Delayed farrowings. Wean required number per week (100) Litter sizes Number stillborn. Good FCE Good ADG
|
|
- Oscar Franklin
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Delayed farrowings Wean required number per week (100) Number of sows farrowing Litter sizes Number stillborn Pre-weaning mortality Grow pigs well Good FCE Good ADG Low mortality
2 Delayed farrowings Efficient/proficient mating Good dry sow management 25 pigs/br. sow/yr 208 breeding sows Wean required number per week (100) Required number of sows farrow Good litter sizes Low stillborns Low pre-weaning mortality Grow pigs well Good FCE Good ADG Low mortality
3 Delayed farrowings Inefficient/sub-optimal mating Poor dry sow management 17 pigs/br. sow/yr 305 breeding sows Wean required number per week (100) Required number of sows farrow Poor litter sizes High stillborns High pre-weaning mortality Grow pigs well Good FCE Good ADG Low mortality
4 Delayed farrowings Good effective mating and dry sow management Good practices, facilities and management in the farrowing rooms Well fed, well housed, healthy growers
5 Stillborns Delayed farrowings Fewer born alive per litter Fewer pigs weaned per litter Fewer pigs sold per year Uterine discharges Longer weaning to service interval Decreased fertility (more repeats) Decreased subsequent litter size (gilts) Increased replacement costs Fewer litters per sow per year Fewer litters weaned per week Fewer pigs sold per year
6 What are stillborns? Time taken between detachment of the placenta and delivery of the piglet is too long for the particular piglet concerned (dead when it hits the ground) Depends on: Where piglet is in uterus The rate at which the sow pushes the piglet out The number of obstacles in its path Viability of the piglet Size and presentation of piglet As many as 70% of stillborns are thought to be dying (not dead) when delivered = some could be saved?
7 Some stillborns are inevitable! Some foetuses are at the anterior tips of the uterine horns The delivery of some piglets will be slowed may have to be pushed past other piglets Some piglets are less viable than others Sows vary in the rate at which they deliver piglets strong association with age Impossible to have no stillborns However, it is also possible to have far too many if farrowings are unduly delayed Big increase in stillborns where farrowing takes over 4 hr >80% of stillborns are delivered in the last third of the litter
8 Causes of delayed farrowing Old sows Season/room temperature ( C) Nutrient deficiencies and excesses Ca, Vit E, Se, Zn Poor feeding in late, late gestation Stress/welfare/housing/nest building/exercise/ Dystocia Constipation Fat sows Large piglet, two piglets at once etc Uterine inertia (primary and secondary) Mismanagement of farrowings e.g. inappropriate use of induction and oxytocin Uterine inertia (primary and secondary)
9 Some delays are normal Some sows are old Some piglets will get stuck Question is - What is normal? Normally 10-15% of farrowings are delayed (>5 hours all up) Normally about 5-7% of piglets are expected to be stillborn Normally only about 5% should require assistance (some studies report an incidence less than 1%) But what if 30+% of farrowings are delayed 14% of piglets are stillborn 80% are due to dystocia? Need to address causes Are sows constipated? fat? lazy? How is farrowing managed?
10 Causes of dystocia normal?! Other Large piglet Kink in uterus Uterine inertia Two piglets Obstruction Breach piglets
11 But what if there is more 1 0 inertia? Kink in uterus Large piglet Other Two piglets Obstruction Breach piglets Uterine inertia
12 Or lots of piglets are getting stuck? Other Large piglet Kink in uterus Uterine inertia Two piglets Breach piglets Obstruction
13 If piglets are getting stuck, need to ask Are sows constipated? Are sows too fat? Are piglets too big? Yes No Yes No Yes No Feed more bran Feed less during pregnancy Increase supervision
14 If sows are not pushing, need to ask Are piglets getting stuck? Secondary inertia sow exhausted Yes Is supervision adequate and manual intervention timely enough What are the causes? Are sows lazy? Yes Are sows getting too hot? Primary inertia Are sows ill? Is nutrition adequate e.g. Ca? Is the problem man-made? panic in the farrowing room Hormonal, nutritional, environmental?
