Idaho Canola Opportunity. Processing Canola PROCESSING CANOLA. for OIL EXTRACTION. Robert L. Stroup Managing Partner R. L. STROUP CO. LTD.

Transcription

1 Idaho Canola Opportunity Processing Canola Robert L. Stroup Managing Partner Troy, Ohio PROCESSING CANOLA for OIL EXTRACTION 1

2 Gdansk, Poland Main Processing Steps Receiving Storage Seed Preparation Flaking Cooking & Drying Pressing Oil & Meal Processing DeGumming or Refining 2

3 Chart 5 - Process Flow--Mechanical Extraction of Canola RECEIVING 12% H2O CLEANING 1.0% Trash STORAGE DRYING & TEMPERING 8.0% H2O CLEANING & WEIGHING CONDITIONING 160 F FLAKING to 230 F COOKING to 2.5% H2O 8%-9% R.O. PRESSING Foots CAKE CONVEYING CAKE COOLING OIL COLLECTION OIL SETTLING TANK CAKE GRINDING add H2O to 12% OIL FILTER MEAL STORAGE 8-9% R.O.B27 DEGUMMING BAGGING BULK DEGUM'D OIL GUMS LOAD OUT TO MEAL REFINING Canola Processing Layout Receiving Operation Transfer Conveying Weighing Cleaning Drying 3

4 Receiving and Cleaning Removal of trash enhances air low Removal of abrasive sand reduces wear Removal of pods, straw, hulls helps prevent dryer fires Provides confirmation of Sampling at Receiving if Check Weigher is used Canola Cleaning Rotary Drum Cleaner Recommended Low Dynamic Load Screen De-Binding Recommended Include Aspirator 4

5 Rotary Drum Cleaner The Rotary Drum works well on small, round seeds because of their natural tendency to roll on the surface of the screen and then hit the holes smoothly without being forced 5

6 Weighing Truck Scale Important Make sure it is long enough! Check--Weigher for trash should be considered. Establish standards for moisture, foreign material, broken seeds, etc. Drying Seeds received at 10% or less do not have to be dried after receiving and before storage. Seeds received >10% to 12% moisture should be dried for storage Many Corn Dryers cannot dry canola because of the small seed size. Drying Include wet reserve section Two Drying Zones are important w/buffer Two separate temperature settings Recycle 55 to 60% of total Air Flow Specify small perforation dryer screens Include Cooling Zone Maximum 160 deg. F plenum temp to Cooler Section 6

7 Process Drying Receive at 9% to 13% moisture Dry in two-stage Dryer to 8% moisture All Canola Seeds are not Created Equal Tempering after Dryer from 24 to 48 hours may be required if being processed immediately CANOLA DRYER CANOLA DRYER 7

8 Storage Temperature Sensors a must. Canola Seed size induces high air resistance in silo aeration system Minimum aeration -- 1/10 cfm/bushel* 49 feet level height in silo would produce 15 to 16 in. W.C. air resistance* Perforated Silo Bottom Recommended Max Perforations for Canola * *Paul Oberbrockling, Chief Industries Storage Aeration 105 ft. Diameter X 49 ft high Silo holds approximately 365,700 bushels At 1/10 cfm/bu, requires 37,000 cfm 16 in. W.C. static pressure* cfm and 20 in. Static pressure would require about 30 BHP* Fans should be equipped with 40 HP and direct driven SF recommended * Paul Oberbrockling, Chief Industries Typical Storage Aeration 8

9 Seed Preparation Canola and 00 Rapeseed are very similar. Glucosinolates occur in Canola High levels can be toxic to animals Hydrolysis of Glucosinolates forms substances such as nitriles. Important to keep moisture below 10% during processing. Seed Conditioning Important to heat canola seeds to 150 deg. F (65 C) before Flaking. Seeds can be dried from 10% to 8% in Pre-Conditioner. Pre-heating prevents seed shattering into fines especially in cold climates. Fines in the seed will result in excessive fines or foots in the oil discharged from the Screw Press. Pre-Conditioner 9

10 Flaking Flaking is essential to expose an optimum surface area before pressing Flaking does not rupture oil cells Flakers typically use 24 to 32 diameter by 52 to 64 long rolls Flakes to thick are produced Good flakes minimize fines in the oil. Flaking Mill Cooker-Dryer Dry flakes to 2.5% to 3.0% moisture Heat flakes to 230 deg. F (110 C) One Cooker-Dryer can serve 2 or 3 Presses Deliver heated flakes immediately to Presses in insulated conveyors. 10

11 Foundation for Third Screw Press Main Drive Cooker/Dryer Vapor Stack Cooker/Dryer 11

12 Cast Iron Doors on Cooker-Dryer Conveyors to Presses French Screw Press 9-Section 250 HP to 600 HP 12

13 Dupps Screw Press Shaft Arrangement-- Screw Press 13

14 Screen Bar Spacing Cage Arrangement French Press Oil Collection Hopper 14

15 Foots Settling Tank Foots Settling Tank Foots Settling Tank 15

16 Vertical Pressure Leaf Filter Vertical Pressure Leaf Filter Use two Filters and automate Normally coated with Diatomaceous Earth (DE) to remove solids to <1.0 microns Similar Filters are used in Beet Sugar Industry Decanters may be used for this operation, but they are normally more expensive and use more energy. Vertical Pressure Leaf Filter 16

17 Two-Level Pressing Operation Horizontal Filter Press Oil Processing After filtering the oil requires degumming For oil that will be refined for salad or cooking oil, water degumming can be used to bring phosphorus levels to < 250 ppm For oil that is to be used for Biodiesel Feedstock, Acid Degumming should be used to bring phosphorus to <25 ppm. Gums can be returned to the meal. 17

18 Oil Processing After filtering the oil requires degumming For oil that will be refined for salad or cooking oil, water degumming can be used to bring phosphorus levels to < 250 ppm For oil that is to be used for Biodiesel Feedstock, Acid Degumming should be used to bring phosphorus to <25 ppm. Gums can be returned to the meal. Meal Processing Cake from Press will >2.5% moisture Cool cake in Cake Cooler Adjust cake moisture to 10% Add gums from DeGumming Mix Cake, Moisture and Gums in a Twin Shaft Paddle Mixer Grind cake to uniform size to form meal and to blend gums and moisture Meal Grinder 18

19 Meal Grinder Meal Storage A properly designed canola process should produce meal with 8% residual oil Meal with an oil content of 8% at 10% moisture does not discharge well from storage silos. Inter-mediate Bunker Storage is recommended For sort term storage prior to bagging or bulk loadout, 8 x8 bins with hoppers that have three straight sides and one 70 deg side with twin screw live bottom is recommended Bunker Storage 19

20 Condition Intact Coarse Coarse Coarse Coarse Fine Coarse Fine Coarse Fine Fine In Situ Transesterification of 5 g B. napus (44.6% oil d.w.b.; 0% moisture) [NaOH] NaOH Liq. Temp. Time Ester (N) (mmol) (ml) (C) (hr) (% theoret.) , + FFA

21 The fact that fat oils from vegetable sources can be used may seem insignificant to-day, but such oils may perhaps become i course of time of the same importance as some natural miner oils and the tar products are now. In any, they make it cert that motor-power can still be produced from the heat of the su which is always available for agriculture purposes, even when our natural stores of solid and liquid fuels are exhausted. R. Diesel, The Diesel CE- Engine, Engineering 23: (1912). Chem Abstr. 6:1904 (1912). 20

22

23

24

25

26

27

28