PB Fusosha subculture paperback. a whole way of life SPA! ways of life. Quick Japan relax ku:nel Studio Voice Switch. Japan cool! Jenks.

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1 October PB Fusosha subculture paperback SPA! Japan cool! vs a whole way of life PB SPA! ways of life Quick Japan relax ku:nel Studio Voice Switch Jenks Bennett

2 fan culture Gordon Gelder Thornton Kidd Gelder hobo YMO MANZAI YEN TRA

3 October SF a b Gordon Berger Berger c d Cressey a Brake Wilson Borden

4 b b OS reification Culture c pratique performativity Weinzierl subterranean subordinate subaltern subversive a b Downesb the mainstreams the alternatives Thornton

5 October Muggleton d salientmarked b Certeau contraculture Yinger covert culture Kadrey alt. culture Daly Wice WASP

6 d Gelder unconventionality IT Bennett, Andy Virual subculture?: youth, identity and the Internet, Bennett, A. & Kahn-Harris, K. eds. After subculture : critical studies in contemporary youth culture, Palgrave Cohen objects Schouten McAlexander Fischer

7 October Berger, P. & Berger, B. Sociology: a biographical approach, Borden, Iain Skateboading, space and city, Berg Brake, Michael Comparative youth culture, Routledge Certeau, Michel de Art de faire, Cohen, Phil Subcultural conflict and working-class community, Stuart, Hall et al. eds Culture, media, language, Hutchinson Cressey, Donald Foreword, Arnold, David ed. Subcultures, The Glendessary press Daly,S.&Wice,N. Alt. culture, Downes, David The delinquent solution: a study in subcultural theory, Routledge & Kegan Paul Fischer, Claude Toward a subcultural theory of urbanism, Gelder, Ken ed. The subcultures reader second edition, Routledge Gelder, K. & Thornton, S. eds. The subcultures reader, Routledge Gordon, MiltonThe concept of the sub-culture and its application, Arnold, David ed. Subcultures, The Glendessary press Assimilation in American life, Jenks, Chris Subculture: the fragmentation of the social, Sage Kadrey, Richard Covert culture sourcebook, St. Martin s press Kidd, WarrenCulture and identity, Palgrave Schouten, J. & McAlexander, J. Subcultures of consumption: an ethnography of the new bikers, Journal of consumer research, Thornton, Sarah Club cultures: music, media and subcultural capital, Polity press Weinzierl, R. & Muggleton, D. What is postsubcultural studies anyway?, Muggleton, D. & Weinzierl, R. eds. The post-subcultures reader, Berg Wilson, Brian Fight, flight, or chill: subcultures, youth, and rave into the twenty-first century, McGill- Queen s University press Yinger, Milton Contraculture and subculture, American sociological review

8 Notes on the Status of the Concept, Subculture ABSTRACT The term subculture has been used with many different meanings. Especially in Japanese, the loan word sabukaru tya has been used in various ways. It has ordinarily referred to works, such as popular music, comics, animation films, programmes or magazines for the youth, video-games, and the latest fashions. Using Raymond William s definition that culture is a whole way of life, subcultures means a subset of practices in each society. From the point of view what culture was supposed to be against the term subculture, I try to classify the uses of subculture into four groups. Subculture as an antonym of high culture, i.e. subculture as low culture. Subculture as an antonym of total culture, i.e. subculture as partial culture. Subculture as an antonym of main or dominant culture, i.e. subculture as alternative or counter culture. Subculture as an antonym of conventional culture. I have chosen the last definition. I think when a certain subculture emerges, conventional culture, which is opposed to the subculture, makes its appearance a posteriori. Not until a certain subculture emerges and it reflects an aspect of our social conventions, are we aware of some taken-for-granted-ness which all of us hold in our everyday life. And furthermore, now we are living in a world where we cannot easily assume a definite high, total, or main culture. Therefore, we should not reify any high,total,ormaincultureapriori. Key Words: subculture, unconventionality, cultural studies

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