15 What to do if piglets are getting stuck Address the causes Manually assist sow 1. Must be clean 2. Must cause as little damage as possible However Manual intervention will always introduce bacteria into the vagina/uterus only question is how many Manual intervention often causes damage to vagina/cervix which may result in oedema and difficulty delivering rest of litter or scarring that causes dystocia next time round E.g. 35% of gilts and 13% of mature sows that were assisted were injured, 3% so severely they had to be destroyed. 16% got so freaked out they either were destroyed or died before farrowing was complete Adequate supervision allows you to Assess the sow - has she been pushing? To intervene in time
16
17 What to do with primary inertia Must decide if its primary or secondary inertia (lazy sow or sow exhausted from pushing) Adequate supervision history known Manual intervention Enables you to remove piglets if they are there (twisted horn an exception) Often sparks the lazy sow back into action Increases the risk of infection State of sow bloodshot eyes, agitated, discomfort Normal lazy sows (<5% of farrowings) Chemical intervention e.g. oxytocin is appropriate Make the sow stand, walk quietly around room Abnormal lazy sows (>5% of farrowings) Again chemical intervention e.g. oxytocin is appropriate HOWEVER, must also address the causes which may include HOWEVER, must also address the causes which may include inappropriate use of oxytocin
18
19 Comes in two strengths 1 Oxytocin = 10 IU/ml 2 Butocin = 20 IU/ml Oxytocin is a hormone that is naturally produced in the sow and has important functions in the healthy animal Hormones are usually released in very small amounts and so to stimulate normal functional responses, we should only give a little bit Important functions include 1 uterine contractions 2 milk let-down
20 1. To further compact the period over which induced sows farrow 2. To induce uterine contractions when the uterus fails to contract during farrowing 3. To ensure that sows clean after a manual delivery 4. To initiate milk let down for the treatment of lactational insufficiency (MMA) 5. To stimulate let down in healthy sows to assist with milking to collect colostrum 6. To stimulate uterine contractions at the time of insemination to assist in moving semen up toward ovaries In all instances are augmenting natural oxytocin release.
21 For some uses if a large dose is given, it disrupts normal function and is counterproductive e.g. to induce uterine contractions when the uterus fails to contract during farrowing If a large dose is given (>10IU) 1. numb the uterus (make it refractory) to the effects of further oxytocin, including sows own oxytocin for several hours 2. cause strong asynchronous uterine contractions which can be both painful and unproductive 3. cause the uterus to spasm for up to 15 minutes 4. inhibit the let down of milk once farrowing is complete An appropriate dose for this use is ml of oxytocin ml of Butocin
22 First must decide if giving oxytocin is appropriate Not appropriate if sow is pushing without success or has stopped because she is exhausted from trying In either case, it is likely that something is wrong e.g a piglet is stuck. You should check the sow Has the sow been pushing? (check Check her theeyes, sows eyes? history) NO Administer ½-1 ml oxytocin Wait 30 minutes Give more oxytocin (½-1 ml) Farrowing progresses Wait 30 minutes Yes Do a manual examination Deliver piglets Something else must be wrong check sow, give calcium etc
23 1. Compacting induction = 1 ml Oxytocin, 0.5 ml Butocin NB higher doses reduce time but increase dystocia 2. Stimulating contractions during farrowing = ml Oxytocin, 0.5 ml Butocin 3. To clean sows at the end of farrowing = 1 ml Oxytocin, 0.5 ml Butocin 4. As part of treatment for MMA = 2-3 ml Oxytocin, ml Butocin 5. To assist with hand milking = 2-3 ml Oxytocin, ml Butocin 6. When adding to semen = 1 ml Oxytocin, 0.5 ml Butocin
24 Uterine discharge Discharges from the vulva can originate from The vagina The uterus The bladder Can distinguish between these by Volume of discharge Character of discharge Timing of discharge Association with urination Association with oestrous cycle
25 Uterine discharge The uterus is usually a sterile environment although bacteria are usually (always) present in the vagina The cervix separates the uterus from the vagina and is a long effective structure in the sow Bacteria can move from the vagina to the uterus when the cervix is open Similarly, pus (discharge) can easily drain from the uterus when the cervix is open The cervix is open when The sow is in heat The sow farrows Bugs, therefore, (always) enter at these times The only question is which and how many!
26 Bacteria involved Any bacteria that are present in the envirnment around the sow may enter the vagina and be transferred into the uterus e.g. all of those in pig faeces The most common of these is E. coli, and thus unsurprisingly it is the bacteria most commonly associated with both bladder and uterus infections However, many infections are mixed, reflecting the non- specific mode of entry of bacteria into the uterus Staphyloccus Proteus Klebsiella Erysipelas
27 Risks for infection The number of bacteria entering the uterus will depend on 1. The integrity of the cervix Age 2. How many bacteria are contaminating the vagina Environmental hygiene, faecal build up behind sows 3. How long the cervix is open for and how open it is Age Delayed farrowings! 4. Specific factors that can transfer bugs from the vagina to the uterus or from the external environment to the uterus The boar The AI pipette Assistance at farrowing
28
29 Uterine infection Uterine infection discharging Uterine infection discharging pus when cervix opens as next heat approaches
30
31
32 Some discharges are normal Discharge in the last couple of weeks of pregnancy Arises from cellular changes in the vagina leading up to farrowing First few days after farrowing Some bugs always enter the uterus at farrowing. There is a period during which these bugs and any remaining bits of placenta are removed Small amounts of discharge are also normal at the time of heat However where the discharge Continues for more than 4-6 days and Is copious (e.g. more than 50ml per day) and Smells bad Comes back 10+ days after mating THIS IS NOT NORMAL
33 What can you do Must address delayed farrowing problem if have one Cervix widely dilated for >5 hours Excessive amount of manual intervention required Keep area behind sows as clean as possible until farrowed Increase supervision to minimise need to enter sows unnecessarily Induction Be as sterile as possible when entering sow Clean away crap from behind sow Wash fanny with water containing disinfectant Keep glove clean until enter sow Use a new glove every time enter sow Use loads of lube and minimise traumaoften a large amount of discharge > 100ml Treat sows???
