How Pinocchio Becomes a Real Boy: The Journey from Invented to Regularized Language The Case of Fingerspelling. James W. Van Manen
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1 How Pinocchio Becomes a Real Boy: The Journey from Invented to Regularized Language The Case of Fingerspelling Jim Van Manen, Ph.D. James W. Van Manen
2 The real act of discovery consists not in finding new lands but in seeing with new eyes. Marcel Proust
3 I am a Conlang Wrangler I wrote an 175 page unpublished manuscript about 10 years ago that contains an invented sign language called Worldfirst I did conlang and con-culture, and conworld work to write the story You have revived my interest in reworking my manuscript and fleshing out my first con-lang: Worldfirst
4 From Con to Nat How do we use created language? The Case of American Sign Language Fingerspelling
5 Friar Melcor de Yebra. Refugim Infirmorum 1593
6 History In 1620, 27 years later, Juan Pablo Bonet detailed the use of a manual alphabet for education and didn t give Yebra credit for creating the system
7 Spain to France Charles-Michel de l'épée found Bonet s book and learned some signs from two Deaf twins in Pairs and founded the French School the Deaf in 1760
8 France to the USA Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc (Deaf) founded the American School for the Deaf in 1817 using Clerc s knowlege of French Sign Language (including the one handed alphabet)
9 Fingerspelling Engraving 1886 Gordon, American Annals of the Deaf and Dumb, 1886
10 1910
11 A Simple Question? If it has been through 4 countries and has been used as a component of languages for over 400 years, what can we guess about it?
12 A Simple Question? If it has been through 4 countries and has been used as a component of languages for over 400 years, what can we guess about it? IT WILL CHANGE!!!
13 Friar Melcor de Yebra. Refugim Infirmorum 1593
14
15 When it comes to what Deaf people actually do when they fingerspell-- it is like this...
16 Here it is in a Metaphor: Native ASL users don t use the same set of tools that they teach hearing people to use
17 Users of ASL are not doing this on purpose, but it is hard on new learners
18 This is what they use...
19 This is What You Get
20 Words for Letters Languages have words for letters Non-linguists have been brainwashed (inculcated) to believe the words they use ARE letters This is not true W is a great example--two words except in Texas...
21 Sign = Word Fingerspelling is like Speechspelling Speechspelling: the act of saying the words for each alphabetic letter (spelling out loud) Each symbol in the alphabet has a corresponding sign in ASL-- or that is what we once thought
22 My Ah-ha! Why was this system so hard for non natives? I learned it as a baby To find out I decided to do something revolutionary as it pertains to fingerspelling I assumed nothing and watched what native fingerspellers did when they fingerspell
23 EVER Dr. David Geeslin Superintendent, Indiana School for the Deaf
24 FAN Dr. David Geeslin Superintendent, Indiana School for the Deaf
25
26 The Problem Allophones of Phonemes We assume there are 26 things to learn because there is a relationship between the modern Roman alphabet and their fingerspelled counterparts
27 No One Knows Yet... We don t know how many allophones exist for each phoneme If we don t know what these are and don t know how many there are, we can t easily teach non-native users to see them...
28 ASL Phonemes E PHONEME Mental Construct
29 Phonemes and Allophones (E) PHONEME Mental Construct ALLOPHONES Physical Constructs
30 Phonemes and Allophones (E) PHONEME ALLOPHONES
31 Phonemes and Allophones (E) PHONEME ALLOPHONES Bob Johnson 1995
32 Phonemes and Allophones (E) PHONEME ALLOPHONES
33 Allophones of E previously known newly discovered!
34 New Allophones of E Medial E after M Medial E after N Medial E after V Medial E after T Final E after M Final E after N Final E after T Final E after V
35 I can document these allophones of phonemes from films over 100 years old
36 I can document these allophones of phonemes from films over 100 years old
37 Then Things Get Odd New additions to the ASL alphabet ZZ, CH, Synomorphs
38 ZZ vs Z
39 ZZ A NEW SIGN IN ASL! ZZ Existed previously only in lexicalized fingerspelled signs like PIZZA and JAZZ This lexicalized form seems to have become productive in the language and can appear whenever zz is needed
40 CH Seems ASL has decided it needs its own sign for CH ASL is visual so it can t be because CH it is one sound It may have something to do with the single mouth movement for two written things--a time saver to make one sign for it It may be simple assimilation
41 look at the CH
42 WILLIAM WILLARD Dr. David Geeslin Superintendent, Indiana School for the Deaf
43 Synomorphs A sign simultaneously demonstrating the salient features of more than one fingerspelled sign Different from coarticulation because that a blend of sounds--this is two things actually both occurring at the same time IB IC, ID, IE, IL, MI, NI, SI, A about 40 so far (most related to I)
44 X Citation Form (Phoneme) X Commonly Used Forms (Common Allophone) SIDE X and FRONT X
45 D Citation D tim-d
46 tim-d tim-d = The allophone where only the thumb, index, and middle finger are used I believe it is more probable to see tim-d following signs where any or all of the I, M, R, or P fingers are already down tim-d occurs after L and after A
47 EMINENCE
48 M Citation M Mid M High M
49 MI (synomorph) Citation I MI Mid MI High MI
50 Citation N N Mid N High N
51 EMINENCE
52 C Citation C Side CI synomorph Wide Side C C Front CI Front synomorph Wide C Front C2
53
54 C after N
55 EMINENCE
56 Phonemes and Allophones (E) PHONEME
57 Recap ASL phonemes and allophones in Fingerspelling You saw that ASL uses more than 26 allophones to describe the written alphabet Synomorphs and synophones are not the same as coarticulation
58 Recap You were exposed to newly discovered signs in ASL! ZZ and CH You saw the newly discovered allophones for X: Side-X and Front-X You saw the fully described TIM-D
59 Implications for Conlangs Follow the phonetic system of a natlang or be able to be pronounced in a natlang Get exposure and become useful to the natlang--fill a gap in the language Words with unique meaning may make it Expect changes to happen over time
60 Jim Van Manen, Ph.D. Columbia College Chicago
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Supplementary Readings Supplementary Readings Handouts Online Tutorials The following readings have been posted to the Moodle course site: Contemporary Linguistics: Chapter 2 (pp. 15-33) Handouts for This
Learning Styles and the Writing Process
Learning Styles and the Writing Process Gathering Information Look at Model Papers Both student writing and professional papers will give you useful ideas about structure and organization. List Important
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