Chapter 5. Nomenclature
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1 Chapter 5 Nomenclature
2 Section 5.1 Naming Compounds Binary Compounds Composed of two elements Binary Ionic Compounds Metal nonmetal Binary Covalent Compounds Nonmetal nonmetal Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 2
3 Section 5.2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) Binary ionic compounds contain positive cations and negative anions. Type I compounds Metal present forms only one cation. Type II compounds Metal present can form 2 or more cations with different charges. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 3
4 Section 5.2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) Common Simple Cations and Anions Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 4
5 Section 5.2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) Rules for Naming Type I Ionic Compounds 1. The cation is always named first and the anion second. 2. A simple cation takes its name from the name of the element. 3. A simple anion is named by taking the first part of the element name (the root) and adding ide. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 5
6 Section 5.2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) Binary Ionic Compounds (Type I) Examples: KCl Potassium chloride MgBr 2 Magnesium bromide CaO Calcium oxide Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 6
7 Section 5.2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) Exercise What is the name of the compound SrBr 2? a) strontium bromine b) sulfur bromide c) strontium dibromide d) strontium bromide Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 7
8 Section 5.2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II) Metals in these compounds can form more than one type of positive charge. Charge on the metal ion must be specified. Roman numeral indicates the charge of the metal cation. Transition metal cations usually require a Roman numeral. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 8
9 Section 5.2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) Common Type II Cations Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 9
10 Section 5.2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) Rules for Naming Type II Ionic Compounds 1. The cation is always named first and the anion second. 2. Because the cation can assume more than one charge, the charge is specified by a Roman numeral in parentheses. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 10
11 Section 5.2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II) Examples: CuBr Copper(I) bromide FeS Iron(II) sulfide PbO 2 Lead(IV) oxide Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 11
12 Section 5.2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) Exercise What is the name of the compound CrO 2? a) chromium oxide b) chromium(ii) oxide c) chromium(iv) oxide d) chromium dioxide Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 12
13 Section 5.2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) Exercise What is the correct name of the compound that results from the most stable ion for sulfur and the metal ion that contains 24 electrons? a) iron(iii) sulfide b) chromium(ii) sulfide c) nickel(iii) sulfate d) iron(ii) sulfide Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 13
14 Section 5.3 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III) Rules for Naming Type III Binary Compounds Formed between two nonmetals. 1. The first element in the formula is named first, and the full element name is used. 2. The second element is named as though it were an anion. 3. Prefixes are used to denote the numbers of atoms present. 4. The prefix mono- is never used for naming the first element. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 14
15 Section 5.3 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III) Prefixes Used to Indicate Numbers in Chemical Names Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 15
16 Section 5.3 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III) Binary Covalent Compounds (Type III) Examples: CO 2 Carbon dioxide SF 6 Sulfur hexafluoride N 2 O 4 Dinitrogen tetroxide Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 16
17 Section 5.3 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III) Exercise What is the name of the compound SeO 2? a) selenium oxide b) selenium dioxide c) selenium(ii) oxide d) selenium(iv) dioxide Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 17
18 Section 5.4 Naming Binary Compounds: A Review Flow Chart for Naming Binary Compounds Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 18
19 Section 5.5 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions Polyatomic ions are charged entities composed of several atoms bound together. They have special names and must be memorized. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 19
20 Section 5.5 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions Names of Common Polyatomic Ions Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 20
21 Section 5.5 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions Naming ionic compounds containing polyatomic ions follows rules similar to those for binary compounds. Ammonium acetate Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 21
22 Section 5.5 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions Examples NaOH Sodium hydroxide Mg(NO 3 ) 2 Magnesium nitrate (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 Ammonium sulfate FePO 4 Iron(III) phosphate Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 22
23 Section 5.5 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions Overall Strategy for Naming Chemical Compounds Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 23
24 Section 5.5 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions Exercise What is the name of the compound KClO 3? a) potassium chlorite b) potassium chlorate c) potassium perchlorate d) potassium carbonate Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 24
25 Section 5.5 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions Exercise Examine the following table of formulas and names. Which of the compounds are named correctly? Formula Name I P 2 O 5 Diphosphorus pentoxide II ClO 2 Chlorine oxide a) I, II b) I, III, IV c) I, IV d) I only III PbI 4 Lead iodide IV CuSO 4 Copper(I) sulfate Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 25
26 Section 5.6 Naming Acids Acids Acids can be recognized by the hydrogen that appears first in the formula HCl. Molecule with one or more H + ions attached to an anion. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 26
27 Section 5.6 Naming Acids Rules for Naming Acids If the anion does not contain oxygen, the acid is named with the prefix hydro and the suffix ic attached to the root name for the element. Examples: HCl HCN H 2 S Hydrochloric acid Hydrocyanic acid Hydrosulfuric acid Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 27
28 Section 5.6 Naming Acids Acids That Do Not Contain Oxygen Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 28
29 Section 5.6 Naming Acids Rules for Naming Acids If the anion contains oxygen: The suffix ic is added to the root name if the anion name ends in ate. Examples: HNO 3 H 2 SO 4 HC 2 H 3 O 2 Nitric acid Sulfuric acid Acetic acid Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 29
30 Section 5.6 Naming Acids Rules for Naming Acids If the anion contains oxygen: The suffix ous is added to the root name if the anion name ends in ite. Examples: HNO 2 H 2 SO 3 HClO 2 Nitrous acid Sulfurous acid Chlorous acid Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 30
31 Section 5.6 Naming Acids Some Oxygen-Containing Acids Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 31
32 Section 5.6 Naming Acids Flowchart for Naming Acids Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 32
33 Section 5.6 Naming Acids Exercise Which of the following compounds is named incorrectly? a) KNO 3 potassium nitrate b) TiO 2 titanium(ii) oxide c) Sn(OH) 4 tin(iv) hydroxide d) PBr 5 phosphorus pentabromide e) H 2 SO 3 sulfurous acid Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 33
34 Section 5.6 Naming Acids Examples Sodium hydroxide NaOH Potassium carbonate K 2 CO 3 Sulfuric acid H 2 SO 4 Dinitrogen pentoxide N 2 O 5 Cobalt(III) nitrate Co(NO 3 ) 3 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 34
35 Section 5.6 Naming Acids Exercise A compound has the formula XCl 3 where X could represent a metal or nonmetal. What could the name of this compound be? a) phosphorus trichloride b) carbon monochloride c) tin(iv) chloride d) magnesium chloride Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 35
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