Development of Functional Porous Heat Sink for Cooling High-Power Electronic Devices
|
|
- Lisa Preston
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Yuki and Suzuki: Porous Heat Sink for High-Power Electronic Devices (1/6) [Technical Paper] Development of Functional Porous Heat Sink for Cooling High-Power Electronic Devices Kazuhisa Yuki and Koichi Suzuki Tokyo University of Science, Yamaguchi, Daigaku-dori 1-1-1, Sanyo-Onoda, Yamaguchi , Japan (Received August 18, 2012; accepted October 29, 2012) Abstract A sub-channels-inserted porous evaporator is proposed as a heat sink for future power electronic devices with a heat load exceeding 300 W/cm 2. The porous medium is made by sintering copper particles of micrometer size in diameter and has several sub-channels to enhance discharge of generated vapor outside the porous medium. This porous heat sink is attached to the backside of a heating chip and removes the heat by evaporating a cooling liquid passing through the porous medium against the heat flow. In order to prove the validity of the sub-channels, the heat transfer characteristics of this porous heat sink are evaluated experimentally. The result shows that the heat transfer performance of a sinteredcopper particles porous medium with sub-channels enables the removal of much higher heat flux under a lower flow rate of cooling water and a lower wall superheat conditions than those of a normal porous heat sink. The removal heat flux, 810 W/cm 2, is 1.8 times higher than that of a normal porous heat sink at a wall superheat of 50 K. Furthermore, it is clarified that even with a heat flux up to 810 W/cm 2, it is possible to sufficiently cool the SiC-based chip in practical use. Keywords: Cooling, High Power Electronic Devices, Porous Heat Sink, Sub-Channels, Phase-Change, High Heat Flux 1. Introduction With the rapid development of electric vehicles, the heat-power density generated in an inverter, i.e. the heat flux, has reached hundreds of W/cm 2. For instance, the heat flux for recent hybrid cars exceeds 100 W/cm 2 and this value will conceivably reach or exceed 300 W/cm 2 for future electric cars. Taking safety into account, it s a critical issue to develop a high heat flux heat sink capable of near 500 W/cm 2 of cooling performance, with a low-power pumping system in order to reduce power consumption. However, there is a possiblity that the heat spreader usually installed onto a heating chip to ease the heat flux isn t available for cooling this kind of high-power electronic device. This is due to the large thermal resistance, i.e., the large temperature difference generated within the spreader, which occurs under high heat flux conditions. Figure 1 shows the heat flux decline and the temperature difference in a copper heat spreader with a spread angle of 45 and a thickness of 5.0 mm set on to a cm 2 heating chip with a heat generation of 500 W/cm 2. In this estimation, the heat generated at the chip is assumed to Fig. 1 Heat flux decline and temperature difference in a copper heat spreader. 69
2 Transactions of The Japan Institute of Electronics Packaging Vol. 5, No. 1, dimensionally spread through the heat spreader. The heat flux in the spreader is eased to 100 W/cm 2 at a distance, ΔL, of 5.0 mm from the chip surface, but the temperature difference exceeds 30 K. This thermal resistance becomes much larger in consideration of the thermal contact resistance generated at both the sides of the spreader. Furthermore, the heat generated in the chip doesn t spread sufficiently within the spreader under the high heat transfer rate conditions that are inevitably required for cooling high heat flux devices. These facts suggest that direct cooling without a heat spreader might be essential under high heat flux conditions. In that sense, boiling heat transfer that utilizes the latent heat of vaporization is one realistic solution to remove a heat flux on the order of hundreds of W/cm 2. In order to succeed at high heat flux removal with low pumping power, the authors proposed a heat sink that utilizes the phase change of a cooling liquid in a metal porous medium attached to the back of high heat flux equipment firstly such as divertor in a fusion reactor.[1 6] This porous heat sink is a counter type of cooling device that removes heat by evaporating the cooling liquid, which is pumped against the heat flow. In other porous heat transfer devices that actively utilize the latent heat of vaporization, such as heat pipes[7] and vapor chambers,[8] the bottle-neck of vaporliquid exchange is a trade-off relationship between the capillarity and the permeability of the liquid, which makes it extremely difficult to achieve heat flux removal exceeding 100 W/cm 2. Of course, there are many papers reporting on porous heat sinks under flow conditions;[e.g. 9 12] the critical issue is to ease their large pressure loss. To cope with these difficulties, our porous heat sink enables mechanical pumping of a moderate amount of cooling liquid corresponding to the heat input towards the two-phase region and the evaporation of most of the liquid by utilizing the vast heat transfer surface of the porous medium. This system could lead to low flow rate operation and contribute significantly to economic driving of the electric vehicle. Judging from heat transfer experiments and simulations using water as the cooling liquid under atmospheric pressure conditions performed in the past,[5] a heat flux of up to approximately 300 W/cm 2 could be removed at a low wall superheat of 70 K under low flow rate conditions. However, it has also been confirmed that active discharge of the vapor generated in the porous medium could be essential for heat removal over 300 W/cm 2. In order to achieve heat flux removal exceeding 300 W/cm 2 under a high heat transfer rate, functional porous media that enable the active discharge of vapor outside the porous medium must be developed, keeping the large heat transfer surface. