixtures 12, Plate glass and primary glass 25, Other electric equipment 52, Industrial glass products 5, Flat-panel digital display 62, Fireproof ceramic products 4, Resistor and condenser 32, Clay products for construction Other electrical parts 235, Cement TV 49, Ready-mix concrete AV equipment 12, Concrete products Other AV equipment 12, Lime and plaster products Landline communication equipment 25, Masonry Refrigerator and freezer for home 6, Asphalt products Electric heater for home 6, Rebar and steel bar 2, Electric water heater for home 6, Section steel 1, Automatic adjustment and control equipment 107, Hot rolled steel Measurement and analysis equipment 133, Steel pipe (except forged steel pipe) 5, Video recorder and projector 133, Forgery 1, Other optical equipment 123, Surface-coated steel 1, Wood furniture 1, Other primary steel products 1, Other furniture 5, Primary copper products 7, Athletic and competition equipmetn and materials 26, Construction Wastes Generation Calculation Result This study set the Korean representative residence building, i.e apartment house as its analysis object, and analyzed it by selecting a total of 28 apartment housing complexes which were constructed after In case of construction wastes, this study classified them into 11 sorts as shown in <Table 2> below according to properties using the classification system standard of wastes[6]. Table 2. Construction Wastes Classification Result Description Waste Concrete Waste asphalt concrete Waste wood Waste plastic Construction Sludge Waste fiber Waste wallpaper Waste steel Waste Glass Waste soil Mixed Construction waste Industrial classification name Cement, ready-mix concrete, and concrete products Asphalt concrete Lumber, plywood, recycled and compregnated wood, architectural wood products, wood furniture etc. Synthetic fiber, synthetic rubber, and plastic products Various waste oils, refined petroleum products, primary petrochemical products, and other primary organic compounds. Various threads and textiles Paper All metals Plate glass, primary glass, industrial glass products, and other glass products Sand, pebbles, rubble, other stone materials for construction, limestone, and masonry A mix of two or more of the above-listed construction wastes Calculation of the weight by input material by applying the unit price per unit weight(kg) by industrial classification shown in <Table 1> to the input material cost Copyright 2015 SERSC 11

4 of the Construction Statements for the analysis object-apartment buildings, and specifying of the gathered results by property in <Fig. 1> below. Fig 1. Construction Wastes Generation Calculation Result(28 Complexes) As a result of calculating the construction wastes generation of the apartment buildings, it was analyzed that in case of waste concrete, which accounted for the highest waste generation rate, it generated 1,600.2kg on an average per unit area(m 2 ), followed by waste steel generating 52.5kg, and next, mixed construction waste(31.9kg), waste soil(19.9kg), waste asphalt concrete(16.2kg), waste wood(12.1kg), waste plastic(5.6kg), waste glass(0.8kg), waste wallpaper(0.5kg) and the last waste fiber(0.1kg). In case of Construction Sludge, it was found not to be generated in time of dismantling apartment buildings. 4 Conclusion This study suggested the method that makes it possible to calculate construction wastes generation using the Construction Statements, and the construction wastes generation calculated through the case analysis is as follows; 1) This study constructed Database by calculating the unit price per the unit weight(kg) of 78 sorts related to architecture among the total of 404 sorts in industrial classification suggested in 'Input-Output Table of Korea' on the basis of Construction Statements. 2) This study calculated construction wastes generation consequent on the analysis of Construction Statements of a total of 28 apartment building complexes of Korea by classifying construction wastes into 12 sorts according to their properties through the application of the constructed DB. As a result of calculation, it was analyzed that the total construction wastes generation per unit area(m 2 ) was kg to the maximum and 1,462.4kg to the minimum, which explained there was a difference according to the number of floors, structure and sorts of input materials of a building even in case of a building of the 12 Copyright 2015 SERSC

5 same use. The average construction wastes generation was found to be 1,739.7kg, among which waste concrete was analyzed to account for about 92%. Acknowledgements. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOE)(NRF ) References 1. Choi, D.S., Jeon, H.C., Cho, K.H. : Analysis regarding the Environmental Impact of the Life Cycle of Housing Complexes in Korea, Korea Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, vol.15(5), pp (2014) 2. Korea Ministry of Environment: A Study on Separate Collection and a Unit of Construction Waste. (2004) 3. Jeong, E.H., Son, B.H., Hong, W.H., Jung, J.S. : A Comparison Study of Construction Waste Units on Residential Building Before and After Dismantling, Journal of The Architectural Institute of Korea, Vol.23(10), pp (2007) 4. Son, B.H., Hong W.H. : The Investigation on Application of Construction Waste Unit to Establish Resource Recycling System through Case Study, Journal of The Korea Institute of Ecological Architecture and Environment, Vol.10(5), pp (2010) 5. The Bank of Korea, 2003 Input-Output Tables. (2007) 6. Korea Ministry of Environment : 2011 Generation and Treatment of Waste in korea. (2012) Copyright 2015 SERSC 13