AUTONOOM VERVOER. Ter land, lucht en ter zee WELKOM

Transcription

1 AUTONOOM VERVOER Ter land, lucht en ter zee WELKOM

2 Autonoom vervoer definitie?

3 Autonoom vervoer verantwoordelijkheid?

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5 Autonoom vervoer verantwoordelijkheid? Aan boord bestuurd; obv externe info en deels aut. Op afstand bestuurd, direct en/of indirect door mens en aut. Automatisch direct of indirect ter plaatse of op afstand (tact). Autonoom direct of indirect ter plaatse of op afstand (strategisch)

6 Positionering Strategisch - tactisch AGV s auv s drones Loa platooning civil aviat. car traffic portop s oceanop s Onbemand Level of automation Bemand operationeel

7 Onderwerpen State of the art & roadmapping De samenstelling van het wereldbeeld (Situational Awareness) Methodologie voor /lees rol van simulaties in Proof of concept Vaststelling Veiligheid Validering & Certificering. van cooperatieve autonome systemen

8 Doel van dit project - synergie/cross-overs voor de verschillende modaliteiten op gebied van simulaties, certificerings methoden, human factors & wereldbeeld. - verder brengen en integreren van kritieke technologieen - structureren van het implementatie en certificeringsproces - het identificeren van mogelijkheden voor vervolgprojecten in de diverse modaliteiten, met deelname van andere partijen (PPS-en).

9 Hoe? Identificatie potentiele cross-overs en synergieeen (6-tal workshops) Seminar Autonoom transport met betrokkenen uit het veld, aanbieders zowel als gebruikers op 6 februari bij TNO Helmond Definitie en uitvoering gezamenlijke sub-projecten. Zie ook vv. Website

10 Presentatie Op land Johan van der Kamp, Sr. Proj. Manager TNO Integral Vehicle Saf. Ter zee In de lucht Yvonne Koldenhof, Sr. Project Manager, Teamleider MARIN Henk van Dijk, Sr. R&D Manager, NLR Overall thema Johan de Jong, MARIN

11 TO2 dag Slim, groen, geïntegreerd vervoer AUTOMATED DRIVING Road worthiness testing (design, validation, certification)

12 Key challenges * to deploy Automated Driving [1] Decision and control algorithms (longitudinal & lateral control) [2] Situational Awareness (Simulation) [3] Connectivity (V2X: link to cooperative driving) [4] Human factors (transition of control, HMI) [5] Road worthiness testing (design, validation, certification) [6] Legal (framework, on EU level vs. national) [7] Deployment paths (BC, acceptance) [8] Cybersecurity (incl. privacy) * The listed challenges are generally accepted by the EU supported I-Mobility Working Group on Automation

13 What is 2-Truck Platooning? 2-Truck Platooning as a novel logistic concept in road transportation Automated two-truck platoon concept will enable unmanned * driving and enhance fuel efficiency within real-world emission constraints at high degree of flexibility and scalability

14 Example Safety Use Case 2 Truck Platooning - Vehicle following at 0.3s in normal traffic situations - Heavy braking while vehicle following at 0.3s This use case is relevant for one of the following errors/faults occurs: 1. Communication (wifi) not functional 2. GPS not functional 3. Radar not functional 4. Camera not functional

15 Collaboration Safety / Certification Gain knowledge and insight in the safety aspects of automated driving systems, using experience from aerospace domain Share and apply concepts, methods and principles to address common challenges Workshops and expert meetings between the different domains in the fields of Safety Certification Learn from each other domain

16 Example Aerospace Domain SAE ARP4761 Reliability theory Focus on system component breakdown Probabilistic failures Fault historical data Chain of events

17 Certification / Example Aerospace Domain STPA: from a history lesson to a systems engineering approach STPA Top-down systems engineering Focus on Control and Process of entire system Adaptation to changes in complex systems This includes: Control & Operation Interaction with environment (whole system) Human operation Software It extends the classic model Why for autonomous vehicles? Focus on the interaction with the environment Level of control: autonomy vs. human operation The increasing complexity of systems