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the heat transfer performance and heat transfer characteristics of a new porous heat sink with included sub-channels and to clarify the applicability of this porous heat sink for cooling electronic power devices under heat flux conditions of over 300 W/cm Conceptual Design of Sub-Channels-Inserted (SCI) Porous Heat Sink The greatest concern in utilizing porous media as a heat sink is that a completely dry region is formed in the porous medium. This dry region increases the thermal resistance and reduces the effective thermal conductivity of the porous medium; as a result, it raises the surface temperature of the chip. One solution to this difficulty is the installation of sub-channels in the porous medium toward the outlet as shown in Fig. 2. As the sub-channels are arranged radially along the heat transfer surface of the cylindrical shape of the porous medium, the vapor formed near the center is automatically allowed to discharge outside the porous medium at the moment when the developed vapor-phase region reaches the inlets of these channels. It should be noted that these sub-channels can be installed not only in the above-mentioned direction but also in the axial and other directions. Furthermore, it is desirable to install a barrier wall between the vapor-discharging sub-channels and the porous medium in order to prevent the liquid from directly flowing into the sub-channels. In terms of the sub-channels-inserted (SCI) porous concept, we propose utilizing a pipe as the sub-channel. It might be possible to control vaporization completely, unlike in the usual flow boiling heat transfer. Fig. 2 Sub-channels-inserted porous medium. 70
3 Yuki and Suzuki: Porous Heat Sink for High-Power Electronic Devices (3/6) 3. Heat Flux Removal Experiment Using Sub-Channels- Inserted Porous Media 3.1 Experimental apparatus and procedure Figure 3 shows the test section of the experimental apparatus. The test section consists of a copper heat transfer block which is heated by a plasma arcjet, and a stainless-steal circular pipe with a porous medium inserted into it. Each of the parts is connected using a flange. Of course, we can utilize a high power cartridge heater as a heat source, but it s not possible to realize a heat flux exceeding 500 W/cm 2 for the large heat transfer surface used in this study. The copper heat transfer block is cooled by mechanically supplying water into the porous medium attached to the back of the block with a magnetic pump. The copper heat transfer block is cylindrical, 11.5 mm in thickness and 120 mm in diameter. On the central axis of the block, four K-type sheathed thermocouples, each 1.0 mm in diameter, are installed. The locations of the thermocouples are 1.5 mm, 4.0 mm, 6.5 mm, and 8.5 mm from the interface between the porous medium and the copper heat transfer block. The fluid passing through the porous medium can flow out only from the sub-channels as shown in Fig. 2; it is then discharged through six circular pipes, each with an inner diameter of 8 mm, attached to the connection flange. In this experiment, the flow rate of cooling water is adjusted first; afterwards, the heat transfer block is heated by the plasma arcjet. Heat flux from the plasma strongly depends on the distance between the plasma nozzle and the target. The distances, H, are H = 8.0, 5.0, and 4.0 cm. For each distance, after the temperatures of the copper heat transfer block reach a steady state, 1 min. of temperature data for each thermocouple is obtained at intervals of 1.0 s. From the evaluation of the temperature profile on the central axis of the block, the heat flux, q, is estimated using Fourier s law of heat conduction. The heat transfer coefficient is also evaluated by q/δt sat (ΔT sat : wall superheat). The degree of subcooling of the cooling water is approximately 80 K 85 K. Fig. 4 Photograph of porous medium. 3.2 Porous medium loaded sub-channels Figure 4 shows the sub-channels-inserted porous medium that we fabricated for the present study. In the fabricating process, first, copper pipes are attached onto the bottom surface of the graphite furnace mold, and then copper particles are filled around these pipes and sintered by heating and pressurizing. The average diameter of the copper particles used is 500 μm (the pore size is below 100 μm), and the porosity is approximately 30%. The porous medium is cylindrical, 50 mm in diameter and 20 mm in height. The installed copper pipe sub-channels are oriented in a radial direction along the heat transfer surface. Each sub-channel is 3.0 mm in diameter and 20 mm long, and a total of four sub-channels are installed at 90 angles in the circumferential direction. 4. Experiment Results 4.1 Heat transfer performance and characteristics of SCI porous heat sink Figures 5 and 6 indicate the removal heat flux and the wall temperatures, respectively. The horizontal axis indicates the mass flow flux of cooling water (kg s 1 m 2 ). The inlet pressure is approximately from 10 to 90 kpa. We adjusted the heat input by changing the distance from the plasma nozzle to the heat transfer surface. As shown in Fig. 5, there is a heat removal regime where the heat flux doesn t depend on the flow rate, especially for H = 5.0 and Fig. 3 Experimental apparatus. Fig. 5 Removal heat flux. 71