34 One discharging, next to useless, dubious at very best although common e.g. topdressing with TM200 NB very widespread resistance to this drug amongst E. coli on pig farms in NZ Should treat all sows (e.g. penicllin and oxytocin) that require manual assistance (pessaries?) Increase lactation length Best to chop affected sows especially if affecting fertility Otherwise, leave to go through another cycle Do not mate discharging sow with a communal boar Avoid mix-mating Good AI techniques Flushing sows is generally considered impractical due to the length of their cervix
35
36 40% of sows have 100% of the stillborns So, always check sows records from previous litters and beware the sow that produces stillborns
37 Used on farms for Drinking water Effluent/Hosing out Flushing Drinking water is used for normal ingestion and digestion of food maintenance of cell and blood volume removal of body wastes (urine/faeces) temperature regulation
38 When pigs either don t or are unable to drink enough, something gives Growth Milk production Health How serious are these effects? IT DEPENDS - death to small decrease in ADG
39 Should have water available to them from birth Why? May not be on a good teat Sow may be milking poorly Piglets may have scours Piglets need to learn to drink Water sources Nipples - little guys must learn to use these Dishes Bowls } best for little guys
40 Water is absolutely essential Most fed on dry feed (<15% water) Without it they die Determines how much food they eat Determines how much they grow Most go short of water at weaning They are often not used to drinking a lot They have to find the drinkers They may even have to learn how to use them Must do everything you can to encourage drinking at this time Put out extra bowls with open water surface Allow nipple drinkers to flow continuously Make sure there are enough drinkers = 1:10 Flow rate adequate = >500 ml/min Drinkers are the right height = cm Despite these efforts, most pigs become partially dehydrated at weaning
41 Water intake affects voluntary feed intake Water intake affects urine production Water intake affects milk production Sow producing 10 L of milk a day requires minimum of 10 L for the milk water for metabolism/digestion of food water for clearing wastes water to keep cool Average consumption = 17 L for lactating sows 11 L for dry sows
42 Not all drinkers deliver the same amount of water Drinkers may become blocked e.g. while some drinkers may deliver 2L/min, adjacent ones may deliver 0.2L/min MUST CHECK DRINKERS REGULARLY Recommended that every drinker on farm is checked/serviced every 3 months Fixing drinkers should be part of all staff s training Check drinkers when Locking up sows? Setting up weaner decks? Cleaning grower pens? Sow is off-feed? Piglets hungry? Growers off-feed? Growth rates dropped?
43 Average daily water consumption and recommended flow rates Stock class Litres Minimum flow rate from nipple drinker Lactating sows 17 1 L/min Dry sows 11 1 L/min Finishers ml/min Growers ml/min Weaners ~12 kg ml/min
44 Temperature Amount of salt in the diet Presentation The amount and composition of the diet eaten Housing Quality of the water Total dissolved solids Calcium Sulphates Magnesium Coliforms PH Hardness 7 Health 3,000 ppm 1,000 ppm 1,000 ppm 400 ppm 10,000/litre ppm
The evaluation of Stalosan F in farrowing accommodation 07B010C
The evaluation of Stalosan F in farrowing accommodation 07B010C A report on a research project conducted by QAF Meat Industries Pty Ltd Rebecca Morrison 10 December 2007 Page 1 Summary Stalosan F is a
More informationTEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS FOR PIGS
TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS FOR PIGS DEFINITIONS OF AMBIENT TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS FOR PIGS: A REVIEW Mark L. Lorschy SUMMARY Pigs, like all animals, have an ability to live in a variety of thermal environments.
More informationSWINE QUIZ BOWL QUESTIONS
SWINE QUIZ BOWL QUESTIONS Swine 1 Questions 1. Name this black bodied pig that has six white points, including their nose, tail and feet. They have erect ears and dished snouts. a. Berkshire 2. Name this
More informationA diet fit for a pig: seven basic rules
A diet fit for a pig: seven basic rules June 2013 Primefact 1292 1 st edition Jayce Morgan, Livestock Officer Pigs, Tamworth NSW Introduction When a pig is fed a proper diet there are benefits to the pig
More informationHow Pigs are. Raised
How Pigs are Raised This little piggy went to market. Pig farmers care for their animals 365 days a year. Farmers know that responsible and humane care is important to the well-being of pigs. They know
More informationBOER GOAT EMBRYO TRANSFER
BOER GOAT EMBRYO TRANSFER Good management No shortcuts PLAN AHEAD AVOID STRESS Some examples of how stress is induced are: Mixing groups or individual animals together that have not previously been together.
