Table of contents. Section 1-0 The magnetic compass...1. Section 2-0 Global positioning and charts...7. iii

Transcription

1 Table of contents Section 1-0 The magnetic compass The earth s magnetic field Variation Construction of the compass Direct-reading compass Reverse-reading compass Installation of a compass Deviation Hand bearing compass Fluxgate compass Steering by compass...5 Section 2-0 Global positioning and charts Global positioning Latitude Longitude Coordinates Nautical mile Direction Charts Projections Scale Training Chart IC/CA Folding the paper chart Title block Heights and elevations Soundings Hazards Compass rose Bottom margin Parallels of latitude Meridians of longitude Measurement of distance Symbols and abbreviations Port-hand buoys Starboard-hand buoys Fairway Buoys Port bifurcation buoys Starboard bifurcation buoys Isolated danger buoy North cardinal buoy...20 iii

2 Table of Contents East cardinal buoy South cardinal buoy West cardinal buoy Special purpose buoys Light characteristics Port-hand daybeacon Starboard-hand daybeacon Bifurcation daybeacon Range markers Charts of other areas Strip charts Sailing Directions Small Craft Guides...25 Section 3-0 Navigation General Piloting Using your GPS Basic navigation concepts Reading paper charts Piloting by profiles Interpreting elevation contours Interpreting depth contours Limits of visibility Correcting and uncorrecting compass readings Correcting a compass reading Lines of position LOPs from ranges LOPs by hand bearing compass Fixes Close aboard a charted aid Intersection of two ranges Intersection of two LOPs derived from bearings Electronic positioning Reporting a position Electronic navigation Devices...45 Section 4-0 Conning General Local water hazards Large bodies of water Abnormal weather conditions Whitewater areas Dams...48 iv

3 4-2.5 Cold water conditions Currents Tides and seiches Planning and navigating under way Planning...49 Section 5-0 Introduction to plotting General Area of uncertainty Time Definitions An example Speed Track Course Course line Heading Dead reckoning position DR plot Course made good Speed made good Time, speed, and distance Rounding...62 Section 6-0 Plotting and labelling General Instruments Plotting Labelling Course line LOPs DR positions Fixes Standards of accuracy for chartwork Planning a cruise Establishing a point of departure Establishing a destination Plotting and labelling the course and the course line Finding the expected duration Determining the compass Selecting aids to navigation and landmarks Plotting DR positions Summary of labelling conventions and standards of accuracy...71 v

4 Table of Contents Section 7-0 Working with paper charts This practice cruise is on Training Chart IC/CA Answers Cruise Cruise Cruise...82 Section 8-0 Digital charting and chartplotting General Digital Charts Digital Charting Installing your software Navigating the Screen Locating a Latitude/Longitude Finding Bearing and Distance to a Location Determining the Coordinates of an Object Create a Route A Digital Chart exercise...97 Section 9-0 Anchors and anchoring General The holding power of an anchor The weight The anchor rode The design of the anchor Angle of attack Type of bottom Selecting anchors Stowage Care of anchors and rode Selecting an anchorage Anchoring Standard anchoring technique Courtesy Weighing anchor Section 10 Lines and ropes General Rope fibres Three-strand rope Braided line Properties of different types of synthetic rope Other characteristics Nylon vi

5 Polyester Polypropylene Care and use of lines Finishing the ends of lines Section 11 Electrical hazards General Storage yards and docks Onboard wiring Section 12 Towing General Before beginning to tow, the following steps should be taken: During the tow When entering restricted waters or getting near a dock: Section 13 Environmental responsibilities General Characteristics of boats Optional equipment Pollution control Preparing to launch The hull Batteries Engine cooling Lubrication Skipper s responsibilities before setting out Skipper s responsibilities when under way Controlling pollution Emergencies Sanitation equipment Holding tanks Portable self-contained toilet Shoreline Shore protection Control of foreign aquatic species Anchors and anchoring Trailering Winter lay-up Section 14 Checklist for lay-up and a Pre-launch checklist Checklist for lay-up While the boat is still in the water After lift-out vii