4 Transactions of The Japan Institute of Electronics Packaging Vol. 5, No. 1, 2012 H = 4.0 cm, which might correspond to a fully developed boiling regime on the usual boiling curve. In this regime, stable cooling in which no perturbations affect the cooling of the chip is possible. Focusing on the middle heat input case (H = 5.0 cm), the heat flux reaches 810 W/cm 2, which is 1.8 times higher than that of the normal porous heat sink which has the same particle diameter,[5] at a wall superheat of approximately 50 K (a wall temperature of 150 C). As shown in Fig. 7 the heat transfer coefficient reaches Wm 2 K 1 at the same wall superheat, which is 2.4 times higher. These results prove that the heat transfer performance of the newly introduced porous heat sink is dramatically enhanced by inserting the subchannels for discharging vapor. In the high heat input case (H = 4.0 cm), the heat flux almost reaches almost 1000 W/ cm 2 (the maximum heat flux is 960 W/cm 2 ), though the wall superheat exceeds 100 K (a wall temperature of 225 C). This suggests that the present heat sink isn t available for 1000 W/cm 2 class of a high power electronic device because the temperature of the chip excessively exceeds 200 C. Figure 7 also shows that the heat transfer coefficient increases with a decreasing flow rate, which proves that utilization of latent heat becomes more dominant as the flow rate decreases. Of course, we have to be careful of the degradation of the heat transfer coefficient in cases where the flow rate is quite low. On the other hand, the heat transfer coefficient decreases with increasing heat flux. This result doesn t show the degradation of the heat transfer of this heat sink because the data still correspond to that in a fully developed boiling regime where the heat flux doesn t depend on the flow rate. In that sense, this data indicates the increase in the temperature jump due to thermal contact resistance at the interface between the heat transfer block and the porous medium. This temperature jump also depends on the heat flux and could be significant with increasing heat flux. 4.2 Applicability of SCI porous heat sink to high power electronics devices Focusing on the approximately 40 kg s 1 m 2 mass flow flux of the cooling water shortly before the degradation in the heat transfer coefficient, we can obtain a boiling curvelike result for the present SCI porous heat sink. Figures 8 and 9 show the heat flux and the heat transfer coefficient, respectively, for wall superheat. As mentioned above, although the heat transfer coefficient decreases with increasing heat flux, it is possible to cope with this by sintering the porous medium and the heat transfer block together. By utilizing data obtained in this study, we can predict the chip surface temperature without the effect of thermal resistance. Figure 10 shows the chip surface temperature for the heat flux, assuming that the thickness of the copper base of the heat sink is 1.0 mm (see Fig. 11). Fig. 6 Wall temperature. Fig. 8 Boiling curve for porous cooling. Fig. 7 Heat transfer coefficient. Fig. 9 Heat transfer coefficient. 72
5 Yuki and Suzuki: Porous Heat Sink for High-Power Electronic Devices (5/6) Fig. 10 Temperatures of chip. wall temperature was approximately 220 C). (4) With a heat flux from 300 W/cm 2 to 810 W/cm 2 the chip can be sufficiently cooled if the SiC-based chip can operate at up to 200 C. The optimized design of the sub-channels conceivably depends mainly on the heat input, which suggests that the diameter, length, number, and shape of the sub-channels need to be adjusted along with the increase of heat flux. As our next step, we plan to evaluate these impacts on the heat transfer performance and characteristics for the flow rate of cooling water, degree of subcooling, and heat flux. Fig. 11 Prediction of chip surface temperature. Judging from these data, a heat flux from 300 W/cm 2 to 810 W/cm 2 is sufficient to cool down the chip if the SiCbased chip can operate up to 200 C. Although the detailed boiling curve-like data shown in Fig. 8 should be obtained and the thermal contact resistance must be evaluated under high heat flux conditions in order to predict the chip surface temperature more precisely, the present study sufficiently proves the applicability of the SCI porous heat sink to high-power electronic devices. 5. Conclusion In this study, the heat transfer performance and characteristics of a sub-channels-inserted porous heat sink were evaluated. The findings are summarized as follows. (1) The heat transfer performance of a sintered-copperparticles porous medium with sub-channels enables the removal of a much higher heat flux under a lower flow rate of cooling water and a lower wall superheat conditions, compared with normal porous media. (2) A heat flux of 810 W/cm 2 was achieved at a wall superheat of 50 K and a heat transfer coefficient of Wm 2 K 1. (3) The heat flux could reach almost 1000 W/cm 2 although the wall superheat exceeded 100 K (The References [1] K. Yuki, J. Abei, H. Hashizume, and S. Toda, Super- High Heat Flux Removal Using Sintered Metal Porous Media, Journal of Thermal Science, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp , [2] H. Togashi, K. Yuki, and H. Hashizume, Heat transfer enhancement technique with copper fiber porous media, Fusion science and technology, Vol. 47, No. 3, pp , [3] K. Yuki, J. Abei, H. Hashizume, and S. Toda, Numerical Investigation of Thermofluid Flow Characteristics with Phase Change against High Heat Flux in Porous Media, ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 130, Issue 1, , [4] A. Matsui, K. Yuki, and H. Hashizume, Dependence of heat transfer coefficient on porous structure in porous media, Proceedings of 2008 ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference, Paper-no , [5] K. Yuki, H. Hashizume, S. Toda, and K. Suzuki, Key issues to enable heat flux removal exceeding 10 MW/m 2 by use of metal porous media as latent-heat transfer device, Special Topics & Reviews in Porous Media An International Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 1 13, [6] K. Yuki, K. Suzuki, J. Abei, H. Hashizume, and S. Toda, Numerical investigation on heat transfer characteristics in metal-particle-based porous heat sink by a two-energy model, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Porous Media and its Applications in Science and Engineering, [7] D. Reay, R. McGlen, and P. Kew, Heat Pipes, Sixth Edition: Theory, Design and Applications, Butterworth-Heinemann, [8] K. M. Kota, Design and Experimental Study of an Integrated Vapor Chamber-Thermal Energy Storage System, Proquest Umi Dissertation,