More informationEVERY LIVING THING has a number of
Anatomy and Physiology of Animal Reproductive Systems EVERY LIVING THING has a number of organ systems operating to perform specific functions. If you were to examine one of these systems, you would observe
More informationIntroduction. Introduction Nutritional Requirements. Six Major Classes of Nutrients. Water 12/1/2011. Regional Hay School -- Bolivar, MO 1
Cattle and Horse Nutrition Dona Goede Livestock Specialist Introduction Many health, reproductive and production problems can be prevented with good nutrition. Poor nutrition results in: Poor conception
More informationArtificial Insemination in Cattle
Artificial Insemination in Cattle Introduction This slide show is designed to introduce students to artificial insemination in cattle. However, it is only a brief overview and further training is necessary
More informationFran Fr k Aherne Alberta Pig Company Canada
Frank Aherne Alberta Pig Company Canada Maximize milk production to ensure maximum litter growth rate. Limit sow weight loss to ensure optimum postweaning reproductive performance. Keep feed wastage and
More informationSwine Health. Beth Ferry MSU Extension Pork Educator
Swine Health Beth Ferry MSU Extension Pork Educator What Affects Pig Health? Resources Environment Nutrition Management Animal Care What is your job? Good Observation Key to managing health, production
More informationPIG WELFARE REQUIREMENTS. On Farm and In Transit
PIG WELFARE REQUIREMENTS On Farm and In Transit European Communities (Welfare of Calves and Pigs) Regulations, 2003. (S.I. No. 48 of 2003). European Communities (Protection of Animals kept for Farming
More informationEGG FORMATION AND EGGSHELL QUALITY IN LAYERS
EGG FORMATION AND EGGSHELL QUALITY IN LAYERS Amy Halls, Monogastric Nutritionist Shur-Gain, Nutreco Canada Inc. 01/05 1 EGG FORMATION AND EGGSHELL QUALITY IN LAYERS Amy Halls, Monogastric Nutritionist
More informationTotal Vaginal Hysterectomy
What is a total vaginal hysterectomy? Is the removal of the uterus and cervix through the vagina. Removal of the ovaries and tubes depends on the patient. Why is this surgery used? To treat disease of
More informationTotal Abdominal Hysterectomy
What is a total abdominal hysterectomy? Is the removal of the uterus and cervix through an abdominal incision (either an up and down or bikini cut). Removal of the ovaries and tubes depends on the patient.
More informationManaging Heat Stress in Poultry
Managing Heat Stress in Poultry Amy E. Halls, Monogastric Nutritionist Shur-Gain, Nutreco Canada Inc. Heat stress has several serious and economical effects on poultry. In broilers and turkeys, it can
More informationSow and Gilt Management Manual. 2013 PIC All Rights Reserved.
2013 PIC All Rights Reserved. Sow and Gilt Management Manual Never Stop Improving Introduction Living up to our motto of Never Stop Improving, we are pleased to present the 2013 edition of the PIC Sow
More informationWhy is prematurity a concern?
Prematurity What is prematurity? A baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is considered premature. Approximately 12% of all babies are born prematurely. Terms that refer to premature babies are preterm
More informationCaring for your baby in the NICU: feeding
C1 At birth, all newborns need a great deal of energy and nutrients from food to help their bodies grow, and to adjust to life outside the womb. Babies who are born early (premature) and/or with a very
More informationSponsors. w. Christopher Scruton Stephen Claas. Editors. Layout David Brown
Sponsors University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine College of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences Extension Service Swine Center Editors w. Christopher Scruton Stephen Claas Layout
More informationMINISTRY OF LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT SMALLHOLDER DAIRY COMMERCIALIZATION PROGRAMME. Artificial Insemination (AI) Service
MINISTRY OF LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT SMALLHOLDER DAIRY COMMERCIALIZATION PROGRAMME Artificial Insemination (AI) Service 1 1.0 Introduction The fertility of a dairy cattle is very important for a dairy farmer
More informationA STUDY OF FACTORS INFLUENCING PRODUCTIVITY, AND ECONOMICS OF INTERVENTIONS IN SMALLHOLDER PIG FARMS IN KIKUYU DIVISION, KIAMBU
( \ A STUDY OF FACTORS INFLUENCING PIG HEALTH, PRODUCTIVITY, AND ECONOMICS OF INTERVENTIONS IN SMALLHOLDER PIG FARMS IN KIKUYU DIVISION, KIAMBU DISTRICT, KENYA JAMES KIHANG'A WABACHA I' BVM (University
More informationLeaving Certificate Higher Level Sheep Production Questions
Leaving Certificate Higher Level Sheep Production Questions 2010 5. (a) Discuss the role of the following in sheep production: (i) a raddling harness (ii) footrot 8. (a) In the context of fat lamb production,
More informationReproduction achieve the best. Veterinarian Anja Kibsgaard Olesen Ø vet
Reproduction achieve the best Veterinarian Anja Kibsgaard Olesen Ø vet 2 reasons for preagnancy failure Failure to establish pregnancy Failure of an established pregnancy Interaction between several factors
More informationSelecting for Robustness in Pigs
Selecting for Robustness in Pigs Pramod Mathur, Saskia Bloemhof, Hamed Rashidi, Egbert Knol NSIF: Nov 2012 Why robustness? Globalization of pork production Global warming Easier spread of diseases and
More informationFeline Cystitis (Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease)
Feline Cystitis (Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease) The term "cystitis" literally means inflammation of the urinary bladder. Although this term is rather general, there is a common form of cystitis that
More informationThis Little Piggy Math in the Pig Barn
Area This Little Piggy Math in the Pig Barn Math Background Math is very important in agriculture when determining weights of animals. It is neded for marketing; administration of vacines, determining
More informationColostral Management: Enhancing Dairy Calf Health Franklyn B Garry, DVM, ILM
Colostral Management: Enhancing Dairy Calf Health Franklyn B Garry, DVM, ILM For our Colorado Dairy News readership, focusing a Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) protocol on colostral management seemed
More informationBackground (cont) World Health Organisation (WHO) and IDF predict that this number will increase to more than 1,3 million in the next 25 years.
