Session III LID Performance Monitoring. LID Performance Monitoring IMAX Parking Lot Experimental Design Template

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1 Session III LID Performance Monitoring LID Performance Monitoring IMAX Parking Lot Experimental Design Template Phil James P. Eng., Credit Valley Conservation

2 Presentation Outline Overview of CVC s LID monitoring goals/objectives Overview of existing LID performance monitoring associated with SWI sites and preliminary findings IMAX Experimental Design

3 Stormwater Management Monitoring Strategy Report Reinforce the importance of SWM monitoring in the design, construction, assumption, operation and maintenance of LID infrastructure to ensure long term performance; Outline monitoring objectives for conventional SWM, LID and pollution prevention methods; Share SWM performance data with our stakeholders to build consensus on sizing SWM infrastructure to meet present and future conditions; Identify key issues and opportunities relating to monitoring SWM facilities and systems.

4 Stormwater Management Monitoring Strategy Report 1. Evaluate how SWM ponds perform with LID upstream. Can the wet pond component be reduced or eliminated if the LID features meet the erosion and water quality objectives? 2. Assess performance of measures to determine potential rebates on development charges, credits on municipal stormwater rates and/or reductions in flood insurance premiums. 3. Evaluate performance of LID SWM systems to meet flood control, erosion control, water quality, recharge, and natural heritage protection. 4. Evaluate and refine the design and construction methods and practices to optimize LID performance. 5. Evaluate long-term maintenance needs to optimize performance. 6. Evaluate the performance of soil amendments and increased topsoil depth to meet SWM criteria. 7. Assess the potential for groundwater contamination in the short and long term. 8. Assess the performance of LID designs in reducing pollutants that are dissolved or not associated with suspended solids (i.e. nutrients, oils/grease, and bacteria) 9. Determine the life cycle costs for LID practices 10. Assess the performance of LID to reduce thermal loadings to receiving waters 11. Assess the water quality and quantity performance of LID features (i.e. raingardens, soakaway pits, perforated pipe) in clay or low infiltration soils. 12. Assess the water quality and quantity performance of LID retention features (i.e. rainwater harvesting, underground storage). 13. Evaluate how a site with multiple LID practices treats stormwater runoff and manages stormwater quantity as a whole. 14. Assess the potential for groundwater mounding in localized areas. 15. Assess the potential for soil contamination for practices that infiltrate. 16. Assess the ancillary benefits, or non-swm benefits. 17. Develop event mean concentrations (EMCs) for various land uses and pollutants.

5 LID Monitoring Objectives Evaluate performance of LID SWM systems to meet flood control, erosion control, water quality, recharge, and natural heritage protection. Lakeview Road Retrofit Elm Drive Road Retrofit

6 Elm Drive Road Retrofit

7 Road Right of Ways

8 Lakeview Road Retrofit - Mississauga Project Partners:

9 Lakeview Road Retrofit - Mississauga Before Construction After Summer 2012 During Construction Spring 2012

10 Multi-year Performance monitoring Curb and Gutter Control Catchment Existing Open Drainage Catchment Continuous Flow data Flow weighted composite sampling Control site for Lakeview No control site for Elm Drive First Flush Sample Mid-Storm Sample First Flush Sample Mid-Storm Sample Rain gauges to be installed on site Observation wells

11 Observation Wells Observation Well Record drawdown of treated stormwater below underdrain Calculate volume of water that is exfiltrated into the adjacent soils Estimate the dead and active storage volumes available between storm events

12 Approximate elevation of under drain Storage reservoirs fill and under drain conveys excess water Bottom of bioretention unit

13

14 Control Site Curb & Gutter Newly constructed bioretention cells

15 Construction Methods Evaluate and refine construction methods and practices for LID projects.. Public Lands

16 Public Lands Based on a study by the Centre for Watershed Protection, 50% of LID practices are not functioning as intended due to improper construction and maintenance. To address this issue CVC created the LID Construction Guide and LID Landscape Guides, and developed monitoring to assess: What criteria should be used to assume bioretention facilities? Are current bioretention design standards optimal?