6 Transactions of The Japan Institute of Electronics Packaging Vol. 5, No. 1, 2012 [9] C. Li and G. P. Peterson, Evaporation/Boiling in Thin Capillary Wicks (I) Wick Thickness Effect, ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 128, pp , [10] C. Li and G. P. Peterson, Evaporation/Boiling in Thin Capillary Wicks (II) Effects of Volumetric Porosity and Mesh Size, ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 128, pp , [11] Z. Q. Chen, P. Cheng, and T. S. Zhao, An Experimental Study Of Two Phase Flow And Boiling Heat Transfer In Bi-Dispersed Porous Media, Int. Comm. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp , [12] G. Hetsroni, M. Gurevich, and R. Rozenblit, Sintered porous medium heat sink for cooling of highpower mini-devices, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, Vol. 27, Issue 2, pp , Kazuhisa Yuki Research on cooling technology of high heat flux equipment such as electronic and energy devices, utilizing metal porous media, micro & minichannel, nano technology etc. ( teacher /t-yuuki.html) Koichi Suzuki Research on boiling heat transfer and advanced high heat flux cooling system for power electronics. A leading researcher on Microbubble Emission Boiling (MEB) in the world. ( teacher/t-suzuki.html) 74
Vapor Chambers. Figure 1: Example of vapor chamber. Benefits of Using Vapor Chambers
Vapor Chambers A vapor chamber is a high-end thermal management device that can evenly dissipate heat from a small source to a large platform of area (see Figure 1). It has a similar construction and mechanism
More informationFEDSM2014-21213. Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Enhancement in Subcooled and Saturated Refrigerants in Minichannel Heat Sinks
Proceedings of the ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels FEDSM2014 August 3-7, 2014,
More informationTheoretical and Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Characteristics through a Rectangular Microchannel Heat Sink
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Characteristics through a Rectangular Microchannel Heat Sink Dr. B. S. Gawali 1, V. B. Swami 2, S. D. Thakre 3 Professor Dr., Department of Mechanical
More informationHeat Pipe, selection of working fluid
Heat Pipe, selection of working fluid Per Wallin Dept. of Energy Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden Abstract Heat pipes are common in many application fields
More informationDetermination of Thermal Conductivity of Coarse and Fine Sand Soils
Proceedings World Geothermal Congress Bali, Indonesia, - April Determination of Thermal Conductivity of Coarse and Fine Sand Soils Indra Noer Hamdhan 1 and Barry G. Clarke 2 1 Bandung National of Institute
More information2. CHRONOLOGICAL REVIEW ABOUT THE CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT
ANALYSIS OF PCM SLURRIES AND PCM EMULSIONS AS HEAT TRANSFER FLUIDS M. Delgado, J. Mazo, C. Peñalosa, J.M. Marín, B. Zalba Thermal Engineering Division. Department of Mechanical Engineering University of
More informationHeat Pipe Cooling of Concentrating Photovoltaic (CPV) Systems
Heat Pipe Cooling of Concentrating Photovoltaic (CPV) Systems William G. Anderson 1, Sanjida Tamanna 2, David B. Sarraf 3, and Peter M. Dussinger 4 Advanced Cooling Technologies, Inc., Lancaster, PA, 17601
More informationBattery Thermal Management System Design Modeling
Battery Thermal Management System Design Modeling Gi-Heon Kim, Ph.D Ahmad Pesaran, Ph.D (ahmad_pesaran@nrel.gov) National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, U.S.A. EVS October -8, 8, 006 Yokohama,
More informationHeat Pipe Selection Revision 12/04/2001
Heat Pipe Selection Revision 12/04/2001 Heat pipes are being used very often in particular applications when conventional cooling methods are not suitable. Once the need for heat pipe arises, the most
More information5.2. Vaporizers - Types and Usage
5.2. Vaporizers - Types and Usage 5.2.1. General Vaporizers are constructed in numerous designs and operated in many modes. Depending upon the service application the design, construction, inspection,
More informationIHTC14- NANO-STRUCTURED TWO-PHASE HEAT SPREADER FOR COOLING ULTRA-HIGH HEAT FLUX SOURCES
Proceedings of the 14th International Heat Transfer Conference IHTC14 August 8-13, 2010, Washington, DC, USA IHTC14- NANO-STRUCTURED TWO-PHASE HEAT SPREADER FOR COOLING ULTRA-HIGH HEAT FLUX SOURCES Mitsuo
More informationVerification Experiment on Cooling and Deformation Effects of Automatically Designed Cooling Channels for Block Laminated Molds
International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT ISSN: 2249 8958 Volume-4 Issue-5 June 2015 Verification Experiment on Cooling and Deformation Effects of Automatically Designed Cooling
More informationExperimental Study of Free Convection Heat Transfer From Array Of Vertical Tubes At Different Inclinations
Experimental Study of Free Convection Heat Transfer From Array Of Vertical Tubes At Different Inclinations A.Satyanarayana.Reddy 1, Suresh Akella 2, AMK. Prasad 3 1 Associate professor, Mechanical Engineering
More informationExperimental investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement of Heat Pipe Using Silver/Water Nanofluid
Available online at www.ganpatuniversity.ac.in University Journal of Research ISSN (Online) 0000 0000, ISSN (Print) 0000 0000 Experimental investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement of Heat Pipe Using
More information16. Heat Pipes in Electronics Cooling (2)
16. Heat Pipes in Electronics Cooling (2) 16.1 Pulsating Heat Pipes 16.1.1Introduction Conventional heat pipe technology has been successfully applied in the last thirty years for the thermal management
More informationExperimental Evaluation Of The Frost Formation
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 2014 Experimental Evaluation Of The Frost Formation Yusuke Tashiro Mitsubishi
More informationCASL-U-2013-0193-000
L3:THM.CFD.P7.06 Implementation and validation of the new RPI boiling models using STAR-CCM+ as CFD Platform Victor Petrov, Annalisa Manera UMICH September 30, 2013 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This milestone is
More informationSteady Heat Conduction
Steady Heat Conduction In thermodynamics, we considered the amount of heat transfer as a system undergoes a process from one equilibrium state to another. hermodynamics gives no indication of how long