Diabetes Overview Background What is diabetes Non-modifiable risk factors Modifiable risk factors Common symptoms of diabetes Early diagnosis and management of diabetes Non-medical management of diabetes
More informationFOOD POISONING. Information Leaflet. Your Health. Our Priority. Infection Prevention Stepping Hill Hospital
FOOD POISONING Information Leaflet Your Health. Our Priority. Page 2 of 5 What is Food Poisoning? Food poisoning is an illness that occurs after eating or drinking anything that is contaminated. Usually
More informationReplacement Policy and Management Michael McHugh Chief Sheep Specialist, Teagasc, Ballyhaise, Co. Cavan
Replacement Policy and Management Michael McHugh Chief Sheep Specialist, Teagasc, Ballyhaise, Co. Cavan On average 20% of the ewe flock is replaced annually.replacement cost is a substantial cost in sheep
More informationArtificial insemination with donor sperm
Artificial insemination with donor sperm Ref. 123 / 2009 Reproductive Medicine Unit Servicio de Medicina de la Reproducción Gran Vía Carlos III 71-75 08028 Barcelona Tel. (+34) 93 227 47 00 Fax. (+34)
More informationdrinking water medication short guide
drinking water medication short guide Dr. Klaas van Aken DVM Optimal use of antibiotics through correct administration 2 This brochure presents a step-by-step approach to responsibly and successfully administering
More information1. About dairy cows. Breed of dairy cows
1. About dairy cows Breed of dairy cows Holstein Holstein is a typical dairy cow, and 99% of dairy cows in Japan are Holsteins. They are originally from the Netherlands and Holstein region of Germany.
More informationDeep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) in pregnancy
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) in pregnancy Information and advice for women and families Maternity What is a deep vein thrombosis (DVT)? A deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot that forms in a deep leg
More informationRAISING LAMBS ON MILK REPLACER
RAISING LAMBS ON MILK REPLACER Yves M. Berger and Richard A. Schlapper Spooner Agricultural Research Station University of Wisconsin-Madison Introduction It is well known that the number of lambs born
More informationOptimizing Broiler Feed Conversion Ratio
Optimizing Broiler Feed Conversion Ratio July 2011 This article has been written specifically for poultry producers in Latin America. However, the recommendations given are expected to be useful and informative
More informationGrowth & Feeding Puppies Karen Hedberg BVSc 2007. Growth
Growth & Feeding Puppies Karen Hedberg BVSc 2007 Size and End Weight : Growth Dogs come in all sizes and shapes and have enormous variation in their final body weights. Dogs generally can be fed a very
More informationFemale Reproductive System. Unit 8 Lesson 2 Continued
Female Reproductive System Unit 8 Lesson 2 Continued Female Reproductive System Female Reproductive System Female produce ovum or egg cells. The egg (ovum) cell is the female sex cell. Female Reproductive
More informationSurgical removal of fibroids through an abdominal incision-either up and down or bikini cut. The uterus and cervix are left in place.
What is an abdominal myomectomy? Surgical removal of fibroids through an abdominal incision-either up and down or bikini cut. The uterus and cervix are left in place. When is this surgery used? Treatment
More informationHow to Prepare Powdered Infant Formula in Care Settings
How to Prepare Powdered Infant Formula in Care Settings This booklet contains new information to help you prepare powdered infant formula for bottle-feeding and cup-feeding as safely as possible. Powdered
More informationBIOSECURITY PROCEDURES IN POULTRY PRODUCTION
1 Annex VII CHAPTER 6.4. BIOSECURITY PROCEDURES IN POULTRY PRODUCTION Article 6.4.1. Introduction This chapter provides recommended biosecurity procedures in poultry production and is not specifically
More informationUnderstanding Animal Reproduction Technology
Lesson 251c Understanding Animal Reproduction Technology Core Area. Animal Science Unit 250. Genetics and Breeding Topic 251. Fertilization California Academic Standard. Science Grades 9 through 12 Biology/Life
More informationPayback News. Beef Cows-The Cheapest Mineral Isn t
November, 2015 Volume 2, Issue 4 CHS Nutrition Payback News In this issue of Payback News: Beef Cows-The Cheapest Mineral Isn t Bull Wintering Tips Inside this issue: Beef Cows-The Cheapest Mineral Isn
More informationManaging your watering system to improve feed conversion
Managing your watering system to improve feed conversion By the Technical Team, Ziggity Systems, Inc., 101 Industrial Parkway East, Middlebury, Indiana 46540, USA Feed conversion rate is one of the more
More informationWhy your weight matters during pregnancy and after birth
Information for you Published in November 2011 (next review date: 2015) Why your weight matters during pregnancy and after birth Most women who are overweight have a straightforward pregnancy and birth
More informationGestational diabetes. Information to help you stay healthy during your pregnancy. What is gestational diabetes?