18 Challenges Short Term Complexity of each domain is different Road domain is cost driven and high quality and complex due to many interfaces of several suppliers. Solutions of aerospace domain may not be applicable due to e.g. cost requirements How to apply best practices of one domain to another domain? Situational awareness road domain city is very complex SMART Process for certification of automated driving systems Long Term EU /International Certification of automated driving systems

19 Thank you for your Attention Questions?

20 Pitch How to apply best practices of one domain to another domain? Situational awareness road domain city is very complex SMART Process for certification of automated driving systems EU /International Certification of automated driving systems

21 TO2 dag Slim, groen, geïntegreerd vervoer SIMULATION AND SAFETY SIMULATION TECHNICS

22 Simulation Introduction Simulation: is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system over time. Why simulate? Asses real-world situations without dealing with the real consequences Assess different scenarios regarding safety and efficiency

23 Simulation Different levels of simulation Different levels: Strategically level High level questions. Are the traffic routes at the right (safety & efficiency) position? Tactical level How to solve a certain encounter situation? Operation level Basic question regarding the steering of the vehicle. How many degrees rudder should I give?

24 Simulation roadmap As part of the roadmap for autonomous transport (sailing) an roadmap for the use of simulation (within shipping) will be drawn up. Content: Level of simulation: Strategically, tactically or operational Technical simulation techniques and use of the simulation models (existing and required at the different domains) What can we learn from air, road and sea? What are the differences and similarities?

25 Simulation objective within project Simulate an autonomous sailing/../.. through an (existing) traffic image with an assessment of the risk Working areas: Simulating techniques extending existing operational simulation tool with auto-captain and multi-ship simulation Decision (support) models more advanced auto-captain models Risk index individual risk value for each ship based on the actual traffic situation

26 Simulation Cooperation what? Simulating techniques Exchange knowledge related to simulation techniques. Decision (support) models for all domains decision (support) models exist. Can they also be applied in an other domain? Camera 24 GHz radar 77 GHz radar (near) 77 GHz radar (far) 77 GHz radar Laser scanner Centre line sensor

27 Simulation Cooperation how? 1st Workshop NLR & MARIN: exchange knowledge regarding existing (risk)models and Simulation tools visit flight simulator & demo traffic managers NLR 2 nd Workshop with TNO, NLR & MARIN: Purpose: Based on concrete real questions from each institute come to more concrete cooperation/projects regarding simulation and safety assessment Also cooperation with NLDA regarding decision support tools

28 TO2 dag Slim, groen, geïntegreerd vervoer TRANSITIEGEDRAG VEILIGHEID VAN AUTONOME SYSTEMEN

29 Transition of control Introduction Progress enables the creation of more automated and intelligent machines with increasing abilities that open up new roles between humans and machines Only with a proper design for the resulting cooperative human machine systems, these advances will make our lives easier, safer and enjoyable rather than harder and miserable How do we balance between exploiting increasingly powerful technologies and retaining authority for the human? How can we define clear and safe roles between humans and automated machines? Can authority, responsibility and control be traded dynamically between human and automation?

30 Transition of control Human factors issues Low vigilance Automation surprise Mode confusion Boredom Distrust Skill decay Automation bias

31 Transition of control Different transitions Controlled transition manual -> automated Controlled transition automated -> manual Uncontrolled transition manual -> automated Uncontrolled transition automated -> manual Adaptable automation where the human allocates the tasks Adaptive automation where the automated system flexibly allocates tasks between human and machine Ignore the date and you might think this cover story on Automated Cockpits was written yesterday

32 Transition of control Experimentation Generic experiment on transition of control Non-specific domain approach NLR, TNO & MARIN involved Brainstorms, workshops, participation of community in experiment Dynamic game environment: Generic vehicle Speed changes Lanes & curves Other traffic System with cues and/or information: Upcoming speed changes and/or relevant instructions Upcoming lanes & curves and/or relevant instructions Identification of approach other vehicles and/or separation distance

33 Transition of control Challenges Short term: Research on human behavior and performance during uncontrolled transition of automated/autonomous to manual Translate this research into design philosophy (and requirements) for human machine interface of future, domain specific vehicles Long term: Use human factors insights from different domains to increase safety in autonomous transport Develop procedures and systems that match human capabilities & limitations