More information18th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering
CYLINDRICAL ENCAPSULATED COLD STORAGE Juan José Milón Guzmán Universidad Católica San Pablo, Av. Salaverry, 31, Vallecito, Cercado, Arequipa, Perú milonjj@ucsp.edu.pe Sergio leal Braga Pontificia Universidade
More informationTHE THERMAL FLOW METER, A GAS METER FOR ENERGY MEASUREMENT
THE THERMAL FLOW METER, A GAS METER FOR ENERGY MEASUREMENT Kazuto Otakane, Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd Katsuhito Sakai, Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd Minoru Seto, Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd 1. INTRODUCTION Tokyo Gas s new gas meter,
More informationTesting methods applicable to refrigeration components and systems
Testing methods applicable to refrigeration components and systems Sylvain Quoilin (1)*, Cristian Cuevas (2), Vladut Teodorese (1), Vincent Lemort (1), Jules Hannay (1) and Jean Lebrun (1) (1) University
More informationCPU COOLING OF DESKTOP COMPUTER BY PARALLEL MINIATURE HEAT PIPES
104 CPU COOLING OF DESKTOP COMPUTER BY PARALLEL MINIATURE HEAT PIPES Chowdhury Md. Feroz* and Ahmed Imtiaz Uddin Department of Mechanical Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology
More information978-1-4673-1965-2/12/$31.00 2012 IEEE 1488
Generic Thermal Analysis for Phone and Tablet Systems Siva P. Gurrum, Darvin R. Edwards, Thomas Marchand-Golder, Jotaro Akiyama, Satoshi Yokoya, Jean-Francois Drouard, Franck Dahan Texas Instruments, Inc.,
More informationCCI HEAT PIPE DESIGN GUIDE
CCI HEAT PIPE DESIGN GUIDE Rev: D01 Prepared by:cci RD01 Heat Pipe Team Date:27. June. 2006 *Contents Feature descriptions & Geometry limitation Test methodology descriptions Screen Mesh Groove Sintering
More informationRESULTS OF ICARUS 9 EXPERIMENTS RUN AT IMRA EUROPE
Roulette, T., J. Roulette, and S. Pons. Results of ICARUS 9 Experiments Run at IMRA Europe. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido,
More informationExperimental Investigation on Turbulent Flow Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Horizontal Circular Pipe using internal threads of varying depth
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-issn: 2278-1684 Volume 5, Issue 3 (Jan. - Feb. 2013), PP 23-28 Experimental Investigation on Turbulent Flow Heat Transfer Enhancement in a
More informationAN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF EXERGY IN A CORRUGATED PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 6, Issue 11, Nov 2015, pp. 16-22, Article ID: IJMET_06_11_002 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?jtype=ijmet&vtype=6&itype=11
More informationNUCLEAR ENERGY RESEARCH INITIATIVE
NUCLEAR ENERGY RESEARCH INITIATIVE Experimental and CFD Analysis of Advanced Convective Cooling Systems PI: Victor M. Ugaz and Yassin A. Hassan, Texas Engineering Experiment Station Collaborators: None
More informationHow To Design A 3D Print In Metal
DMLS / SLM Metal 3D Printing. An introductory design guide for our 3d printing in metal service. v2.2-8th July 2015 Pricing considerations. Part Volume. One of the biggest factors in the price for DMLS
More informationNaK Variable Conductance Heat Pipe for Radioisotope Stirling Systems
NaK Variable Conductance Heat Pipe for Radioisotope Stirling Systems Calin Tarau 1, William G. Anderson 2, and Kara Walker 3 Advanced Cooling Technologies, Inc., Lancaster, PA 17601 U.S.A. In a Stirling
More informationHEAT TRANSFER AUGMENTATION THROUGH DIFFERENT PASSIVE INTENSIFIER METHODS
HEAT TRANSFER AUGMENTATION THROUGH DIFFERENT PASSIVE INTENSIFIER METHODS P.R.Hatwar 1, Bhojraj N. Kale 2 1, 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar College of Engineering & Research,
More informationComparison of Heat Transfer between a Helical and Straight Tube Heat Exchanger
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology. ISSN 0974-3154 Volume 6, Number 1 (2013), pp. 33-40 International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com Comparison of Heat Transfer
More informationAn Experimenatl Study on Heat Transfer Behaviors of A Welded - Aluminum Minichannel Heat Exchanger
ISSN (e): 2250 3005 Vol, 05 Issue,02 February 2015 International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) An Experimenatl Study on Heat Transfer Behaviors of A Welded - Aluminum Minichannel
More informationZhao et al. 2.2 Experimental Results in Winter Season The analysis given below was based on the data collected from Nov. 2003 to Mar. 15, 2004.
Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2005 Antalya, Turkey, 24-29 April 2005 A Case Study of Ground Source Heat Pump System in China Jun Zhao, Chuanshan Dai, Xinguo Li, Qiang Zhu and Lixin Li College of
More informationEffect of Magnesium Oxide Content on Final Slag Fluidity of Blast Furnace
China Steel Technical Report, No. 21, pp. 21-28, (2008) J. S. Shiau and S. H. Liu 21 Effect of Magnesium Oxide Content on Final Slag Fluidity of Blast Furnace JIA-SHYAN SHIAU and SHIH-HSIEN LIU Steel and
More informationWelcome to the World of Aavid Heat Pipes
Welcome to the World of Aavid Heat Pipes As a pioneer in heat pipe technology and their application, Aavid Thermalloy has developed a high quality manufacturing process to ensure long life and reliability
More informationExperimental Study on Super-heated Steam Drying of Lignite
Advanced Materials Research Vols. 347-353 (2012) pp 3077-3082 Online available since 2011/Oct/07 at www.scientific.net (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.3077
More informationReview on Experimental Analysis and Performance Characteristic of Heat Transfer In Shell and Twisted Tube Heat Exchanger
Review on Experimental Analysis and Performance Characteristic of Heat Transfer In Shell and Twisted Tube Heat Exchanger Nitesh B. Dahare Student, M.Tech (Heat power Engg.) Ballarpur Institute of Technology,
More informationENERGY CARRIERS AND CONVERSION SYSTEMS Vol. II - Liquid Hydrogen Storage - Takuji Hanada, Kunihiro Takahashi