Gestational diabetes Information to help you stay healthy during your pregnancy What is gestational diabetes? How gestational diabetes can affect my baby How to take care of myself and my baby during pregnancy
More informationTotal Vaginal Hysterectomy with an Anterior and Posterior Repair
Total Vaginal Hysterectomy with an Anterior and Posterior Repair What is a total vaginal hysterectomy with an anterior and posterior repair? Total vaginal hysterectomy is the removal of the uterus and
More informationVesico-Vaginal Fistula
Saint Mary s Hospital The Warrell Unit Vesico-Vaginal Fistula Information For Patients Contents Page What is a vesico-vaginal fistula? 3 How does a fistula develop? 3 What tests will I need? 3 How can
More informationSexual reproduction in humans
Sexual reproduction in humans Name: WHY DO HUMANS NEED TO REPRODUCE? The reason humans reproduce is to have children so that our species can continue to exist. Humans reproduce sexually, which means like
More informationLabor is work, and it is hard work. Labor is an end to pregnancy and a beginning for a new human life in a newly shaped family."
LABOR AND DELIVERY "The way we give birth to our young is that the muscular organ (the uterus) in which the offspring has been nurtured for nine months begins to contract. The contractions work to open
More informationAlthough the flush is the classic menopausal symptom that we ve
24 MENOPAUSE: ANSWERS AT YOUR FINGERTIPS HOW LONG DO SYMPTOMS LAST? The duration of early symptoms is very variable from a few months to many years and the severity varies between individuals. On average,
More informationWork & Pregnancy Do Mix...
Work & Pregnancy Do Mix... www.beststart.org PREGNANT AND WORKING Most women continue to work during their pregnancy, whether they work from home, or travel to a workplace. If you are pregnant or planning
More informationPRODUCERS can choose to use natural
Artificial Insemination PRODUCERS can choose to use natural or artificial means of breeding their animals. Technology has advanced in the last 30 to 40 years to allow animal producers to use means other
More informationIt s time to take control of your breeding program.
17 16 15 18 FSH 14 It s time to take control of your breeding program. 19 PITUITARY ESTROGEN LH FOLLICLE MATURATION REGRESSION 13 20 PRODUCTION AND GROWTH OF THE OF FOLLICULAR PHASE NO Introducing MATRIX
More informationIncreasing Profitability Through an Accelerated Heifer Replacement Program
Increasing Profitability Through an Accelerated Heifer Replacement Program Robert B. Corbett, D.V.M Dairy Health Consultation Accelerating heifer growth has been a very controversial subject in recent
More informationWhat Alcohol Does to the Body. Chapter 25 Lesson 2
What Alcohol Does to the Body Chapter 25 Lesson 2 Short-Term Effects of Drinking The short-term term effects of alcohol on the body depend on several factors including: amount of alcohol consumed, gender,
More informationFood Safety Guidance for Farmers Markets
Food Safety Guidance for Farmers Markets Anyone selling food or drink from a market stall must comply with food hygiene legislation. Foods which are categorised as high risk include cooked meats, fish
More informationPosition Statement on Breastfeeding
ABN 64 005 081 523 RTO 21659 Applies to All ABA staff and volunteers Position statement The Australian Breastfeeding Association (ABA) endorses the following statement from the Joint WHO/ UNICEF Meeting
More informationAbnormal Uterine Bleeding
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding WOMENCARE A Healthy Woman is a Powerful Woman (407) 898-1500 Abnormal uterine bleeding is one of the most common reasons women see their doctors. It can occur at any age and has
More informationA guide to infant formula for parents who are bottle feeding
A guide to infant formula for parents who are bottle feeding Introduction This document is designed to help parents who are not breastfeeding decide which infant formula to use to feed their baby. There
More informationGood Hygiene Practices - presentation by -
Good Hygiene Practices - presentation by - National Environment Agency 9 May 2006 Introduction Outline Personal hygiene Environmental hygiene Food hygiene Hygiene Common elements Personal hygiene Environmental
More informationSpray-dried porcine plasma, a healthy feed ingredient for resilient weaner pigs
Spray-dried porcine plasma, a healthy feed ingredient for resilient weaner pigs Jos Houdijk Disease Systems, SRUC, Edinburgh, UK Background The slaughterhouse by-product spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP)
More informationThyroid Cancer Finding It and Treating It Using Radioiodine
Thyroid Cancer Finding It and Treating It Using Radioiodine Your doctor has referred you to Nuclear Medicine to learn more about the extent of your thyroid cancer, and perhaps even for treatment of the
More informationMaintaining Proper Bowel Elimination
Peak Development Resources, LLC P.O. Box 13267 Richmond, VA 23225 Phone: (804) 233-3707 Fax: (804) 233-3705 After reading the newsletter, the nursing assistant should be able to: 1. Describe the normal
More informationSELF-CATHETERISATION A Guide for Male Patients PATIENT EDUCATION
SELF-CATHETERISATION A Guide for Male Patients PATIENT EDUCATION ADHB Urology Department; Reviewed JULY 2005 Ubix code NPEB2 1 This booklet has been designed to help you learn how to perform self-catheterisation.
