Midge Flies and Wastewater Plants. Lauren Lochstampfor Regional Biologist
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1 Midge Flies and Wastewater Plants Lauren Lochstampfor Regional Biologist
2 Why are midges important to control in WWTP s? Economic estimates of midge impact vary Damage to pumps and moving parts Clogged filters Health and Safety Hazard for WWTP Employees Many municipal WWTP s are located in or near residential areas. 1. Marshall, Stephen. Insects Their Natural History and Diversity. Firefly Books, Pg 391.
3 Chironomid Midge Flies Look like mosquitoes Red Worms Numbers can be in tens of thousands per square meter Larvae present in most aquatic habitats.
4 Chironomid Biology Adult males swarm. Females rest on surrounding structures and fly up to males and select one to mate with. Egg masses are laid on the surface of the water and sink down into the sludge. Larvae hatch in the sludge and create case like tubes around themselves. After 2-7 weeks pupae emerge and it starts again. Adult midges only live a few days but can lay up to 3000 eggs!
5 Psychodid Midge Flies Trickle Filter Files (P. alternata) Also called moth flies or sometimes sand flies Larvae are found on wet nutrient rich films In San Diego, CA one municipal Sewage Plant estimates that they discharge up to 20 million Psychodids each day Marshall, Stephen. Insects Their Natural History and Diversity. Firefly Books, Pg 391.
6 Psychodid biology Females lay eggs directly onto moist organic debris Eggs hatch in less than 2 days and larvae feed on organic matter After 9-15 days larvae pupate and spend 1-2 days in the slime as pupae Adults live for only a few days.
7 Simplified Sewage Treatment Process Source:
8 Many Shapes and Sizes
9
10 Pretreatment
11 Primary Treatments
12 PrimaryTreatments
13 Secondary Treatment Trickle Filters and Medium
14 Sewage Tertiary Treatment Any treatment above primary or secondary that helps to make the water more suitable for discharge Can include disinfection, microfiltration, and lagooning May also include nutrient and/or odor removal
15 Control Methods Talk to the Operator! Understand where in the plant the midge flies are emerging from. Know what type of WWTP structures you will be treating and where you will be treating. Psychodid s like trickle filters Chironomid s like clarifiers Larval control is more effective than adult control
16 Control Methods Larval Control Use liquid larvicide products Vectobac 12AS has a technical bulletin for filter fly control in WWTP s. Methreprene and mono-molecular films also work. Make sure you get the plant flow rate from the operator to calculate the correct application rate. Start with a high dosage, and decrease your dose rate after that. Treatment timing can vary depending on time of year and type of midge.
17 Larval Control Methods Trickle filters Treat at point before water enters filters. Have WWTP operator recirculate the treated water through each filter for at least 30 minutes. Clarifiers Treat either directly into clarifier or at flow divider/stabilizer before clarifiers. Any treatments to flowing water should be timed to occur over 30 minutes
18 Adult Control Methods Barrier treatments indoors and outdoors are effective at adult control Can be performed in conjunction with larval control to knockdown large populations. Can have WWTP Operators hose down walls
19 Other Control Methods Gambusia fish where possible Lagoons, storage tanks, etc Regular cleaning and maintenance Hosing down surfaces Removing slime/sludge Plant re-design
20 Additional Resources ve_all_the_solids_gone nfly.htm Biever, K.D. and Mulla, M.S. Effects of Temperature on the Developmental Stages of Psychoda alternata (Diptera Psychodidae). Mosquito News 26(3): Ali, Arshad. A Concise Review of Chironomid Midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) as Pests and Their Management. Journal of Vector Ecology 21(2):
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