17 1. Selected six (6) sites Public Lands 2. Develop evaluation methods for determining that a bioretention practice is functioning optimally (e.g. soil testing, plant assessments, drawdown time monitoring, sediment accumulation, post-construction surveys). 3. Optimize bioretention design by comparing the functionality of various design characteristics (e.g. plant communities, inlet/outlet structures, mulch cover, pre-treatment types, soil composition).

18 Riverwood Lakeside

19 Elm Drive/ AEC Portico

20 Green Glade O Connor

21 Public Lands 1. Develop assumption protocols for municipalities and private landowners for determining whether bioretention practices are functioning optimally; 2. Update CVC s LID Design and Construction Guides and Training Programs; 3. How to guide for Public Lands

22 IMAX Parking Lot Retrofit

23 IMAX Parking Lot Retrofit 1. Evaluate performance of LID SWM systems to meet flood control, erosion control, water quality, recharge, and natural heritage protection. 2. Evaluate and refine the design and construction methods and practices to optimize LID performance. 3. Evaluate long-term maintenance needs to optimize performance. 4. Assess the potential for groundwater contamination in the short and long term. 5. Assess the performance of LID designs in reducing pollutants that are dissolved or not associated with suspended solids (i.e. nutrients, oils/grease, and bacteria) 6. Determine the life cycle costs for LID practices 7. Assess the performance of LID to reduce thermal loadings to receiving waters 8. Evaluate how a site with multiple LID practices treats stormwater runoff and manages stormwater quantity as a whole. 9. Assess the potential for groundwater mounding in localized areas. 10. Assess the ancillary benefits, or non-swm benefits.

24 Ontario Centres of Excellence Development of an Experimental Design Template in partnership with the University of Guelph & Ontario Centre for Excellence. OCE's Technical Problem Solving program supports short-term projects between industry and academia that address specific technical challenges or opportunities identified by the industry partner that will have a commercial impact. The projects focus on quickly applying research and technical expertise to resolve these challenges and speed innovative products and services to market.

25 Benefit of completing the experimental design in concert with engineering design. Establish monitoring goals and objectives based on what is feasible for the site; Incorporate monitoring infrastructure (i.e. manholes with adequate depth, observation and sampling wells, reference catchment); Configure LID technologies to make monitoring possible. The experimental design is a critical step in setting the stage for a multiyear performance evaluation!!

26 IMAX Project The experimental design will provide the framework for a multi-year performance evaluation of the IMAX parking lot retrofit; Evaluate the capability, effectiveness and acceptance of novel LID synergies to advance innovative SWM technology acceptance, implementation and product supply and services across Ontario.

27 Monitoring Equipment Heated rain gauge on site; Continuous flow loggers with compound weirs capable of measuring low flow conditions (i.e. Trickle); Automated samplers; Air & water temperature loggers; Stilling wells (to estimate drawdown time between events and available storage); Liner under drains (to test liner for leaks).

28 Evaluate the performance of various stormwater management practices individually and as a collective system relative to a traditional asphalt-to-catchbasin system.

29 Sorbtive Filter

30 Asphalt to Bioretention to Sorbtive Unit MS2b -1500mm manhole, flow and water quality (depending on event, flow could be 100% treated or a blend of treated and untreated overflow Overflow by-passes sorbtive media unit MS2a measure flow and water quality in vault

31 Sorbtive Filter Unit Top View Side View Opportunity to sample water treated through bioretention and sorbtive media

32 Asphalt to Jellyfish to bioretention Jellyfish Filter

33 Asphalt to Jellyfish to Bioretention MS3-1500mm manhole, flow and water quality (depending on event, flow could be 100% treated or a blend of treated and untreated overflow Install level logger to estimate when overflow is occurring

34 Bioretention amended with Sorbtive Media Asphalt to bioretention amended with sorbtive media

35 Asphalt to bioretention amended with sorbtive media MS4-1500mm manhole, flow and water quality (depending on event, flow could be 100% treated or a blend of treated and untreated overflow Install level logger to estimate when overflow is occurring

36 Permeable Pavers Eco-Optiloc Dark Charcoal With OPSD 1010 Granular O With ASTM C33 No 57 (3/4 clear) Bentofix Liner

37 Permeable Pavement Observation Wells MS5,MS6,MS7 Measure flow and water quality

38 Observation Wells

39 Evaluate the performance of various stormwater management practices individually and as a collective system relative to a traditional asphalt-to-catchbasin system.