LIQUIDHYDROGEN STORAGE Takuji Hanada Air Liquide Japan Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan Kunihiro Center for Supply Control and Disaster Management, Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan Keywords: liquidhydrogen, insulation
More informationVAD. Variable Area Desuperheaters
Desuperheater overview Steam used in process plants can be superheated, that is, heated to a temperature above saturation. The excess of temperature above its saturation is called 'superheat'. Desuperheated
More informationExperimental Heat Transfer Analysis of the IPR-R1 TRIGA Reactor
Experimental Heat Transfer Analysis of the IPR-R1 TRIGA Reactor Amir Zacarias Mesquita Nuclear Technology Development Center (CDTN), Belo Horizonte, Brazil Abstract. The 250 W IPR-R1 TRIGA Nuclear Research
More informationInternational Journal of Latest Research in Science and Technology Volume 4, Issue 2: Page No.161-166, March-April 2015
International Journal of Latest Research in Science and Technology Volume 4, Issue 2: Page No.161-166, March-April 2015 http://www.mnkjournals.com/ijlrst.htm ISSN (Online):2278-5299 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
More informationHEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS IN A 3D SQUARE CHANNEL LAMINAR FLOW WITH USING BAFFLES 1 Vikram Bishnoi
HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS IN A 3D SQUARE CHANNEL LAMINAR FLOW WITH USING BAFFLES 1 Vikram Bishnoi 2 Rajesh Dudi 1 Scholar and 2 Assistant Professor,Department of Mechanical Engineering, OITM, Hisar (Haryana)
More informationDifferential Relations for Fluid Flow. Acceleration field of a fluid. The differential equation of mass conservation
Differential Relations for Fluid Flow In this approach, we apply our four basic conservation laws to an infinitesimally small control volume. The differential approach provides point by point details of
More informationWaste Heat Recovery through Air Conditioning System
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development e-issn: 2278-067X, p-issn : 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com Volume 5, Issue 3 (December 2012), PP. 87-92 Waste Heat Recovery through Air Conditioning
More informationHEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT ON DOUBLE PIPE HEAT EXCHANGER BY WIRE COILED AND TAPER WIRE COILED TURBULATOR INSERTS
HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT ON DOUBLE PIPE HEAT EXCHANGER BY WIRE COILED AND TAPER WIRE COILED TURBULATOR INSERTS J.Kalil basha 1,G.Karthikeyan 2, S.Karuppusamy 3 1,2 Assistant Professor, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan
More informationVAD Variable Area Desuperheaters
Local regulations may restrict the use of this product to below the conditions quoted. In the interests of development and improvement of the product, we reserve the right to change the specification without
More informationA LAMINAR FLOW ELEMENT WITH A LINEAR PRESSURE DROP VERSUS VOLUMETRIC FLOW. 1998 ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting
TELEDYNE HASTINGS TECHNICAL PAPERS INSTRUMENTS A LAMINAR FLOW ELEMENT WITH A LINEAR PRESSURE DROP VERSUS VOLUMETRIC FLOW Proceedings of FEDSM 98: June -5, 998, Washington, DC FEDSM98 49 ABSTRACT The pressure
More informationBB-18 Black Body High Vacuum System Technical Description
BB-18 Black Body High Vacuum System Technical Description The BB-18 Black Body is versatile and is programmed for use as a fixed cold target at 80 K or variable target, at 80 K- 350 K no extra cost. The
More informationUNIT 2 REFRIGERATION CYCLE
UNIT 2 REFRIGERATION CYCLE Refrigeration Cycle Structure 2. Introduction Objectives 2.2 Vapour Compression Cycle 2.2. Simple Vapour Compression Refrigeration Cycle 2.2.2 Theoretical Vapour Compression
More informationInitial Experiments of a Novel Liquid Desiccant Dehumidifier for Industrial and Comfort Air Conditioning Systems
Abstract Initial Experiments of a Novel Liquid Desiccant Dehumidifier for Industrial and Comfort Air Conditioning Systems M. Jaradat, R. Heinzen, U. Jordan, K. Vajen Kassel University (Germany), Institute
More informationIl Peso del Thermal Management nei LED
Il Peso del Thermal Management nei LED Heat Pipe: high performance thermal solution Ing. Manca Claudio F.lli POLI S.r.l. Padova 10-12 Ottobre 2013 Titolo Intervento 1/N Heat pipes in the history The Heat
More informationNumerical Investigation of Heat Transfer Characteristics in A Square Duct with Internal RIBS
merical Investigation of Heat Transfer Characteristics in A Square Duct with Internal RIBS Abhilash Kumar 1, R. SaravanaSathiyaPrabhahar 2 Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, Tamilnadu India 1,
More informationAPPLICATION OF TRANSIENT WELLBORE SIMULATOR TO EVALUATE DELIVERABILITY CURVE ON HYPOTHETICAL WELL-X
PROCEEDINGS, Thirty-Third Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering Stanford University, Stanford, California, January 8-30, 008 SGP-TR-185 APPLICATION OF TRANSIENT WELLBORE SIMULATOR TO EVALUATE DELIVERABILITY
More informationUnderstanding Boiling Water Heat Transfer in Metallurgical Operations
Understanding Boiling Water Heat Transfer in Metallurgical Operations Dr. Mary A. Wells Associate Professor Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering University of Waterloo Microstructural
More informationInternational Journal of Food Engineering
International Journal of Food Engineering Volume 6, Issue 1 2010 Article 13 Numerical Simulation of Oscillating Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger Benyin Chai, Shandong University Min Shao, Shandong Academy of Sciences
More informationTesting and Performance of the Convex Lens Concentrating Solar Power Panel Prototype
Testing and Performance of the Convex Lens Concentrating Solar Power Panel Prototype Ankit S. Gujrathi 1, Prof. Dilip Gehlot 2 1 M.tech (2 nd Year), 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engg.,
More informationCFD SIMULATION OF SDHW STORAGE TANK WITH AND WITHOUT HEATER
International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 1, Issue2, July-2012 1 CFD SIMULATION OF SDHW STORAGE TANK WITH AND WITHOUT HEATER ABSTRACT (1) Mr. Mainak Bhaumik M.E. (Thermal Engg.)