More informationYorketown Community Children s Centre. Food Safety and Healthy Eating Policy
Yorketown Community Children s Centre Food Safety and Healthy Eating Policy Policy Number 1 Link to CCQA Principles Family Day Care Quality Assurance (FDCQA) Quality Practices Guide (2004) Principle 4.2
More informationFeeding and Managing the Ewe Flock
\ Feeding and Managing the Ewe Flock Brian Tarr Ruminant Nutritionist 1 FEEDING AND MANAGING THE EWE FLOCK Brian Tarr, Ruminant Nutritionist Shur-Gain, Nutreco Canada Inc. Introduction The number of lambs
More informationMinnesota Dairy Team. Colostrum. Dr. Hugh Chester-Jones Animal Scientist, SROC and Neil Broadwater Extension Educator Dairy
Minnesota Dairy Team Colostrum Dr. Hugh Chester-Jones Animal Scientist, SROC and Neil Broadwater Extension Educator Dairy Prepared for MN Dairy Days, 2009 This presentation will discuss colostrum management
More informationFigure 1: Use a stethoscope to check heart, lungs and rumen for abnormalities.
The Basic Clinical Exam: Key to Early Identification of Sick Animals Ralph Bruno, DVM, MS; Ellen Jordan, PhD; Juan Hernandez-Rivera, PhD; and Kevin Lager, MS Texas AgriLife Extension Service Finding and
More informationCaring for your perineum and pelvic floor after a 3rd or 4th degree tear
Caring for your perineum and pelvic floor after a 3rd or 4th degree tear Most women, up to nine in ten (90%), tear to some extent during childbirth. Most tears occur in the perineum, the area between the
More informationUterine fibroids (Leiomyoma)
Uterine fibroids (Leiomyoma) What are uterine fibroids? Uterine fibroids are fairly common benign (not cancer) growths in the uterus. They occur in about 25 50% of all women. Many women who have fibroids
More informationDigestion of feeds in the milk-fed calf
3 Digestion of feeds in the milk-fed calf This chapter describes the various processes of digestion in the milk-fed calf. The main points in this chapter The adult animal requires a fully functioning rumen
More informationBENEFITS OF BREASTFEEDING
BENEFITS OF BREASTFEEDING There are many benefits to breastfeeding. Even if you are able to do it for only a short time, your baby's immune system can benefit from breast milk. Here are many other benefits
More informationOverview of Artificial Insemination of Kentucky Meat and Dairy Goats Terry Hutchens, Extension Associate University of Kentucky (G10307)
Overview of Artificial Insemination of Kentucky Meat and Dairy Goats Terry Hutchens, Extension Associate University of Kentucky (G10307) General Prospective Kentucky goat producers can make great strides
More informationBLUP Breeding Value Estimation. Using BLUP Technology on Swine Farms. Traits of Economic Importance. Traits of Economic Importance
Using BLUP Technology on Swine Farms Dr. John W. Mabry Iowa State University BLUP Breeding Value Estimation BLUP = Best Linear Unbiased Prediction Prediction of an animals genetic merit (BV) Unbiased means
More informationANS 3319C Reproductive Physiology and Endocrinology Artificial Insemination in Cattle. Objectives. What are the advantages and disadvantages of AI?
ANS 3319C Reproductive Physiology and Endocrinology Artificial Insemination in Cattle Objectives 1) To provide an overview of the process of artificial insemination (AI) in cattle. 2) To gain an understanding
More informationGastrostomy Feeding CARE GUIDELINES FOR PATIENTS & CARERS. Accessory items. Freka UK Funnel Adapter. Fixation Plate CH9. Male Luer Lock Adapter
Accessory items Freka UK Funnel Adapter Fixation Plate CH9 Code: 7755681 Code: 7903002 Male Luer Lock Adapter CH9 Fixation Plate CH15 Code: 7981311 Code: 7904002 Male Luer Lock Adapter CH15 Code: 798137Y
More information3.0 Treatment of Infection
3.0 Treatment of Infection Antibiotics and Medicine National Curriculum Link SCN 3-13b SCN 3-20b HWB 3-15a HWB 3-16a HWB 3-17a Learning Outcomes All students will know: Most common infections will get
More information2. What Should Advocates Know About Diabetes? O
2. What Should Advocates Know About Diabetes? O ften a school district s failure to properly address the needs of a student with diabetes is due not to bad faith, but to ignorance or a lack of accurate
More informationParent & Healthcare Professional Instructions for the collection of Maternal & Umbilical Cord Blood
Parent & Healthcare Professional Instructions for the collection of Maternal & Umbilical Cord Blood 1 2 3 Contents List of Umbilical Cord Blood Collection Kit Thermally insulated transportation box - do
More informationDoes your vaccination protocol compromise newborn health?