40 Evaluate how a site with multiple LID practices treats stormwater runoff and manages stormwater quantity as a whole

41 Hydrologic Response Evaluate LID performance with respect to providing flood, erosion control and maintaining water balance (baseflow maintenance) Hydrologic Response What is the volume, timing and rate of outflow from LIDs and asphalt? What conditions (i.e. rain events) produce no outflow, produce flow and receive full treatment, cause overflow/bypass? Volume Reduction What are the event-based peak flow reductions, volume reductions and lag coefficients? What is the overall hydrologic performance statistics for the monitored events (e.g. annual volume reduction, average peak flow reduction, etc.)

42 Water Quality Treatment Evaluate LID performance in order to improve water quality with respect to the parameters of concern (TSS, metals, nutrients, temperature and pollutant loading etc) What is the water quality performance between the various LIDs versus the asphalt control site? What are the event-based removal efficiencies and pollutant loadings? What is the average annual removal rates? What the removal efficiencies on a seasonal basis (spring/summer/fall/winter)?

43 Thermal Mitigation Assess the performance of LID to reduce thermal loadings to receiving waters What is the performance per each individual LID at reducing the temperature of stormwater? How does the system as a whole mitigate thermal impacts? Compare outflow temperatures for various LIDs to control site.

44 Groundwater Quality Evaluate any changes/impacts to local groundwater quality Address concern around LID infiltration practices in groundwater sensitive areas Maintain baseflow

45 Permeable Pavement MS5,MS6,MS7 Measure flow and water quality Observation Wells

46 Groundwater Quality Sampling drains beneath liner

47 Groundwater Quality

48 Climate Change Evaluate the degree to which LID mitigates the impacts of extreme events and infrastructure resiliency to Climate Change - Do the LID features help with adapting downstream drainage infrastructure to extreme events (does it build resiliency by reduced flow to the municipal stormsewer system?) - Will the parking lot retrofit reduce pressure on the municipal storm sewer system and increase capacity for the system as a whole?

49 LID Optimization Evaluate and refine the design and construction methods and practices to optimize LID performance Optimize the design of permeable pavement systems to meet multiple objectives (Flood Control, Erosion Control, Water Balance and Thermal mitigation) Optimize the design of bioretention soils by amending with Sorbtive Media. Compare difference between Granular O and ¾ clear stone in terms of treatment, storage and construction costs.

50 Maintenance & Operation Evaluate Evaluate long-term maintenance needs to optimize performance - When does a drop in performance trigger the need for maintenance? - What are the Infiltration test results for permeable pavement over time? - What are the O&M needs such as surface sweeping, inlet structure clean outs, plant survival, weeding, mulching, watering, fertilizing, trash removal, media replacement, sediment removal, etc - Are there reductions in maintenance costs (i.e. winter maintenance)? Inspection and maintenance records to be paired with quantitative monitoring data to evaluate maintenance on long term performance.

51 Performance over time Year One Year Two Year Three

52 Monitoring Time Frames Baseline Monitoring Short Term Monitoring (1 to 5 years) Long Term Monitoring (10 years) How much monitoring is required to answer the objective?

53 Other Questions/Considerations Assess performance of measures to determine potential rebates on development charges, credits on municipal stormwater rates and/or reductions in flood insurance premiums What factor of safety is required to ensure on-going performance? Use monitoring data to calibrate a water quality model that can translate the findings across the watershed to estimate net benefits? Development of models to scale up stormwater management projects from site and neighbourhood scales to municipal and regional scales. Link to real time water quantity and quality monitoring to calibrate municipal/regional/watershed scale models.

54 Guidance Documents Refine and customize guidelines for LIDs (design, construction and O&M) to suit various Ontario conditions (ex. high groundwater sensitivity, commercial/industrial landuse, low permeability soils, etc.)

55 Next Steps Finalize Goals & Objectives Complete Monitoring Report Template Finalize monitoring plan and prioritize based on available funding Commence monitoring program December 2012

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