More informationCalculation of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Burning Rates
Calculation of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Burning Rates Carolina Herrera, R. Mentzer, M. Sam Mannan, and S. Waldram Mary Kay O Connor Process Safety Center Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering
More informationCONTENTS. ZVU Engineering a.s., Member of ZVU Group, WASTE HEAT BOILERS Page 2
WASTE HEAT BOILERS CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION... 3 2 CONCEPTION OF WASTE HEAT BOILERS... 4 2.1 Complex Solution...4 2.2 Kind of Heat Exchange...5 2.3 Heat Recovery Units and Their Usage...5 2.4 Materials
More informationEXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF A DOMESTIC HOT WATER STORAGE TANK THERMAL BEHAVIOUR
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF A DOMESTIC HOT WATER STORAGE TANK THERMAL BEHAVIOUR S. Amara (1)*, B. Benyoucef (2), B. Nordell (3), A. Touzi (1) and A. Benmoussat (2) (1) Unité de Recherche en Energies Renouvelables
More informationADVANCED HIGH TEMPERATURE LATENT HEAT STORAGE SYSTEM DESIGN AND TEST RESULTS. D. Laing, T. Bauer, W.-D. Steinmann, D. Lehmann
ADVANCED HIGH TEMPERATURE LATENT HEAT STORAGE SYSTEM DESIGN AND TEST RESULTS D. Laing, T. Bauer, W.-D. Steinmann, D. Lehmann Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center (DLR) Pfaffenwaldring
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF HIGH SPEED RESPONSE LAMINAR FLOW METER FOR AIR CONDITIONING
DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH SPEED RESPONSE LAMINAR FLOW METER FOR AIR CONDITIONING Toshiharu Kagawa 1, Yukako Saisu 2, Riki Nishimura 3 and Chongho Youn 4 ABSTRACT In this paper, we developed a new laminar flow
More informationMechanical shaft seal types and sealing systems
Chapter 2 Mechanical shaft seal types and sealing systems 1. Mechanical shaft seal types 2. Sealing systems 3. Selecting a mechanical shaft seal Mechanical shaft seal types and sealing systems 1. Mechanical
More informationPERMEABILITY TEST. To determine the coefficient of permeability of a soil using constant head method.
PERMEABILITY TEST A. CONSTANT HEAD OBJECTIVE To determine the coefficient of permeability of a soil using constant head method. need and Scope The knowledge of this property is much useful in solving problems
More informationRefrigeration Basics 101. By: Eric Nelson
Refrigeration Basics 101 By: Eric Nelson Basics Refrigeration is the removal of heat from a material or space, so that it s temperature is lower than that of it s surroundings. When refrigerant absorbs
More informationDiagnostics. Electric probes. Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear Instituto Superior Técnico Lisbon, Portugal http://www.ipfn.ist.utl.
C. Silva Lisboa, Jan. 2014 IST Diagnostics Electric probes Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear Instituto Superior Técnico Lisbon, Portugal http://www.ipfn.ist.utl.pt Langmuir probes Simplest diagnostic
More informationEFFECT OF OBSTRUCTION NEAR FAN INLET ON FAN HEAT SINK PERFORMANCE
EFFECT OF OBSTRUCTION NEAR FAN INLET ON FAN HEAT SINK PERFORMANCE Vivek Khaire, Dr. Avijit Goswami Applied Thermal Technologies India 3rd Floor,C-Wing,Kapil Towers, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune- 411 1 Maharashtra,
More informationEnvironmental and Safety Impacts of HFC Emission Reduction Options for Air Conditioning and Heat Pump Systems
Environmental and Safety Impacts of HFC Emission Reduction Options for Air Conditioning and Heat Pump Systems William M. Corcoran, George Rusch, Mark W. Spatz, and Tim Vink AlliedSignal, Inc. ABSTRACT
More informationTHERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AND THERMAL EXPANSION COEFFICIENT OF GFRP COMPOSITE LAMINATES WITH FILLERS
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AND THERMAL EXPANSION COEFFICIENT OF GFRP COMPOSITE LAMINATES WITH FILLERS K. Devendra $ and T. Rangaswamy & $ Asst. Professor, Dept. of Mech. Engineering, SKSVMACET, Laxmeshwar, KA,
More informationExperiment 3 Pipe Friction
EML 316L Experiment 3 Pipe Friction Laboratory Manual Mechanical and Materials Engineering Department College of Engineering FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Nomenclature Symbol Description Unit A cross-sectional
More informationExergy Analysis of a Water Heat Storage Tank
Exergy Analysis of a Water Heat Storage Tank F. Dammel *1, J. Winterling 1, K.-J. Langeheinecke 3, and P. Stephan 1,2 1 Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 2 Center
More informationExperimental Study On Heat Transfer Enhancement In A Circular Tube Fitted With U -Cut And V -Cut Twisted Tape Insert
Experimental Study On Heat Transfer Enhancement In A Circular Tube Fitted With U -Cut And V -Cut Twisted Tape Insert Premkumar M Abstract Experimental investigation of heat transfer and Reynolds number
More informationIntegration of a fin experiment into the undergraduate heat transfer laboratory
Integration of a fin experiment into the undergraduate heat transfer laboratory H. I. Abu-Mulaweh Mechanical Engineering Department, Purdue University at Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN 46805, USA E-mail: mulaweh@engr.ipfw.edu
More informationFirst Measurements with U-probe on the COMPASS Tokamak
WDS'13 Proceedings of Contributed Papers, Part II, 109 114, 2013. ISBN 978-80-7378-251-1 MATFYZPRESS First Measurements with U-probe on the COMPASS Tokamak K. Kovařík, 1,2 I. Ďuran, 1 J. Stöckel, 1 J.Seidl,
More informationNumerical Analysis of Independent Wire Strand Core (IWSC) Wire Rope
Numerical Analysis of Independent Wire Strand Core (IWSC) Wire Rope Rakesh Sidharthan 1 Gnanavel B K 2 Assistant professor Mechanical, Department Professor, Mechanical Department, Gojan engineering college,
More informationCalculating Heat Loss by Mark Crombie, Chromalox
Calculating Heat Loss by Mark Crombie, Chromalox Posted: January 30, 2006 This article deals with the basic principles of heat transfer and the calculations used for pipes and vessels. By understanding
More informationCFD Analysis of Application of Phase Change Material in Automotive Climate Control Systems
CFD Analysis of Application of Phase Change Material in Automotive Climate Control Systems Vijayakumar Nachimuthu 1, Prabhu Mani 2, Muthukumar. P 3 1 Flowxplore, Coimbatore, India., 2 Kathir College of
More informationHead Loss in Pipe Flow ME 123: Mechanical Engineering Laboratory II: Fluids
Head Loss in Pipe Flow ME 123: Mechanical Engineering Laboratory II: Fluids Dr. J. M. Meyers Dr. D. G. Fletcher Dr. Y. Dubief 1. Introduction Last lab you investigated flow loss in a pipe due to the roughness
More informationExperimental study of a parabolic solar concentrator
Revue des Energies Renouvelables CICME 08 Sousse (008) 193-199 Experimental study of a parabolic solar concentrator A.R. El Ouederni 1*, A.W. Dahmani, F. Askri 3, M. Ben Salah 3 and S. Ben Nasrallah 4
More informationSoil Suction. Total Suction
Soil Suction Total Suction Total soil suction is defined in terms of the free energy or the relative vapor pressure (relative humidity) of the soil moisture. Ψ = v RT ln v w 0ω v u v 0 ( u ) u = partial
More informationThe Effect of Mass Flow Rate on the Enhanced Heat Transfer Charactristics in A Corrugated Plate Type Heat Exchanger
Research Journal of Engineering Sciences ISSN 2278 9472 The Effect of Mass Flow Rate on the Enhanced Heat Transfer Charactristics in A Corrugated Plate Type Heat Exchanger Abstract Murugesan M.P. and Balasubramanian
More information1. A belt pulley is 3 ft. in diameter and rotates at 250 rpm. The belt which is 5 ins. wide makes an angle of contact of 190 over the pulley.