Does your vaccination protocol compromise newborn health? This white paper was peer reviewed by Dr. Sheila McGuirk, veterinary clinician at the University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine and
More informationManaging Acute Side Effects of Pelvic Radiation for Gynaecological Cancers
RADIATION THERAPY SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT Managing Acute Side Effects of Pelvic Radiation for Gynaecological Cancers In this booklet you will learn about: Common side effects when you receive radiation therapy
More informationPENNY IN A CUP: DEMONSTRATING THE LAW OF INERTIA
PENNY IN A CUP: DEMONSTRATING THE LAW OF INERTIA Introduction Newton s (Sir Isaac Newton, English physicist, 1642 1727) First Law of Motion states that: An object at rest tends to stay at rest, and an
More informationInfant and young child feeding practices.
Infant and young child feeding practices. Few things engender more anxiety than symptoms associated with feeding. Early difficulties can influence a mothers relationship with her baby for months or even
More information14/11/2014. Copper supply affects growth performance and health in growing pigs. Outline. Copper as essential trace elements
Copper supply affects growth performance and health in growing pigs Themamiddag 4 november 2014 Outline Introduction Copper as essential trace element Paul Bikker, Jurgen van Baal, Roselinde Goselink Presence:
More informationSheep Nutrition. Sheep Nutrition. Nutrient Needs. Sheep Nutrition Water. Products Produced. Use of Pasture\Range and Forages.
Products Produced Muscle (Meat) Milk Fiber (wool, mohair, cashmere) Use of Pasture\Range and Forages Able to produce acceptable product on forage Nutrient Needs Water Energy (TDN, ME, or NE) Protein (CP
More informationDiet and haemodialysis
Diet and haemodialysis This leaflet is for patients with kidney disease who are receiving haemodialysis treatment. If you have any further questions, please contact us using the details below and on the
More informationBEC Feed Solutions. Steve Blake BEC Feed Solutions
BEC Feed Solutions Presenter: Steve Blake BEC Feed Solutions Nutritional Role of Phosphorus Phosphorus (P) is present in all cells in the body Essential for many digestive and metabolic processes, including
More informationTHE BLUE WASHING BOOK
Resources For other booklets and resources visit the Grampians Region Health Collaborative Website Infection Control at: http://www.grhc.org.au/infection-control A LITTLE YELLOW INFECTION CONTROL BOOK
More informationPasteurized Milk and Colostrum for Calves: An Option or Necessity?
Pasteurized Milk and Colostrum for Calves: An Option or Necessity? Sandra Godden and Hugh Chester-Jones Infectious Disease Control Considerations when Feeding Non-saleable Milk While the feeding of non-saleable
More informationNational 3- Multicellular Organisms Revision
National 3- Multicellular Organisms Revision Key Area 1: Structure and function of organs and organ systems and their role in sustaining life. What you must know: The basic structure and functions of main
More informationPatient Guide to Radioactive Iodine Treatment
PATIENT EDUCATION patienteducation.osumc.edu Patient Guide to Radioactive Iodine Treatment What is the Thyroid Gland? The thyroid is a small butterfly-shaped gland in the neck. Your thyroid gland makes
More informationHow. are. raised. A guide offering clarity on the facts of pork production
pigs How are raised A guide offering clarity on the facts of pork production Page 4 Page 6 Page 8 Page 10 Page 12 How Pigs Were Raised Until the 1950s, most farmers produced a little of everything, including
More informationIt is well known that daughters of sires available
Improving Artificial Insemination Techniques It is well known that daughters of sires available through artificial insemination (A.I.) produce more milk than daughters of sires used in natural service.
More informationHollandske erfaringer med højt tørstofindhold i gylle. Maikel Timmerman
Hollandske erfaringer med højt tørstofindhold i gylle Maikel Timmerman Overview of presentation Background information Source measures Water management Farm building Manure treatment Manure production
More information35-40% of GBS disease occurs in the elderly or in adults with chronic medical conditions.
What is Group B Strep (GBS)? Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a type of bacteria that is found in the lower intestine of 10-35% of all healthy adults and in the vagina and/or lower intestine of 10-35% of
More informationAcute pelvic inflammatory disease: tests and treatment
Acute pelvic inflammatory disease: tests and treatment Information for you Information for you Published August 2010 Published in August 2010 (next review date: 2014) Acute What is pelvic inflammatory
More informationHow to prepare your baby s bottle
How to prepare your baby s bottle Cleaning and Sterilising Using or storing sterilised bottles Preparing a bottle feed Storing and warming feeds Feeding your baby Crèches, childminders and other childcare
More informationInformation for people being discharged with a naso-gastric (NG) feeding tube
Information for people being discharged with a naso-gastric (NG) feeding tube The aim of this leaflet is to provide patients with the relevant information for the use of a nasogastric tube. It will include:
More information