Sample Questions REVISED FIRST CLASS PARTS A1, A2, AND A3 (NOTE: these questions are intended as representations of the style of questions that may appear on examinations. They are not intended as study
More informationRESPONSE TIME INDEX OF SPRINKLERS
, Number l, p.1-6, 29 RESPONSE TIME INDEX OF SPRINKLERS C.K. Sze Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China ABSTRACT The Plunge test would be carried
More informationEXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF PARTIAL AND FULLY CHARGED THERMAL STRATIFIED HOT WATER STORAGE TANKS
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJMET) International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6340 (Print) ISSN 0976 6359
More informationME 315 - Heat Transfer Laboratory. Experiment No. 7 ANALYSIS OF ENHANCED CONCENTRIC TUBE AND SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS
ME 315 - Heat Transfer Laboratory Nomenclature Experiment No. 7 ANALYSIS OF ENHANCED CONCENTRIC TUBE AND SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS A heat exchange area, m 2 C max maximum specific heat rate, J/(s
More informationAdaptation of General Purpose CFD Code for Fusion MHD Applications*
Adaptation of General Purpose CFD Code for Fusion MHD Applications* Andrei Khodak Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory P.O. Box 451 Princeton, NJ, 08540 USA akhodak@pppl.gov Abstract Analysis of many fusion
More informationA heat pipe heat recovery heat exchanger for a mini-drier
A heat pipe heat recovery heat exchanger for a mini-drier A Meyer Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch R T Dobson Department of Mechanical Engineering, University
More informationADVANCED COOLING TECHNOLOGIES, INC. Innovations in Action
HEAT PIPE PRODUCT RELIABILITY Introduction Advanced Cooling Technologies, Inc. (ACT) has worked extensively on heat pipes product reliability. This paper covers the following aspects related to heat pipe
More informationA MTR FUEL ELEMENT FLOW DISTRIBUTION MEASUREMENT PRELIMINARY RESULTS
A MTR FUEL ELEMENT FLOW DISTRIBUTION MEASUREMENT PRELIMINARY RESULTS W. M. Torres, P. E. Umbehaun, D. A. Andrade and J. A. B. Souza Centro de Engenharia Nuclear Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares
More informationENERGY CARRIERS AND CONVERSION SYSTEMS Vol. II - Transportation of Hydrogen by Pipeline - Kunihiro Takahashi TRANSPORTATION OF HYDROGEN BY PIPELINE
TRANSPORTATION OF HYDROGEN BY PIPELINE Kunihiro Takahashi Director, Center for Supply Control and Disaster Management, Tokyo Gas Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan Keywords: pipeline transportation of gaseous hydrogen,
More informationEffective Cooling Method for Spin Casting Process
Effective Cooling Method for Spin Casting Process Yong-Ak Song, Sehyung Park, Yongsin Kwon Korea Institute of Science and Technology KIST, CAD/CAM Research Center P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul, Korea
More informationA Comparison of an R22 and an R410A Air Conditioner Operating at High Ambient Temperatures
R2-1 A Comparison of an R22 and an R410A Air Conditioner Operating at High Ambient Temperatures W. Vance Payne and Piotr A. Domanski National Institute of Standards and Technology Building Environment
More informationMold Preventing I nterior System
interior insulation and renovation boards A system of components that have been designed to work perfectly together to repair damage caused by mold. The system consists of boards, insulation wedges, reveal
More information3. Inspections performed at Doel 3 in June-July 2012
Flaw indications in the reactor pressure vessel of Doel 3 This note provides a summary of the information available on the 3 rd of September 2012. 1. Purpose Summary of the available information and preliminary
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJMET)
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJMET) Proceedings of the 2 nd International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014 ISSN 0976 6340 (Print)
More informationHEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF COLD STORAGE
HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF COLD STORAGE Upamanyu Bangale and Samir Deshmukh Department of Mechanical Engineering, SGBA University, Amravati, India ABSTRACT India is largest producer of fruit and vegetable
More informationPerformance Test of Solar Assisted Solid Desiccant Dryer
Performance Test of Solar Assisted Solid Desiccant Dryer S. MISHA 1,2,*, S. MAT 1, M. H. RUSLAN 1, K. SOPIAN 1, E. SALLEH 1, M. A. M. ROSLI 1 1 Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
More informationEffect of design parameters on temperature rise of windings of dry type electrical transformer
Effect of design parameters on temperature rise of windings of dry type electrical transformer Vikas Kumar a, *, T. Vijay Kumar b, K.B. Dora c a Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Pune University
More informationHeat Transport Study of the Laminar Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger
Smart Grid and Renewable Energy, 2012, 3, 348-354 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/sgre.2012.34046 Published Online November 2012 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/sgre) Heat Transport Study of the Laminar Heat Pipe
More information